英语高考常考知识点总结阅读理解短文改错书面表达.docx

高考必备单词：一、一个星期七天1. Monday2. Tuesday3. Wednesday4. Thursday5. Friday6. Saturday7. Sunday二、一年十二个月1. January2. February3. March4. April5. May6. June7. July8. August9. September10. October11. November12. December三、一年四季1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter十三、其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accepted (NMET1997)4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶尔的，accidentally adv. 偶尔地)5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address地址7. admire敬佩8. admitting (2000北京春季卷)9. agreement 协议10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的13. announced(NMET1999)14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 着急的，anxiously adv. 着急地)15. apologize v. 愧疚 (apology n. 愧疚apologetic adj. 愧疚的，apologetically adv.愧疚地)16. apologize/apologise (2000全国卷)17. appreciate感谢/观赏 (感谢人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(NMET1996)19. assistant 助手20. astonish惊讶 (astonishment n. 惊讶，astonishing，astonished)21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 (可作名词也可作动词)24. attentively 用心地25. attentively(NMET1996)26. attitude 看法27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average 平均29. average(NMET1999)30. balance平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful)32. believe信任 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 英勇37. broadcast(NMET1996)38. broadcast播送 (过去式、过去分词同原形)39. carefully 当心 (carefully)40. ceiling天花板41. celebrated (2000北京春季卷)42. celebration 庆贺 (celebrate n. 庆贺)43. century 世纪44. challenge 挑战45. character 性格46. charge收费47. cinema电影院48. comfort v. & n. 抚慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒适地)49. comfortably(NMET1997)50. comment 评论51. communication 沟通52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论56. condition状况 (conditions条件)57. confessing (2000北京春季卷)58. congratulations 庆贺 (congratulate v.)59. constantly 不断地60. construction(NMET1996)61. continue接着62. contribution 奉献 (contribute v.)63. conveniently便利 (convenient adj.)64. conversation 谈话65. coughing(NMET1997)66. cousin表兄弟67. cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.)68. curious 新奇 (curiosity n. 新奇)69. curious(NMET1996)70. customer 顾客71. customers (2000北京春季卷)72. custom风俗73. damage损坏74. declared(NMET1999)75. delicious 美味76. destroy歼灭 (其过去式是destroyed)77. determined 有决心的78. develop开展 (development n. developing 开展中的，developed兴盛的)79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点 (有复数形式)82. disappointed悲观 (disappointing 让人悲观的)83. disappointment 悲观84. discovery 发觉 (其复数是discoveries，其动词是discover，discoverer发觉者)85. disturb打扰86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)87. downstairs楼下88. dream幻想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主，employee雇员)91. empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage激励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.)93. energy能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 嫉妒 (envious adj.)96. equal(NMET1998)97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(NMET1999)100. European 欧洲人101. event事务102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)103. exhibition(NMET1997)104. exhibition展览105. expense 消耗106. experience 经验 (experienced 有经验的)107. expert 专家108. expression 表达109. failure 失败 (fail v.)110. familiar(NMET1999)111. familiar熟识的112. favorite 最宠爱的 (即作形容词也作名词，作名词时有复数)113. figure人物/数字114. finger手指115. flight飞行116. forehead前额117. foreign(NMET1998)118. fortunately幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 常常地122. furniture 家具123. further进一步的124. generally (2000全国卷)125. geography地理126. Germany德国127. government(NMET1996)128. gradually渐渐地129. graduation毕业 (graduate)130. grammar语法131. habits (NMET1997)132. handkerchiefs (2000北京春季卷)133. honesty 醇厚 (honest)134. honor/honour 荣誉135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (2000北京春季卷)137. immediately立刻138. impress 印象 (impression n.)139. incident小事务140. including包括 (include v.)141. indispensable (NMET1999)142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息144. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring, inspired)145. institute学院146. instrument 仪器147. interest 爱好148. interrupt 打断149. interrupt打断150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)151. irregular 不规那么的152. journey旅程153. judge推断 (judgment)154. kindergarten幼儿园155. knowledge 学问156. labor/labour劳动157. late1y(NMET1999)158. laughter笑声159. lawyer律师160. librarian图书馆理员161. loss损失 (lose, lost 是其动词形式)162. luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志164. majority (2000北京春季卷)165. majority大多数166. manage 设法 (manager, management)167. market(2000全国卷)168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的)169. material(s)/cloth(NMET1996)170. material物质/材料171. mayor市长172. mean (NMET1999)173. measure测量174. medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型)175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)176. messages (2000全国卷)177. metal 金属178. modern现代的179. modest虚心的180. monitor 班长/监控181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神奇的 (mystery 神奇)185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家，national国家的)186. naturally(NMET1998)187. naughty 调皮的188. necessary(NMET1999)189. ninth(NMET1998)190. normal 正常的191. obey (NMET1997)192. obviously明显的193. offering (2000全国卷)194. operation手术195. opportunity 时机196. ordinary 一般的197. organized/organised(NMET1996)198. particularly 特殊是199. passenger 旅客200. passengers(NMET1999)201. patience耐性 (patiently)202. patient病人/耐性203. perfect 完备 (perfectly)204. performed(2000北京春季卷)205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permission答应208. persuaded(NMET1996)209. phenomena 现象210. physicist 物理学家211. pilots (2000全国卷)212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)218. poverty 贫困 (poor)219. poverty贫困220. practical (NMET1997)221. preparing(NMET1998)222. pressure(NMET1997)223. pretend假装224. professor 教授225. profit 利润226. progress进步227. pronunciation (2000北京春季卷)228. provide 供应 (比较：offer, supply)229. public 公众230. purpose目的231. quality(NMET1996)232. quantity数量233. realistic(NMET1997)234. receive 收到235. recently(NMET1999)236. recognised/recognized(NMET1999)237. recognize 认出 (recognition 成认)238. regards 问候239. remind提示240. repeat (repetition)重复241. respect敬重242. restaurant 餐馆243. restaurants(NMET1999) 244. satisfaction满足 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)245. satisfactory 满足的246. Saturday(NMET1998)247. scientific 科学的248. scientific科学的249. secretary秘书250. secretly (2000北京春季卷)251. separately单独地252. separates (NMET1998)253. serious 严峻的 (seriously)254. service效劳255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 宁静 (silent)257. similar (2000北京春季卷)258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相像之处)259. situation形势/状况260. slightly(2000全国卷)261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)262. southern(2000全国卷)263. special特殊的264. species 物种 (单复数同形)265. spring(NMET1997)266. square 平方267. stolen(2000全国卷)268. straight(NMET1997)269. suitable相宜的270. support支持271. surprise惊讶272. surround 包围273. swimming(NMET1998)274. technique 技术 (technical adj.)275. technology技术276. temperature温度277. theory 理论278. thirsty口渴279. thorough (NMET1997)280. total合计281. traffic 交通282. translated(NMET1998)283. translation 翻译 (translator翻译家，interpret 讲解, interpreter 口语翻译)284. umbrella(NMET1999)285. umbrella伞286. unusually不寻常 (unusual不寻常的)287. unwilling 不情愿 (willing adj. 情愿 will n. 意志)288. upstairs(2000全国卷)289. upstairs楼上290. vacation假期291. various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)292. victim受害者293. victory成功294. vocabulary词汇295. voyage航行296. waste (NMET1999)297. wealth财宝298. weather(NMET1998)299. whisper 低语300. worship崇拜301. youth年轻人 (复数加-s)302. zero 零认读较难词汇100 audience available award accurate agent scare survive systemtransport variety reward relate rescue respond quantity paragraph precious original oxygen nuclear merchant merely majority interview intelligence influence illegal independent immigrate envyguilty gesture confuse combine convenient commercial comment第七部分：短文改错15分考点一：动词1 谓语动词的时态1各种时态的用法 2时态的协调一样 a. 在简洁句中， 时态要刚好间状语一样。b. 当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时， 其时态要求一样。c. 由并列连词连接的两个句子， 时态上要求一样。d. 从句及主句的时态照应2谓语动词的语态1主动语态及被动语态的误用2被动语态的正确形式3被动语态的时态及句中其他时态的照应3主谓一样4谓语动词的语气1虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。3虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。5情态动词1must表示“必需， 不得不时， 其否认式是neednt或do not have to； must not那么表示“不许， 制止。2need及dare既可作情态动词， 也可作实义动词； 而作实义动词时， 假设要构成问句和否认句， 就须要助动词do/does/did。3“can+have+过去分词构造用在疑问句和否认句中， 表示对过去的事情所作的推想4“could+have+过去分词构造除用来表示对过去的事情所作的推想外， 还可用来表示某事有可能在过去发生， 但事实上并没有发生。5“may/might+have+过去分词构造用来表示对过去的事情所作的推想。(“可能已经了)6“must+have+过去分词构造用来表示对过去的事情所作的确定推断。(“确定已经了吧)7“should/ought to+have+过去分词构造用来表示过去应做而未做的事， 含有自责或责怪的语气。(“原来应当的)8“need not+have+过去分词构造用来表示过去做了没有必要做的事。(“原来不必的)6谓语构造(缺少谓语)例：(NMET05II)I now think English fun to learn.【fun前加is；English是宾语从句的主语，后面应是谓语，且为一般如今时单数，故需加is】7固定构造例：(NMET04I)Can you tell me about what I should do？【去掉about】8非谓语动词1不定式的主被动形式的误用2不定式及V-ing的误用3形式主语、形式宾语it的误用4had better, would rather than等词的后面只跟不带to的不定式。5动词不定式的一般式及完成式的误用6动词plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would(should) like等后面的不定式的完成式表示原准备要做而最终未做成的事情。7V-ing形式及过去分词的误用，如：surprising(令人惊讶的)， surprised(感到惊异的)；考点二：名词1 句中名词的单复数形式2 句中可数名词和不行数名词的误用3 句中全部格的误用4 句中名词前限定词的误用考点三：形容词及副词1 句中形容词及副词的位置2 系动词后形容词、副词的误用3 句中易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用4 句中形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。