八年级下英语外研版全部知识点总复习.docx
外研版八年级英语下册短语学问点集MODULE1五种简洁句歌决英语简洁句,五种构造型,缩简句子后,构造自清晰,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关及主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,那么是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to,for记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完好,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。1、 主语+不及物动词SV不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完好。2、主语+系动词+表语SVP系动词:be ,look, seem ,become, feel , get ,turn ,grow, smell ,taste , keep, sound 3、主语及物动词宾语SVO4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+干脆宾语SVOO干脆宾语在前,加for或to连接间接宾语。give, show , send, bring , pass, lend ,leave ,hand , feel, return, promise ,refuse, throw 用to.make ,buy ,do ,get ,play ,order, sing, pay用for .5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语SVOC6、there be 句型。tidy up 整理, fan扇,fan oneself ,给某人自己扇风,fan the flame煽动心情, a movie fan , 影迷, un反义前缀,tidy-untidy, happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortable at least至少, 祈使句,确定以动词原形开头,反问用will you /wont you,否认用Dont +动词原形,反问用will you ,Lets 用shall wetake up占据,代词放中间 take away拿走 ,take sth. back,收回某物 take .to 把带到.take off脱 下,起飞 take place发生 ,take a rest 休息一下, a bit ,a little ,作状语形/副时可互换a bit of =a little,有点儿,修饰不行数名词 on time按时 , in time刚好 , from time to time有时 ,a long time很长时间 , for the first time首次,have a good time ,玩得欢乐be/get /become interested in 主语是人,某人对某事产生爱好指人的不定代词: somebody/someone, everybody /everyone , anybody/anyone, nobody/no one 指物的不定代词,anything, something, everything, nothing play the violin ; ,play +the+乐器, play+球,世上独一无二的加the前面出现过词的再次出现时用themake+宾语+宾语补足语(使.处于某种状态,地位)make sb. do sth.使某人做某事,make sb/sth + 形 使某人/某物 后接动词不定式作宾语,不要to 的有,一感feel,二听hear, listen to,三让have, let, make,四看see, look at ,watch ,notice,半扶植help,make sb. sth=make sth for sb.为某人做某事, make money赚钱,make a living谋 生, make trouble引起费事, make friends with sb.及某人交挚友, make war 开战, make a fire生火, make a face做鬼脸,make .from用.制成用被动 be made of用.制成用被动 make fun of 取笑,及开玩笑, make room for 为让地方, make up 编造, make up ones mind 决心,拿定办法,如今完成时:表过去发生或已经完成的某一动作,对如今造成的影响和结果,或持续到如今的动作。常用词语already, yet ,ever ,never, just ,before, for + some time ,since,at the end of 在终点,在末尾,时间,位置 by the end of =not later thanby the end of 到末为止,+过去时间,用于过去完成时by the end of+如今时间,用于如今完成时,in the end =at last =finally,最终end动词 up with以完毕, come to an end 告终,完毕 , begin with以开头 , sth happen to sb某事发生在某人身上 happen to do sth.碰巧发生某事 take place发生,意料中发生的事, happen是偶尔发生的, be famous for因.而知名,(外界客观)be famous as作为.而知名,(本身身份) be good for 对有益 be good at擅长, a collection of.的保藏 ,have/ take an interest in 对某事感爱好, give an interview,会面,做访谈as a result结果, as a result of 由于,因为,also 也,确定句中,too也,确定/疑问句,句末,逗号,either也,否认,句末,逗号, as well也,确定,句末, be sure确信,信任, in life一生中, all ones life一生,终身 buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb think about考虑,思索,想起, think of想起 think over思索look after=take care of =care for,照看 look over, 检查,查看, look for找寻, look up 查找/向上看, be popular with,受的欢迎 when , while, as的用法:when可引用可持续性和非持续性,主从句的动词是非持续性,只用when while引用可持续性,主从句的动词是可持续性,只用whileas常 用于同时发生的be useful to/for 对.有用, be useful in (for )doing sth,有助于useful 反义词useless ,比较级前加more ,最高级前加most ,develop ,名词development ,developing 开展中.developed 兴盛的,success名词 ,succeed动词, successful形容词 ,successfully副词, failure失败someothers没有范围的“一些另一些,但不是全体,somethe others某一范围的 “一些.其他的,表全体,one .another不定数目中的“一个另一个one .the other两者中的“一个另一个spend: sb. spend (s) some money on sth. sb. spend(s) some time on sth.sb. spend(s) some money (in) buying sth.sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.pay: sb. pay(s) some money for sth.cost: sth cost sb. some moneytake : It takes sb. some time to do sthIt takes sb .some money to buy sth .Its +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth .