新视野第三册18单元SectionB答案讲解.docx

Key To ExercisesUnit 1 Section BII CBDDADACIII 1. hollow 2. considerate 3. rival 4. elastic 5. paralleling 6. inspire 7. manipulate 8. acknowledged 9. soaring 10.respective IV 1. on 2. apart 3. with 4. along 5. on 6. into 7. of 8. between 9. up 10.of Unit 2 Section BII DBDCACAAIII 1.implying 2plicated 3.obstacle 4.exhibited 5.possess 6.multiplied 7.equip 8.speculate 9.concentrating 10.strengthen IV 1 applied to 2 In response to 3 is associated with 4 in contrast to 5 in the same way that 6 attributed to 7 go through 8 engage in 9 benefited greatly from 10 stems fromUnit 3 Section BCultural Differences in Western and Japanese Decision-Making日本与西方决策方式中的文化差异 练习：看看汉语怎么说？complex cultural forces 困难的文化因素 L2 contemporary life 现代生活 L3come to grips with 着手解决（问题）或应付（挑战）L3analyze the direction-taking or decision-making process分析取向或决策过程 L5a confrontation situation 对峙局面 L17reduce confrontation and achieve harmany 削减对峙，谋求与谐 L 21consensus opinion 一样共识 L221. bottom-up direction 由下而上 L222. private enterprises 私人企业 L24government ministries 政府部门 L 24fall through 失败，成为泡影 L32press for a specific decision 要求详细决策 L38lag behind 落后 L42finance and securities 金融与证券业 L49the paper traffic jam 交易单流通堵塞 L51sincere concern for quality 对质量的真正关切 L58in a pinch 必要时 L59take measures 实行措施 L 61convert to 变更成 L65a willingness to exert oneself 情愿努力 L66Detailed Study of the Text （17 key points）1. complex (Para 1): a. 1) 复合的，困难的听题-The company has a very complex organization structure.2) difficult to understand or explain 难以理解的，困难的听题- She has a very complex personality and sometimes I feel I don't know her at all.她特性困难, 有时我觉得根本无法理解她.看题-问题如此困难时. 不能渴望有简洁的解决方法. You can't expect to find a simple solution when the problem is so complex. n. 1) a group or set of things, esp. buildings, designed for a particular purpose e.g. a shopping complex 购物中心 a sports complex 体育馆 2) a mental problem that causes sb. to worry or be upset about sth. e.g. an inferiority complex 自卑情结 2. grip (Para 1) n. 1) C the force to control限制，支配听题- The enemies have tightened their grip on the city. 敌人已经加强了他们对这座城市的限制。看题- 总统牢牢限制着国家的外交政策。The president keeps a firm grip on his country's foreign policy. 2) C a firm hold of sth.紧握，抓牢听题-The thief would not let go his grip on my handbag. 小偷抓住我的手提包不放。看题-那个登山者手一松，摔了下去。The climber relaxed her grip and fell.vt 1) take and keep a firm hold of (sth./sb.)握紧，抓牢听题-The baby gripped my finger with her tiny hand. 这个婴儿用她的小手抓紧我的手指。看题-恐惊占据了他的心。Fear gripped his heart. 2) seize the attention, imagination, etc. of (sb.) 吸引的留意力或想像力等听题-The book gripped my attention. 这本书引起了我的留意。看题-从这部电影起先的那一刻起我就被它吸引住了。I was gripped by the film from the moment it started. come to grips with: start dealing with (a problem, etc.)in an effective way 着手解决问题听题-The government is still trying to come to grips with inflation. 政府还在努力解决通货膨胀的问题。3. superior (Para 3)a. 1) better, stronger, etc. than sb./sth. else优于，强于听题- She is greatly superior to her husband in education and sensitivity. 她比她丈夫受过更多的教化，也更敏感。 2) better than average优良的，卓越的听题-We chose her for the job because she was superior. 我们选她做这份工作是因为她很优秀。看题-我们学校供应优质教化。Our school provides a superior education. 3) higher in rank 上级的听题- Ill report you to your superior class.我要向你的上级告你！n. C a person of higher rank, esp. in a job上级，上司看题-哈利斯托克斯是公司总裁，也是我的顶头上司The company president, and my immediate superior, is Harry Stokes. 