贸易 英语自考外刊经贸知识选读 通关宝典.docx

外刊经贸学问选读 通关宝典Lesson OneChinas Foreign Trade.Basic words in journals of economy andtrade and their usages1.pattern n. 式样，样品，方式，方针(1)These patterns are quite popular in the international market.这些产品的款式是目前国际市场上比拟流行的。(2)A complete range of patterns was sent to you by express airmail yesterday.全套样品已于昨天以航空特快寄给贵方。(3)Each trade in each country has its own patterns of sales channels.任何国家的任何交易都有它自己的销售渠道方式。(4)These patterns of trade are changing.这些贸易方针正在改变。2.contract n. 合同，合约(1)Contracts have been signed but work hasnt begun yet.合同已经签订，但工程还没开场。(2)We will have the contract ready for signature.我们将备好合约待签。v.缩小，收缩(1)The volume of foreign trade contracted sharply during past two years.过去两年间，对外贸易额大幅下降。(2)Metals contract as they become cool.金属冷却则收缩。3.account n. 账目，账户，账单，会计科目(1)The account will be used for payment under letters of credit, collection orders and remittances.本账户用于信誉证、托收和汇款的结算。(2)The account sales of your parcel shall be forwarded in my next letter.贵公司寄售商品的销售账单，我们将于下次函寄。v.说明，说明(1)The costs and expenses shall be accounted for and borne separately by both parties.本钱和费用分别由双方说明分担。(2)Bank shall account for all shares of stock and cash held by it.银行将说明其持有的股票和现金。4.item n. 货品，工程，条目(1)Please quote your lowest price for the items listed below.请报下表中货品最低价。(2)Your breakdown doesnt contain item prices.贵方的价格划分不包括工程价格。(3)The computer at our data processing center can read all encoded items automatically.我们的数据处理中心的计算机能自动地读出全部的译码条目。5.deficit n. 赤字，逆差，亏损(1)Large deficits can have a disturbing effect on a countrys national economy.巨额逆差会对一个国家的经济产生不利影响。(2)A drastic change in the foreign exchange rate could cause a deficit.外汇汇率的宏大变动会造成亏损。(3)The US balance of payments deficit went up last year.美国国际收支逆差去年又有上升。6.decline v./n. 下降，减弱；婉言回绝(1)The joint company, even with its cost advantages, saw its profits decline by 30%.该合营公司尽管消费本钱很低，但其利润仍下降了30%。(2)He declined to discuss his plan with the newspapermen.他谢绝了与新闻记者探讨他的支配。(3)He examined the causes of the decline in sales.他查找销售下降的缘由。(4)A gradual decline in the market sector has resulted in a fall in share prices.市场疲软导致股价下跌。7.expect v. 期盼，意料，意料，期望，希望(1)Daily fluctuations in the money market rate are expected.资金市场利率的日波动状况已在意料之中。(2)We expected a fall in profits last year as our costs nearly doubled.去年我们意料利润要下降，因为费用几乎翻了一番。(3)We expect you to do your utmost to achieve the highest possible degree of market penetration for our products.盼望贵公司尽最大努力为我方产品获得最高可能的市场浸透率。8.surplus n. 盈余，顺差，剩余物质(1)Mergers produce surplus properties.合并导致财产过剩。(2)If Japans current account surplus increases further it will cause even more instability in the world economy.假设日本常常工程顺差进一步增加,则世界经济将更加不稳定。(3)This company passively exports its surpluses.这家公司将剩余产品作消极出口。9.transfer v./n. 转让，转运，转移，转账(1)The technology was transferred by a licensing agreement.这项技术是依据特许权协议转让的。(2)A transfer of rights to a partys subsidiary is often allowed in a contract.合同中一般都注明允许将权利转给一方的子公司。(3)I wonder whether the tax authorities advised you about transfer prices.我想问问，税务机构是否把转账价通知了你。10.undertake v. 担当，承办，担保(1)The insurance company will undertake to compensate you for the losses according to the risks covered.保险公司将依据投保担当赔偿损失。(2)A project should be undertaken if its benefits exceed its costs.假设一项工程的利益大于其费用，那么就应当承接。(3)The buyer shall undertake to charter the carrying vessel.买方负责租船。11.buoyant a. 趋于上升的Even during buoyant economic growth,unemployment remains as high as 10%.即使在经济持续增长时，失业率仍高达10%。