自考英语二经典复习资料.docx

自考英语二复习精要UNIT 11、 word studyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjective a.客观的，真实的。照实的，无偏见的。We have to accept the objective reality as it is.我们必需承受客观事实。The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement.文学指责家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。n.目的，目的。People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目的而努力工作。My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam.我目前的目的是通过口试。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴随，陪伴；2、为。伴奏The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.演唱者由他的学生担当钢琴伴奏。The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。All orders must be accompanied with cash.全部的订货单必需随附现金。arguevt./vi.争论，争论，辩论作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for赞成或against反对。She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.她总宠爱为微小的问题进展争论。He often argues philosophy with James.他常和詹姆斯探讨哲学。He argued for immediate action.他主见马上行动。They argued against such a policy.他们反对这种政策。vt.1、劝服；2、用辩论劝服argue intoout ofdoing sth. 劝服某人做不做某事。I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我劝服他不做这样危急的旅行。He argued that man was descended from apes.他论证人类的祖先是猿。definevt.1、说明，给。下定义；2、限定，规定。Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向挪动的间隔 的乘积。He has defined his position on the issues.他已说明自己在这些问题上的立场。2、 常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2、管理者常常必需对将来的状况下做出最正确的猜测，尽量不存幸运。P2Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3、假如没有选择，就无决策可言。P3If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6、决策者们必需有方法确定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目的的实现起作用最大。P6Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加探讨经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8、有些目的比另一些目的更重要，但其排序和重要性那么因人和部门而异。P7Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .3、 习题1.单词英译汉goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity, 2.词组英译汉in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down 3.句子英译汉及常考句型一样。4.Text A 汉译英决策者应当可以对将来作出最好的推想。Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.有人认为经理们所作的一切均及决策有关。Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的确定。 If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的方法也不同。Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.决策者往往是公司业务开展的关键。Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company. Decision makers are usually key people who determine the company's business development.4、历年试题1. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 答案是involves . 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应当用一般如今时。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4) 答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in B. at C. between D. among 答案是A. 4. Almost everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4) A. imposes B. improvise C. involves D. indicates 答案为C . 5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 答案为presented . 考点： present 是过去分词作状语。 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语， 修饰decision . 7. 汉译英：通常管理者必需对将来的状况作出最正确的预料。   答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be. 1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目的。 答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals. 2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。 答： The decision-making process is fundamental to business management. 3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都及决策有关。 答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. 4. 虽然我们不能预见将来，但应当尽量削减偶尔性发生。 答： Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance. 5. 不同的管理者对同一问题的说明不同。 答： Different manager define the same problem in different terms.UNIT 21、word studyexert,collapse,lauch,operate exertvt.尽力；发挥威力等；施加压力等；产生影响等；行使职权等He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.他已尽了全力以到达自己的目的。He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.他始终在施加种种压力要我变更办法。These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution.这些原那么对革命进程产生了很大的影响。 collapsen.1、倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；2、安康等垮掉，因精疲力竭等缘由倒下The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter.暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了。He suffered from a nervous collapse.他的精神崩溃了。The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。vi.倒塌，崩溃The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.屋顶被雪压塌了。The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.会谈了几次之后，会谈裂开了。In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment.在斗争的最终几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。 lauchvt 1、放射，投射；2、使船下水The satellite was launched in a rocket.这颗卫星是由火箭放射的。The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去。A new ship has been successfully launched.一条新船已成功地下水。vt ./vi.发动，发起运动等launch out into 开始，着手进展Our army launched an attack on the enemy.我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。The police launched an investigation into the case.警察对此案开展了调查。The research group launched out into a series of new experiment.探讨小组着手进展了一系列新的试验。 operatevi. 1、运转，起作用；2、动手术on,uponThe elevator operates smoothly.电梯运行顺当。The medicine gradually operated.药物渐渐奏效了。The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.医生给病人的颈部动手术。vt.1、操作，操纵，经营；2、对。动手术This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines.这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。Do you know how to operate the machine你知道怎么开这台机器吗？The doctor operated the patient on the neck.医生给病人的颈部动手术。He was operated on for lung cancer.他因肺癌动了手术。2、常考句型1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P1Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始详细探讨黑洞。P3It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有特别先进的技术，人们或许能在将来利用黑洞为人类效劳。P5On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.3、习题Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion, speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all 2.