4. inferior (Para 3): a. lower in rank, social position, importance, quality, etc. 级别低的，社会地位低的；次要的，次等的听题- He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to him. 他宠爱与才智上不如他的人为伍。 看题- 便宜没好货。 Cheaper goods are generally of inferior quality. n. C a person of lower rank, esp. in a job 下级，下属听题- It was a gentleman's duty to be always polite, even to his inferiors. 绅士理应有礼貌，即使是对比自己地位低的人。看题-假如你想要下属敬重你，你得先敬重他们If you want to get respect from your inferiors, you have to respect them first. 5. set up (Para 5): cause or produce 造成，产生听题-This wet weather sets up the ache in my old wound. 这种潮湿的天气使我感到旧伤难过。看题-华尔街股市的暴跌引起了全世界股市的连锁反应The sudden fall on Wall Street set up a chain reaction in stock markets around the world. 6. consensus (Para 7): n. C, U (usu. sing.) generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people共同看法,（意见等的）一样看题-办公室成员一样认为他在工作中无所作为。The consensus in the office is that he's useless at his job. 听题-There is no consensus among the experts on some foods. Advice changes depending on whom you listen to. 专家们对某些食物的看法并不一样。各有各的说法，要看你听谁的。7. be true of (Para 7): be valid, relevant, or applicable to 听题- -The same is true of all other cases. 其他情形也都这样。 看题-我承认婚姻没有了浪漫, 但也确定, 许多夫妇都这样。 I accept that the romance may have gone out of the marriage, but surely this is true of many couples. 留意 be true to: be loyal to e.g. David was true to his wife. 大卫忠于自己的妻子。 She has been true to her word. 她没有食言。 8. consult (Para 8) vt. 1) go to sb. for information, advice, etc. 请教，询问，找协商听题-I'm going to consult my best friend on the matter. 听题- Have you consulted your doctor about your illness 2) go to a book, etc. for information查阅，查看听题-Most of my students are able to consult English dictionaries for unknown words. 我的大部分学生能够用英语词典查找生词consult: vi. exchange opinion, information, etc. 交换意见，协商听题- He consulted with his partners before taking action. 他行动前与合伙人进行了协商。9. fall through (Para 10): fail to be completed; come to nothing 失败，成为泡影听题-Our holiday plans fell through because of transport strikes. 由于交通系统罢工，我们的休假支配成了泡影。看题-该支配耗资过于巨大，结果落空了。The plan fell through when it proved too costly.10. press for (Para 11): make repeated and urgent requests for 反复请求，紧急要求听题- The unions are pressing for improved working conditions. 工会一再要求改善工作条件。看题-新闻记者不断督促政府供应详细状况。The newspaper reporters have been pressing the government for more details. 11. lag behind (Para 12): move, advance or develop slowly; fall behind 走得慢，落后听题-In steel production, they lag behind the rest of Europe. 他们在钢铁产量方面落后于欧洲其他国家。 看题-他为了抽烟有意落在后面。He deliberately lagged behind so he could have a cigarette. 12. sophisticated (Para 15) a. 1) complicated困难的，尖端的听题-the sophisticated communication systems 困难的沟通体系 看题-我不会操作这种新的精密机器。 I cant work this sophisticated new machine. 2) 世故的，老练的，精通的听题-Sophisticated readers understood the book's hidden meaning. 老练的读者理解了这本书隐含的含义。看题-她的谈话表明她是个世故的人Her conversation showed her to be very sophisticated.13. in a pinch (Para 16):if necessary but with some difficulty留意(American English. In British English we have at a pinch.) 必要时听题- We really need three but we could manage with two at a pinch. 我们的确须要三个,但必要时两个也可以应付. 看题-在紧要关头我可以借钱给你。 I can lend you money in a pinch. 14. convert to (Para 17): change to or use sth. else 听题-People as they grow older often convert to new ways of thinking. 随着年龄增长，人们经常变更思维方式。 Difficulties were caused when Britain converted to a decimal money system. 当英国改用十进制货币体系时，出现了许多困难。看题-电能很简洁地变成其他形式的能源吗？