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.national income国民收入2.EEC(European Economic Community) 欧共体3.mostfavored nation treatment(status) 最惠国待遇4.visible trade account 有形贸易收支5.minister without portfolio 不管部长6.balance of payments 国际收支7.invisible account 无形贸易收支8.current account 常常工程9.central bank 中央银行10.countertrade 反向贸易11.joint venture 合资企业12.OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) 经济合作和开展组织13.Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行14.nonbank trade related credits 指买方信贷，卖方信贷等Lesson TwoChinas Absorption of Foreign Direct Investment.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.incentive n. 刺激，激励，动力(1)Investment incentives are another consideration.投资激励是另一个要考虑的因素。(2)The drive to increase profit will act as an incentive to efficiency.多赚利润的动机将成为进步效率的动力。(3)The cash discount given on this bill is an incentive to pay the bill on date due.对此账单赐予现金折扣是为了激励按期付款。2.introduce v. 介绍，引进，采纳，提出China has introduced some complete sets of modern equipment from abroad.中国从国外引进了一些成套现代化设备。3.sale n. 销售，销售量，交易，拍卖(1)We can increase sales without increasing expenses.我们可以增加销量而无需增加费用。(2)Sales are unlikely to rise above 40 million.销售量不行能超过4000万。(3)Sales on credit are often referred to as sales on account or charge sales.赊销常指赊账销售或记账销售。(4)The whole of their expensive stock of silks and velvets is now on sale at prime cost.他们正以进货价清仓处理昂贵的丝织品和天鹅绒。4.repay v. 还钱，归还(1)This company is reliable in repaying debts.该公司在还债方面很讲信誉。(2)In two years time the credit will be repaid.贷款将在两年内归还。5 bine v./n. 结合，合并，结合企业(1)A joint venture is a system which cleverly combines the opportunities and advantages of doing business abroad.合营是一种明智的制度，它把从事国外贸易的机遇和优越条件结合在一起。(2)The two businesses combined to make one large firm.这两家企业合并建成了一家大公司。(3)The combine controls the price rigidly.该结合企业牢牢地限制着价格。6.preferential a. 优先的，实惠的，优待的(1)Id like them to give us preferential payment terms.盼望他们能供给应我们实惠的付款条件。(2)Singapore is a less developed area whose products have preferential access to world markets.新加坡是一个不兴旺的地区，其产品能优先进入世界市场。7.preference n. 优先权，实惠(1)Preference shares generally carry a fixed rate of dividend.优先股一般都有固定股息率。(2)As you know, preference is usually given to established importers.正如大家所知，实惠通常是赐予经营多年的老进口商的。8.operation n. 经营，营业，业务(1)The enterprise has been in operation for two years.该企业已经营两年了。(2)Speculators are essential for operation of a future market.投机商对期货市场的运营至关重要。(3)The banks buying operations has affected the market.银行的吃进，对市价已产生了影响。9.waive v. 放弃，免除，撤回(1)As this offer has been waived, it is not binding upon us now.由于该盘已经撤回，其对双方均无约束力了。(2)We are prepared to waive our claim for freight compensation on the short weight of the goods.我们打算撤回因短装货物而提起的运费索赔。10.(be) entitled (to) v. 受权，赐予资格(1)The shareholders shall be entitled to appoint directors of the Joint Company.股东有权任命合营公司的董事。(2)You would be entitled to a 20 percent discount on orders of ten or more copies of Business Management.订购工商管理十册或以上可享受20%的折扣。11.authority n. 当局，受权，权威(1)Such credits will be the subject of separate arrangement by the concerned authorities of the two contracting parties.此类信贷由缔约双方有关当局另行支配。(2)The First Party has full right, power and authority to sublet the premises.甲方享有全权转租此房产。(3)We shall be glad if you will issue an identification to the authority.假设贵方能出具证明给当局，我们将特别兴奋。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.bamboo curtain 竹幕2.the Special Economic Zone(SEZ) 经济特区3.capital goods 资本货物4.cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业5.ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)经济技术开发区6.technology transfer 技术转让7.foreignexchange reserves 外汇储藏8.preferential tax rate 实惠税率Lesson ThreeChinas Opened Economy.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.boom v./n. 