5 句中形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的运用错误。6 并列构造前后形容词及副词的级别的对等。考点四：代 词1 人称代词单复数的运用2 人称代词主格和宾格的误用3 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的误用4 物主代词指代的运用5 反身代词的单复数和人称及所指代的名词是否一样。6 不定代词有some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both, either, other, another, others及由some, any, no, every构成的复合词的误用7 指示代词的误用考点五：数 词1 基数词及序数词之间的误用2 几百、 几千、 几百万等数字的正确表述3 分数的正确表达4 表示“历史上的几十年头和某人几十岁时的正确表达方式5 数词及其他词构成的复合形容词的正确性考点六：介词1介词的正确运用的遗漏， 特殊要留意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词运用4.句中介词及动词、 名词、 形容词、 副词等的搭配的正确运用。考点七：连 词1并列句中，并列连词的正确运用，有无遗漏并列连词的状况。2. 复合句中， 附属连词的正确运用3.主语从句和同位语从句前的连词是否遗漏。4.连词之间的误用， 尤其是if和whether之间的误用。考点八：从句及一样关系的误用的漏用，尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的that。6.主语从句后置时，形式主语it的正确运用7.if及whether的误用。8关系代词及关系副词的正确运用9先行词及定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一样。10关系代词的格的正确运用，尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。11关系副词及介词重复运用的状况。12.作主语的关系代词的漏用。13.非限制性定语从句的关系代词的正确运用。14定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外，多余的代词或副词的误用考点九：冠 词 1.两个不定冠词之间的误用。2.定冠词不定冠词之间的误用。3.冠词的漏用。 4.冠词的错用。第八部分：书面表达30分高三英语写作高分秘诀1句式要有改变： 复合句、并列句 倒装句1 虚拟语气中if省略      2only+状语置于句首3否认词置于句首          4地点副词置于句首 强调句型 It is that (who) 非谓语动词。 虚拟语气 固定句型构造tooto       sothat    such athat    not onlybut also  neithernor  such as      not until    so that      eitheror  干脆引语及间接引语多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列构造2要运用高等级词汇及短语 运用高等级词汇    运用短语   运用谚语   运用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, notat all; on the earth;  the very;    on earth等 运用修辞手法:明喻， 暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等as busy as a bee;       as proud as a peacock;   as blind as a bat. as cool as a cucumber 3. 运用连接词，过渡自然，连接穿顺，一挥而就1 用于按空间绽开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：above  before me     here    on the leftacross  below   in the distance  on the rightbeyond   nearby   opposite to  overalso   further   next to  on top ofup  down  close to   beneathunder  around   near to   along2) 用于按时间依次绽开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有soon,  then, suddenly,   at the same time,  next, early, this morning /year,  now,   after,  at present, later, afterwards finally, at last,  all of a sudden ,  at noon , in the morning/afternoon/evening 3) 用于按分析法绽开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有 first, second, etc.  now   for this purpose but  as a result  furthermore finally  at last  moreover also  therefore likewise another   for example  next yet   for instance  on the contrary once  in addition  in summary such   in this case  on the other hand then  otherwise   in conclusion thus     4) 用于按比较法绽开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有 another     moreover   in addition (to) equally important  too, also   at the same time besides   then   in the same way in fact  like,  similarly  5) 用于按比照法绽开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有on the contrary different from  on the other hand  in contrast to  despitein spite of, yet, but ,whereas, unlike nevertheless  not onlybutalso herethere years)one agotoday the formerthe latter thennow    someothers   onethe other   oncenow   on (the one handon the other hand(一方面另一方面) 6)逻辑关系递进: then(然后)， besides(还有)， furthermore(而且)， moreover(此外) 转折: however(然而)， but(但是)， on the country(相反)， after all(终归)总结: finally(最终)， at last(最终)， in brief(总之)， in conclusion(最终)。强调: indeed(的确)， certainly(确定)， surely(确定)， above all(尤其)。比照: in the same way(同样地)， just as(正如)， on the one handon the other hand4写作中运用率最高覆盖面最广的根本句式以下是短文写作中运用率最高、覆盖面最广的根本句式，每组句式的功能一样或相像，考生可依据自己的状况选择其中的12个，做到可以娴熟正确地仿写或套用。 、表示缘由 1There are three reasons for this 2The reasons for this are as follows 3The reason for this is obvious 4The reason for this is not far to seek 5The reason for this is that 6We have good reason to believe that 例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life There are three reasons for this这样写可以防止套用中的表达失误。 、表示好处 1It has the following advantages 2It does us a lot of good 3It benefits us quite a lot 4It is beneficial to us 5It is of great benefit to us 例如： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us 3、表示害处 1It has more disadvantages than advantages 2It does us much harm 3It is harmful to us 例如： However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television 4、表示重要、必要、困难、便利、可能 1It is importantnecessary，difficult，convenient， possiblefor sbto do sth 2We think it necessary to do sth 3It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age 5、表示措施 1We should take some effective measures 2We should try our best to overcomeconquerthe difficulties 3We should do our utmost in doing sth 4We should solve the problems that we are confrontedfacedwith 例如： The