Does electricity convert easily to other forms of power 15. dismiss (Para 17): vt. 1) remove sb. from a position 解雇，开除听题- She was dismissed from her job for breaking the company safety regulations. He was dismissed for refusing to obey orders. 2) 放弃（想法, 感情等），不再考虑听题- He tried without success to dismiss the memory of her from his thoughts. 他试图把她忘掉，但做不到。看题-打消你头脑中的那些念头都是些疯狂的想法, 不 值得考虑。Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind they're crazy and not worth thinking about. 3) send away 解散，遣散听题-The teacher dismissed her class early. 16. provided (Para 17): conj. on the condition or understanding that 假如，假如听题-He says he'll go traveling provided you do too. 他说要是你也去旅游的话，他就去。看题-只要他们合适，我看不出为何他们不应再打四五年。Provided that they are fit I see no reason why they shouldnt go on playing for another four or five years. 17. exert (Para 17): vt. 1) make an effort努力，用力，尽力听题-She'll have to exert herself more than she does now if she wants to succeed in sales. 要想在销售方面成功，她将不得不加倍努力。exert oneself: make an effort 听题-They get so absorbed that they dont realize how much they're exerting themselves. 他们太专心致志了，以至未相识到自己是多么努力。 看题-她不必费劲就能以13秒的成果跑完100米。She can run 100 meters in 13 seconds without exerting herself. 看题- Please don't exert yourself, I can carry some things too. 请你别累坏了，我也可以扛些东西。2) 运用（实力或技巧），发挥听题- Parents exert a powerful influence on their children's opinions. 家长对孩子们的观点影响很大Unit 3 Section BII DACABABAIII 1 exert 2 analyzed 3 differ 4 consult 5 discarded 6 volume 7 delicate 8 convert 9 dismissed 10 flexibleIV 1. in, from 2. on 3. to 4. behind 5. From, to 6. between, up 7. for 8. to 9. from 10. throughUnit 4 Section B: Engelbreits the Name, Cute Is My Game恩格尔布赖特是我的名字，可爱是我的招牌课前练习：看看英语怎么说？拒绝某人 turn Sb. down变更某人的一生 transform ones life并非偶然 Its probably no accident that.一个穿工作裤的女孩 a young girl in overalls关注 with an eye to.一个说话尖刻的女人 a woman with an acid tongue美味的食物 comfort food不操劳 dont bother with sth.以投入到生活 plunge into ones life as.表达对的感谢 express ones gratitude for.一次去的倒霉之旅 a ill-fated trip to.某人脚踏实地 ones feet are planted firmly on the ground在多方面有起色 take off in many directionsDetailed Study of the Text：（ 33 key points）1.Mary Engelbreit was a talented but struggling artist in her mid-twenties when she flew to New York from her native Saint Louis, hoping to find work illustrating children's books her life's goal. (Para. 1) Meaning: When she flew to New York from her native land Saint Louis, Mary Engelbreit was a talented young artist who tried hard to succeed. Her hope at that time was to find work making pictures for children's books. That was also her life's goal. l saint: n. a very good or holy person who is given special respect after death by the Christian church如：听题 -My girlfriend must be a bit of a saint to put up with me. 我的女挚友必需像个圣人才能忍受我。Please note that when it is used as a title, saint is written with a capital letter, e.g Saint John. In the names of places,churches, etc., the short form St. is usually used, e.g. St. Andrew's Church. 2. when all the book publishers she visited turned her down. (Para. 1) Meaning: when all the book publishers she had been to refused to employ her. l turn sb./sth. down: refuse to accept sb./sth.如：听题 -Why was I turned down for the job 为什么不接受我做这项工作？I'm afraid your request for a pay rise was turned down again. 生怕你要求加工资的请求又被拒绝了。 