旺盛，景气 (1)Japan has long been favored by a business boom.日本长期以来受到商业好景气之惠。(2)Business is booming these days.近来商业突然旺盛起来。2.dominant a. 最有权力的，重要的，占优势的(1)Efficiency is the dominant idea in enterprise.在企业中，高效率是最重要的观念。(2)He is the dominant partner in the enterprise.他是这家企业最有实力的股东。3.record n. 记录，档案，记载(1)Domestic sales rose in the first quarter to a new record of 82 million.第一季度的国内销售额上升到8200万英镑的新记录。(2)They have kept full, accurate and complete records of all the business transactions.他们保存了全部交易的全部、精确、完好的档案。 v.记录，登记We have recorded our bad debts with other companies for six months.我们已登记了6个月来我方与其他公司交易的呆账。4.renewal n. 更新，重新开场，换新We are delighted at the renewal of negotiations.我们对复原会谈感到兴奋。5.renew v. 更新，延期，接着(1)Wed like to renew our sole agency agreement for another two years.我们想把我们之间的独家代理协议延长两年。(2)Please renew offer until March 23,4 pm.请在3月23日下午4点前重新报价。6.stake n. 股本，股份，投资When the share price rises, I raise my stake in the company.股价上涨时，我就增加在该公司的股本。7.worth a./n. 值，价值，财宝(1)The recent changes of market conditions are well worth noticing.近来市场状况的改变很值得留意。(2)Many “error coins” are worth little more than face value.很多“错币”的价值与其面值相差无几。8.branch n. 分店，分行，分支机构(1)I am afraid the documents were sent to the branch of our bank by mistake.唯恐单据被误送到我们银行的分行去了。(2)As the volume of our trade with China is constantly increasing, we have this day opened a new branch in Beijing.由于本公司与中国贸易的不断增长，今日我们在北京又开设了一家分公司。9.climb v. 上升，增长，上升(1)Last years retail price index climbed back into 12 percent.去年零售价指数上升了12个百分点。(2)Their company has climbed to No.1 position in the computer market.他们公司在计算机市场领域的地位已经上升为第一。10.moribund a. 停滞不前的；凋敝的While exports are reasonably robust,domestic consumption remains moribunda sign of the countrys common anxiety about the future.当出口业相当稳定时，国内消费却停滞不前预示着一个国家对将来的普遍担忧。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.per capita 按人均计算的，人均2.Gross national product (GNP) 国民消费总值3.Punitive import tariff 惩处性进口关税4.Securities and real estate markets 证券及房地产市场5.“Greater China”trade bloc “大中华”贸易集团,又称“华人经济区”(Chinese Economic Area, CEA)6.hightech, highwage economy 高技术，高工资经济7.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)关税及贸易总协定8 mercial hub 商业活动的中心9.preferred status 优先权Lesson FourThe World Economy.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.stagnate v. 停滞，不开展The governments own figures show that manufacturing output has stagnated throughout the period.政府的数据说明这一阶段的消费产量已停滞。2.aggregate v. 合计(1)The 3 invoice values aggregate 2,000. 三项发票金额合计为2 000美元。(2)The abovementioned two contracts aggregate a sum of 60,000 for the price difference of totally 8,000 metric tons of Aluminum Ingots. 以上两合同8000公吨铝锭的差价共计60000美元。n. 总计The amount is RMB ￥20,000 in the aggregate.金额总计是人民币20000元。a. 总的，合计的(1)What was the aggregate number of the contracts last year去年合同的总数目是多少？(2)A balance of payments deficit means that the aggregate debit items exceed credit items.国际收支逆差是指借项总额大于贷项总额。3.advance v. 提早；进步；提出(1)Your office asked us to advance shipment of the first lot to April.你公司曾要求我们将第一批货物的装运期提早至4月。(2)As the price has now advanced, we can not accept a repeat order.由于目前价格上涨，我们不能承受上次条件的续订货。(3)You may be sure whatever comments or opinions you are going to advance will receive our immediate and careful attention.请信任，你们提出的任何建议或意见，我们都将快速而仔细地考虑。 a. 预先的The enclosed copy of the invoice will give you advance information of the consignment.随函附上的发票副本可在事前让你们理解这些货物的状况。n.前进，（价格等）进步(1)Owing to the sharp advance (rise, increase) in world market prices, we have to adjust our selling prices to the new situation.由于国际市场价格猛涨，我们不得不依据新状况调整售价。(2)Its not difficult for us to book the necessary shipping space in advance.