外界缘由,Its +adj. +of sb. +to do sth .人的品质,remember/forget to do sth.想起/遗忘要做某事,remember/forget doing sth.想起/遗忘做过某事。 in the way 以这种方式, long ago很久以前,start ,begin当用于进展时,后用to +V原,主语是物时,后用+to V原,such as 像,例如, for example 句首,句中,用逗号隔开,缩写e.g, as well as连接两一样的内容 , come out 出版 ,开放,出现,probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首, maybe可能性很小,口语, 句首perhaps或许 句首,句中what do you think of =how do you likeshow sb .sth =show sth to sb. try/do ones best (to do sth) 尽某人的最大努力(做某事), try out试验 , try on 试穿 a piece of music一首乐曲,动词后只跟 V-ing 的有:finish ,practice ,mind ,feel like ,miss ,keep, pardon, excuse ,suggest consider, give up ,cant help, 主语是人need to do sth 须要做某事,, 主语是物need doing须要被做某事,dress sb给某人穿衣 , dress oneself 自己穿衣be/get dressed in=dress in +衣服或颜色 , find out查明,就近原那么: not onlybut also ,不仅.而且 eitheror .不是就是,或者.或者neithernor 既不也不,there be 动词以最近的主语为标准 MODULE 2 宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。引导词展示关:1. 宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;2. 特别疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;3. 一般疑问句改成的,用连词if或whether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以交换。不能省略。语序应用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语动词在后,带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,及从句无关。主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号时态照应:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般如今时或将来时,从句不受影响,依据从句自身的状况选用时态。2.主句是过去时,从句也确定用过去的某种时态一般过去时、过去进展时等3.从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等,任何时候都用一般如今时。以Could you tell me ./ would you tell me .开头的不能用过去时态。否认转移:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose等时,主句的主语是又是第一人称,人句表示的否认意义转移到主句,反问句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。转换“变脸关:一些动词:tell, know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接连接副词+不定式连接副词why除外也就是疑问词+动词不定式to实行会议hold a meeting; 不挂断等一下hold the line ,hold on, if当“是否讲时引导的是宾语从句,该用将来时就用将来时。E.g I dont care if it will rain.if当“假如讲时引导的是条件状语从句。主句是一般将来时,从句用一般如今时。 I will have a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 接近于close to , 停顿,关闭close down hear of/about听说;hear from sb,收到某人的来信; hear, see, watch, notich, 后跟V-原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing表示正在发生。In加一段时间,常用用将来时will,用how soon 提问。be different from及.不同; be excited about对.感到兴奋/冲动;为什么不做某事呢,做.怎么样?Why don't you do that=why not do that提建议:Let's do sth! Shall we/I do sth What (how) about doing sthsometime过去或将来某个时候,用于过去时或将来时;some time一段时辰表,some times几次, 几倍, sometimes 有时常用于一般如今时/一般过去时。alone 强调单独的个体,多作表语。 lonely表示感情上的孤独。laugh at sb.讪笑某人, laugh oneself to death笑得要死;worry about sb/sth.担忧某人/某事;be worried about=worry about担忧的,忧虑的; as usual照常,像平常一样;than usual较平常. a unusual man一个不寻常的人, pass by过去人从旁而过pass on (to)接着前进,传递;touch sb to the heart.触动某人的心弦, be in touch with及.接触;keep in touch with及.保持联络; get in (into) touch with及.获得联络;lose touch with及.失去联络, touch off触发,激起。It doesn't matter.没关系; the matter费事事;no matter how(what, when ,where.)不管怎样什么,哪里,何时.How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;how much多少,用于不行数名词数量或价格提问,how old 多大,对年龄进展提问;how long多长,多久,对一段时间和物体长度进展提问,how tall多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人和树;how often多久,对事物的频率进展提问,如对这些提问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month等how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in+一段时间提问how far多远,对间隔 进展提问。how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;be afraid of doing sth.担忧,胆怯发生某种后果; be afraid to do sth be afraid that 从句make friends with sb.和某人交挚友, a piece of advice一条建议a piece of information一条信息; a piece of news一条新闻want to do sth=would like to do sth=feel like doing sth.想要做某事。