3. One even suggested her drawings might be better suited to greeting cards. (Para. 1) Meaning: One of the publishers even told her that her pictures were more suitable for greeting cards. l be suited to: be suitable for sb./ sth.如：听题 -Do you think David is suited to teaching 你认为大卫适合教书吗？Jim and Mary seem suited to each other, in spite of their quarrels. 吉姆与玛丽好像是天生的一对，尽管他们会吵架。Some people are simply not suited to the competitive world. 有些人就是不适合这个竞争的世界。 4. "I was crushed",Engelbreit admits. (Para. 2) Meaning: “I was badly upset,” Engelbreit admits. (or "My heart was broken," Engelbreit admits.) l crush: vt. l 1) press sth. very hard so that it is broken 如：听题 -Don't pack the cakes at the bottom of the box or they'll get crushed. 不要把糕饼放在盒底，否则会压碎的。Their car was crushed by a truck. 他们的车被一辆卡车压坏了。l 2) upset or shock sb. badly如：听题 -He has almost been crushed by failures. 他几乎被失败击垮了。His hopes were crushed by the chairman's remarks. 主席的一席话使他的渴望破灭了。l 3) defeat sb. or sth. completely如：听题 -They were determined to crush the enemies of their country. 他们决心击败与祖国为敌的人。The rebellion was crushed by the government forces. 政府军队已把叛乱镇压下去。 5. Greeting cards seemed a come-down from her high expectations, but the advice stayed with her, and she decided to give it a try. (Para. 2) Meaning: She didn't expect to draw greeting cards at all for she had aimed very high, but in spite of the disappointment, she took the advice and decided to have a try at greeting cards. l come-down: n. (also comedown) loss of importance or social position; a fall or reduction如：听题 -She used to have servants: now she finds it a come-down to have to do the work herself. 她过去雇有佣人，现在她得自己干活，觉得很委屈。 6. The results transformed her life forever. (Para. 2) Meaning: As a result, she achieved such great success in greeting cards that it changed her life forever. (or The results of her trying were so wonderful that they changed her life forever.) 7. Today Mary Engelbreit sells an astonishing 14 million greeting cards a year. (Para. 3) Meaning: Today Mary Engelbreit sells 14 million greeting cards a year, which is a surprising figure. l astonish: vt. surprise sb. greatly 如：听题 -Her dedication constantly astonishes me. 她的不遗余力往往令我惊异。She astonished everybody by announcing her engagement. 她宣布自己订婚了，让大家特殊惊异。They were astonished to find the driver was a six-year-old boy. 他们惊异地发觉，司机竟然是个六岁的男孩。l astonishing: a. surprising如：听题 -astonishing news 令人惊异的消息an astonishing display of physical strength 令人惊异的体力展示It's astonishing; he's learned Latin in three months! 真是令人惊异，他竟然只用三个月就学会了拉丁语。 8. She runs a retail company with shops in nine cities (16 more are planned), and her products are carried by 25,000 retailers. (Para. 3) Meaning: She runs a company that sells goods to the public. The company has its shops in nine cities (and is planning to have another 16 shops). l retail: n. the activity of selling goods to the public, usu. in small quantities如：听题 -the recommended retail price 建议零售价Retail sales grew just 3.8 percent last year. 零售额去年仅增长了3.8%。The opposite of retail is wholesale. 零售的反义词是批发。 9. Annual retail sales are in the $100 million range all as a result of that fateful, disappointing trip to New York. (Para. 3) Meaning: The range of retail sales per year is about $100 million. All this results from that important trip to New York that disappointed her at first. l annual: a. l 1) for the period of one year如：听题 -The annual death rate in the United States is 11. 美国人口的年死亡率为千分之十一。What's your annual income？你的年收入是多少？l 2) happe