句子英译汉：1) 6) 及常考句型一样。7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.据说黑洞可以将其四周的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .对黑洞的探讨刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.假如我们相识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.单元课后练习.Word Spelling1.密度 n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2.使倒塌，使崩溃 v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3.边界限，边界 n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4.永久的，经久不变的 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5.根底，依据 n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6.放射，发动 v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _7.双胞胎之一 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8.同伴，同事 n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _9.人类 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10.推想，猜测 n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11.吞 v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _12.不充分的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _13.物质 n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14.状况，环境 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15.发生，出现 v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _16.剧烈的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _17.证据 n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _18.看不见的 a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _19.宇航员 n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20.热带的 a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.Word Form1.Supernovae_(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still_(have) the same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.3.If one_(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars_(believe) to be black holes.5.Matter from the one which we can see_(pull) towards the companion star.6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy_(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.7.The most_(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.8.They show us a world which operates in a _(total) different way from our own.9.The surface of some areas_(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys.10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different_(colour) skins.Vocabulary and Structure1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)_which matter has fallen and_which nothing can escape-not even light.A into into B into fromC from into D from from2.This process of shrinking may be so intense_a black hole results.A whether B whatC which D that3.Binary stars,_their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.A as B thatC what D if4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a 'partner' to_which we can see in the sky.A the one B thatC the ones D those5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day_the energy of black holes for mankind.A make fun of B make sure ofC make use of D make sense of6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as_.A companies B comparisonsC compounds D companions7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in_round the sun.A track B orbitC tour D route8.In August 1977, a satellite was_to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.A posted B deliveredC launched D transmitted9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are_here.A inadequate B invisibleC intense D individual10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But_,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.A in addition B in personC in detail D in theory.C-E Translation1.这个收缩的过程如此剧烈，以致于黑洞产生了。2.直到最近天文学家们才开始探讨黑洞。3.但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为确定特别不同。4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的探讨。5.有一天或许人类也会遭此命运。单元自测答案 Unit 2.Word Spelling1.density 2.collapse 3.boundary4.constant 5.basis 6.launch7.twin 8 panion 9.mankind10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible19.astronaut 20.tropical.Word Form1.were reported 2.having 3.made4.believed 5.is being pulled 6.swallowing7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists10.coloured.Vocabulary and Structure1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D.C-E Translation1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.3.But in theory, matter must behave very differently/in a very different manner inside the black hole.4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.4、历年试题1. 星体的密度增大到确定程度时就会发生爆炸。   答： The star will explode when its density increases to some extent. 2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？   答： Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is 3. 假设有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。   答：If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。   答： Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century. 5. 他已尽了全力以到达自己的目的。   答： He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal. UNIT 31、word studyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,open up requestn./vt.恳求，要求request后面接for，表示要求的对象；“依据要求为by(或on) request；“应。之要求那么为at sbs request。He made a request for immediate help.他要求马上赐予扶植。Minibuses stop by request.小公共汽车招手即停。Instructions will be sent immediately on(upon) request.说明将按要求马上寄出。The singer gave one more song at our request.歌颂家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。Your silence is requested.请勿说话。 ensurevt.保证，担保ensure后面接against或from，表示“保证。免于。；后面接to或for，那么表示“保证。具有。We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.我们可以保证把工作做好。The police can ensure the witness against (或from) danger.警察能保证证人免受危急。This measure ensure to (或for) us a voice in the matter.这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。 opposevt.1、反对，对抗；2、使相对，使对抗toMany people opposed building a new highway b