not.any more=no more不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,not .any longer=no longer不再,表示时间上不再持续。 常语:Is that sb.(speaking) This is sb (speaking) Sb speaking/Speaking. May I speak to sb Hold on ,please. Can I take a meesage, pleaseWho is that /Who is calling expect to do sth,意料做某事 so much如此多,on one's way to在某人去.的路上by the way顺便说一下,in one's way 阻挡, in a(one) way某种程度上,在某点上 one's own某人自己的 , on ones own 某人自己/单独=by oneself=aloneno one 一般不及of连用,动词用单数,指人,但不详细指,常用来答复who/anyone/anybody引导的疑问句。none及of连用,动词可用单/复数,详细指什么人或物,用来答复how many +n./how much +n./any +n.引导的疑问句。nothing 指物,不用于人,动词用单数,用来答复anything ,what 引导的疑问句。give/take /follow/ask for a piece of advice.Would you like sth Yes ,please/No ,thanks.Would you like to do sth. Yes, I'd like/love to. have fundoing sth做某事很开心 call back回 ;call sb. back 给某人回 , hold the line请稍等,立即right now ,at once, right away , 刚刚just now.take a message for sb, 为某人捎信, leave a message for sb.为某人留口信。whether.or not是否 welcome to .欢迎来.in fact事实上, a couple of 几个,两个。be different from及.不同, be the same as .及.一样a pair of 一双,一对,是不能分开的,缺一不行, a couple of ,是同一类事物中相关的两个。 Good luck with.祝.顺当。Good luck to sb.表示祝某人幸运; early autumn初秋,late autumn晚秋, junior high school初级中学,far away遥远的,(be) far away from=(be) far from离.远 so far到如今为止,及如今完成时连用; turn back折回,往回走;without a word没有说话; get in touch with和.获得联络;keep in touch with和.保持联络 change ones life 变更某人的生活whats the matter with you=whats wrong with you=whats the trouble with you=Whats the problem with you?believe in sb.信任某人 at first起初;first of all首先,第一; so.that如此.以致于;tooto太而不能 take pride in以骄傲in public公开地,当众; at that time=at that moment在那时day by day一每天地turn back转身smile at 对微笑, laugh at sb讪笑某人play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑tell jokes 讲笑话if 及whether的用法:在ask,know,wonder等动词后引导一个宾语从句时,可以互换。1、引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,只能用whether2、假如其后接动词不定式,那么只能用whetherI cant make up my mind whether to go or not .3、用于介词之后时,只能用whether4、及or not 连接时,只用whether而不用if .5、if可引导条件状语从句,意为“假如,6、even if 和as if 中的if不能换成whetherMODULE 3动词不定式及动词的ing形式作宾语1、常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词。一些动词后面常跟不定式作宾语,如want ,agree, decide等。口诀:要想回绝遗忘 want , refuse ,forget须要努力学习 need , try , learn喜爱同意扶植 like, agree, hel渴望确定开始 hope ,wish ,decide, begin ,start2、常见的跟动词的ing形式作宾语的动词。 这些词主要有: finish, enjoy, ,practice等。完成 练习 值得忙 finish, practice, be worth , be busy,接着 习惯 别放弃 keep on ,be used to ,give up 考虑 建议 不禁 想 consider, suggest, cant help, feel like,喜爱 思念 要介意 enjoy, miss, mind3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式,也可以跟动词的ing形式作宾语,但意义差异很大。(1) forget to do sth. /forget doing sth.forget doing 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth 遗忘要做某事(2) remember to do sth.记着要做某事 remember doing记着做过某事everybody /everyone每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否认句中表示部分否认。thank sb.for sth(doing sth) =thanks for/thank you for sth(doing sth)为而向某人表示感谢,后加v-ing; take sb .around=show sb. around带着某人参观, look out (for)注意;当心 ,look at看 , look like 看起来,look for找寻, look after照看, look up 查找,向上看, look out of向外面看 ,look forward to渴望,期盼 , look over检查,Dont mention it不客气 ,Its my pleasure. Thats all right ./Youre welcome. /Not at all.用于回复别人的感谢。 keep 做某事,同/stop/prevent (from) doing sth.keep away使分开,,使不接近 keep back阻挡,留在后面keepin mind把记在心里 help sb. do sth 扶植某人做某事,help sb. with sth .在某方面扶植某人 canhelp oneself/ help oneself to sth自用或自取某物 report sth .to sb.把某事向某人汇报 would like/want, 想 would like to do sth.=want to sth. would you like =do you want Me ,too.我也是,前句是确定句。Me, either. 前句是否认句。prepare for为作打算watch ,see ,look at ,notice ,read 的区分:watch,指细致观看,看电视、球赛等 see 指探望某人,看电影,看医生等。look at 仅表示看这个动作。 notice 指间或看到;留意到;觉察到read指看书;看报。 the end of 的结尾agree with同意某人,同意某人的看法或观点,agree to对表示同意 agree on情愿;容许,认同 each other 两者之间的“彼此,互相one another 三者或三者以上之间“互相;彼此。