我们事前预订所须要的舱位没有困难。4.consecutive a. 按时间依次的，连续的 (1)All the relevant documents have been dispatched to us by two consecutive airmails.一切有关的单证都已经连续两次空邮给了我们。(2)They spent 3 consecutive summers in Paris.他们连续在巴黎度过了3个夏天。5.slump n. 下降，暴跌；不景气，萧条 (1)When there is a slump in a country, it is difficult to do trade, and many people are out of work.当一个国家经济萧条时，很难做贸易，而且很多人都会失业。(2)The recent slump in the market here makes it unavoidable for us to cancel the remainder of our order.最近本地市场行情暴跌，使我们不得不撤销订货中的剩余局部。6.finance n. 财政 He is trying to raise the finance to open another company.他试图筹措资金再成立一家公司。v. 融资，为筹措资金，供资金给(1)He finally found a backer who would finance the whole operation.他最终找到了一位情愿为整个支配供给资金的支持者。(2)We are pleased to know that you will arrange for us a credit to finance this import business.我们很兴奋地得知你们将为我们支配信贷，为这笔进口业务供给资金。7.depreciate v. 跌价，贬值，折旧(1)The price of crude oil has greatly depreciated now.如今原油的价格已大跌。(2)When the adjusters assess the loss or damage, they will take into account the depreciated value of the goods or property.当理算师估算损失或损坏状况时，就会考虑货物或财产的折余价值。8.adverse a. 不利的，相反的The price fluctuations of the raw materials have produced adverse effects upon the manufacturers.原材料的价格波动已对制造厂商产生了不利的影响。9.devaluation n. (货币)贬值 Devaluation will strengthen the export market. 货币贬值将加强出口市场。10.in a row连续In 1991, for the second year in a row, the economies of lowincome and middleincome countries virtually stagnated.自1990年以来，低收入及中等收入国家的经济已连续两年停滞不前了。11.robust v. 强健的；强有力的The US economy is now much more robust.美国经济目前稳固多了。.Basic phrases and expressions in journals of economy and trade1.GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国内消费总值2.Gulf Crisis海湾危机3.the G7the Group of Seven七国集团4.deinflationary policies反通胀政策5.hard currency硬通货6 modity market商品市场7.nominal (dollar) terms名义（美元）价8.constant (dollar) terms不变（美元）价格9.antiinflationary monetary policy反通货膨胀货币政策10.European Monetary System (EMS)欧洲货币体系11.debt restructuring债务调整12.direct investment干脆投资13.portfolio investment证券投资14.the Gulf countries海湾国家15.per capita income人均收入Lesson FiveOn the US Strategy & Policy in Trade.Basic words in journals of economy and trade and their usages1.discrimination n. 差异待遇； 卑视(1)Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is usually done by means of tariffs.对外国货的差异待遇通常是借关税来实现的。(2)Is there no trade discrimination to be felt in US在美国贸易卑视感觉不到吗？2.retaliate v. 报复If we raise our import duties on their goods, they may retaliate against us.假设我们进步他们货物的进口税，他们可能向我们报复。3.impose v. 加税于；强迫使某人承受(1)New taxes were imposed on wines and spirits.酒类加增了新税。(2)The government imposed a special duty on oil.该国政府对石油征收特殊税。(3)A country may control its economy by imposing import restriction. 一个国家可通过施加进口限制来管理经济。4.sanction n. 制裁;惩处 Sanctions were imposed for six months and then lifted.制裁施行了6个月后就取消了。5.escalate v. 增加；晋级 This summer, many air conditioner makers cut the prices of their products by up to 20%, and that campaign has escalated into a price war. 今年夏天，很多空调消费厂家对他们产品的价格下调高达20%，这一活动已晋级为一场价格大战。6.bargain n. 索价廉价、卖得廉价或买得廉价的货物 (1)You drive a hard bargain, can we meet each other halfway你一股劲地还价，可否折中一下？(2)Property sold by an employer to an employee at a bargain price is taxable.顾主廉价卖给雇员的财产应纳税。v. 讨价、还价We bargained with the merchant for an expensive coat.我们和老板讲价想买一件昂贵的外衣。7.friction n. 摩擦The major economic friction between US and EU lies in steel imports and exports. 美国和欧盟的主要经济摩擦在于钢材的进出口问题。8.priority n. 占优先的位置；须要优先考虑的事物(1)Keeping the high cost of energy down is a top priority for every business. 使昂扬的能源费用降下来，是每家企业的头等大事。(2)Your parcels will get priority treatment