look down向下看 , look down upon亵渎,看不起,look up to敬重;敬重 ,in radio在播音方面,Shouldnt you be at school是一个否认疑问句,用于表示惊异心情,答语和反问答复是一样的,针对事实作答。explain sth. to sb.向某人说明某事。When I was about four or five years old =at the age of four or five. 亲自in personask for要 ask sb. for sth向某人要某物学习learn about /of听说,理解到learnby oneself=teach oneself自学 close down 停顿播音,关闭动词变表示人的名词时通常加er,也有部分单词加or构成runrunner playplayer singsinger winwinner reportreporter managemanager act actor visitvisitorcollectcollector inventinventor operate operator conduct conductor售票员/列车乘务员in front of 在.前,在事物外部的前面, in the front of在事物内部的前面 sound like听起来像 introduce sb .to sb.把某人介绍给某人 the lives of 的命运 表示建议的句型有:1、Shall we我们好吗? 2、Lets .让我们3、What /how about怎么样? 4、Why dont you/we.=Why not为什么不?5、Would you like.你情愿.吗答复时用Id like/love to . sorry ,but .对于建议确定答复:Good idea./OK/Sure/ All right./Why not/Great/Yes, Id love to 对于建议否认答复:Im sorry ,Im afraid /Id love to ,but .score a goal 进一球 MODULE 4play back回放, turn on 翻开,多指翻开电器、水龙头等 ,borrow sb.sth=borrow sth form sb.向某人借来某物,借一段时间用keep.send sb. sth=send sth. to sb. send away 派出,送出,send up放射 ,send for派人去请,connect .to /with 把和连接save ones life 挽救某人的生命,pick up 捡起,捡起,bite sb. on the hand咬某人的手,a few days earlier几天前 a few days later 几天以后climb out of 从.爬出来,take a photo of 给拍照怎么啦?:s the trouble with sb./sth wait for等待 cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地去做某事 a text message一条短信息 look on sb. as把某人看作. get /be ready to do sth打算好做某事,乐意做某事 get /be ready for sth=prepare for为打算好 receive a postcard 收到一张明信片,on the front of 在前面,在正面, on the back,在反面,在后面what kind of什么种类,哪种, a kind of 一种, all kinds of 各类各样的 kind of有点儿,相当于a little, a bit ,take a photo=take photos,拍照 look up仰视,查找字典 ,look sb. up and down,上下端详看某人 look up to 敬重,仰视, look after照看 , look down on(upon)看不起,瞧不起, look forward to doing sth盼着做某事 , look through,阅读 send a message home,给家里发信息 send sb sth=send sth to sb.,play back回放 , turn on 开, turn off 关, turn down关小 ,turn up 开大,come on赶快 , come from, 来自 come back回来, come along ,跟着来 come over,顺便来访 come down落下,着陆hurt oneself损害某人自己 save ones life挽救某人的生命bite sb .on the hand 咬了某人的手 across强调从确定范围的一边到另一边,且在物体外表上沿着某一条线的方向而进展的动作。through表示从某一范围的一端到另一端,但它表示的动作是在内部空间进展的,往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。over用作“穿过,通过时,表示到达高的障碍物的另一侧.pick up ,捡起 a few一些,几个,用于名词复数形式确定,few很少,几乎没有,用于名词复数形式否认 a little 有一点,用于不行数名词 表确定,little很少,几乎没有 表否认 on business ,出差借入borrow ,借出lend,借一段时间keepwith和一起,具有带有;携带;及同时,随着;由于,因为;表示行为方式;就来说,关于。 What is the price of sth=How much is/are sth.某物多少钱?be surprised to do sth做某事而感到惊异,a few days earlier几天前,show .to .把给看, suggest to sb向某人提建议, Irish爱尔兰的,Ireland爱尔兰,Irishman 爱尔兰男人, Irishwoman爱尔兰女人 wait for sb./sth等待某人/某物 hide sth from sb把某事瞒着某人. take medicines服药, be surprised感到惊异 be surprised that+从句in surprise 惊异地,to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是 leave for sb动身去某地 leave sp 分开某地MODULE5if 引出的条件状语从句的时态1.主句用一般将来时,条件状语从句用一般如今时表将来;2.当主句用祈使句或情态动词时,从句通常用一般如今时。3.假如主句中的动词是want,hope等 词,那么用一般如今时。4. if引导的条件状语从句及祈使句的转换主语为you的条件状语从句可及“祈使句+and/or+一般讲来时简洁句句式互换。If you work harder, youll pass the exam. -Work harder ,and youll pass the exam.If you dont hurry up ,you ll miss the train.Hurry up ,or youll miss the train.be able to能,会,有人称、数和时态的变更 all together一起, at the end of 在完毕时, take off 卸掉,拿走;起飞;脱下 at least 至少 after all 终归, help sb .with sth 扶植某人做某事, hurry up赶快,usefor用.来干,be used to do sth=be used for (doing) sth被用来干某事, be used by被用, offer to do sth供应扶植做某事,be good at =do well in 擅长, be weak in=do badly in在方面弱。 have a chance to do sth=have a chance of doing sth.有做某事的时机punish sb for sth因而惩处某人,one of +名词复数,动词用单数。之一,one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数动词