赢在起点英语培训中心小升初培训专用教程.docx

Better say nothing than nothing to the purpose. 话不中肯，不如不说。 班级： 姓名： 内容：语法及练习期号：第 9 期 等第： 语音学问：音素是最小的发音单位。元音字母：a.e.i.o.u辅音字母在单词中的读音可以通过以下几种方法得到：(1)掐头法学读音：Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx   读以上辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音:Ffef   ef 去e余f  Llel   el 去e余l  Mmem em 去e余m  Nnen   en 去e余n  Sses   es 去e余s  Xxeks eks 去e余ks (2)去尾法学读音：Bb Cc Dd Jj Kk Pp Tt Vv Zz   读以上辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音:  Bbbi:   bi: 去i:余b  Ccsi:   si: 去i:余s  Dddi:   di: 去i:余d  Jjdei   dWei 去ei余d  Kkkei   kei 去ei余k  Pppi:   pi: 去i:余p  Ttti:   ti: 去i:余t  Vvvi:   vi: 去i:余v  Zzzi:   zi: 去i:余z(3)比照法学读音：Gg鸽子汉语鸽，英语g g g Hh喝水汉语喝，英语h h hYy医生汉语医，英语 j j jWw乌鸦汉语乌，英语w w wRr日头汉语日，英语r r r汉语拼音声母：b p m f d t l n g k h j q x 英语辅音字母：b p m f d t l n g k h j ch sh辅音字母的读音跟汉语拼音声母的发音一样，辅音字母在英语单词中都有其固定的读音。元音字母长短音比照表：元音字母aeiou长音eii:aiuju:短音æei:元音字母就好比语文里的多音字，同一个字在不同的词语里读不同的声音：英语单词都是由元音字母和辅音字母组合而成。我们想认读单词必需先搞清晰单词的构造。单词的构造：元辅构造(由一个元音字母加上若干个辅音字母构成的单词) 辅元构造 (由若干个辅音字母加上一个元音字母构成的单词) 元辅e构造 (由一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母再加上一个不发音的字母e构成的单词)拼读规则：元音字母在元辅构造的单词中发短音。 元音字母在辅元构造的单词中发长音。 元音字母在元辅e构造的单词中发长音。以上都是只含有一个元音字母的单词，拼读单词请遵循以下步骤：1 先推断单词的构造，单词的构造可根据定义来推断。2 确定单词构造中的元音字母的读音。3 从左到右依次读出每个字母的读音。元音字母发四声。4 将每个字母的读音合并起来并快速读出。一、找出画线局部读音不同的单词，并把标号填入提早括号内。（10分）( ) 1. A. under B. mum C. student D. study( ) 2. A. five B. four C. off D. of( ) 3. A. these B. help C. bed D. get( ) 4. A. please B. sweater C. seat D. teacher( ) 5. A. book B. good C. look D. too( ) 6. A. zero B. old C. home D. clock( ) 7. A. maps B. beds C. doors D. apples( ) 8. A. where B. pear C. there D. here( ) 9. A. fine B. five C. sit D. kite( ) 10.A. thirteen B. they C. think D. thank语法及练习1 be动词Be 动词的用法： (1) 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is连着他她它，单数名词用is,复数全用are。变疑问往前提，句末问号莫丢弃;变否认更简单，be后not莫遗忘；疑问否认任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。(2) 确定和否认句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. (3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 用恰当的be动词填空。 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom 6. Where _ your mother She _ at home. 7. How _ your father 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this 10. Whose socks _ they 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _ over there. 21. My sister's name _Nancy.22. This _ not Wang Fang's pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.31.I _a cute baby.32.He_ a good boy. 33.She_a beautiful girl.34They _ good friends. 35.We _ pupils. 36.It_ a little mouse.语法及练习2：冠词是一种虚词，不能独立运用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、an。用在单数名词前，表示“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、定冠词：the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有详细意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的根本用法： （1）用来表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. （3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.（4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 （5）用在由一般名词构成的专出名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 （6）用在江河、湖海等专出名词前。如：the Changjiang River长江 （7）此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。1、用a或an填空。 “U” ice-cream goalkeeper teapot apple English book office unit hour umbrella _ ant2、根据须要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is girl behind tree（2） old man has two children, son and daughter.（3）This is orange. orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing guitar. We have same hobby.（5）We all had good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be doctor.语法及练习3： 人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词 1人称代词主格和宾格的区分：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2物主代词形容词性及名词性的区分：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独运用，后面不带名词。1. 当第二人称及第一人称并用时，第二人称在前，第一人称在后。例如：   You and I are not teachers. 我和你都不是教师。2. 当第三人称及第一人称并用时，第三人称在前，第一人称在后。例如：   He and I don't know Mary. 我和他都不相识玛丽。3. 当单数第一、二、三人称并用时，第二人称在前，第三人称次之，第一人称在后。例如：   You, he and I are in the same class. 你、我、他在同一个班里。4. 当几个第三人称并用时，通常是代词在前，名词在后；男性在前，女性在后。例如：   He and Rose are in China. 罗斯和他在中国。5. 当复数第一、二、三人称同时并用时，第一人称在前，第二人称次之，第三人称在后。例如：We, you and they are good students. 我们、你们、他们都是好学生。   特殊提示：在成认错误、担当责任时，第一人称要领先，第三人称跟后面。如：   I and Kate are late for school today. 我和凯特今日上学迟到了。“秘笈”：人称代词并列现，留意依次礼貌见。    二一、三一、二三一，第一人称最虚心。   若把错误责任担，第一人称最领先。   It用法最广泛，天时间隔 代前提。   （说明：it 可代表天气、时间、间隔 等，如：It is fine today. 今日天气很好。 一般看后面有没出名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢登记表：人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Pass _ ( I ) the knife, please.2. Please give _ (we) the homeworks.3. Can I use _ (you) bike4. _ (it)are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday5. Are _ (this) your stamps6.That is not _ kite.That kite is very small,but _ is very big. ( I )7.The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 8.Is this _ watch ( you ) No, its not _. ( I ) 9._ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 10._ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _ ( you ) 11.Show _ your kite, OK ( they ) 12.I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 13.Are these _ tickets No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 14.Shall _ have a look at that classroom That is _ classroom. ( we ) 15._ is my aunt. Do you know _ job _ a nurse. ( she ) 16.Where are _ I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 17.Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! ( it )18._ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 19.The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )20. This isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )21. These are your books，Kate. Put _ in the desk，please. (they )22. _ must look after _ things. ( you )23. They want a football. Give _ the green one，please. ( they)24. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler Yes，its.( you )25. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ( she ) 26. I can find my toy, but wheres _ ( you ) 27. Show _ your kite, OK (they) 28. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 29. Are these _ tickets No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 30. Shall _ have a look at that classroom That is _ classroom. ( we ) 31. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job _ a nurse. ( she ) 32. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 33.Where are _ I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 34. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! 35. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 36. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we ) 37. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 38. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 39. May I sit beside _ ( you ) 40. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 41.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )42. Mary works in a book store.          likes          work very much.43. John and I are in the same school.          go to school together.44. Everybody likes that sport, do         45. She is a friend of         . We got to know each other two years ago.46. Her sister makes all          own dresses.47. I have many friends. Some of          are good at English.48.  May I use          bike          is broken.49. Everybody is here except Ann and _ friend Jane. _ are in the library now.50. Who can help _ (she) to carry the box51. Mum, we are very hungry. Give _ (we) some bread, please.52. This is my puppet. That's _ (you) puppet.53. Open the door for _(I), please.54. Today is _ (she) birthday.55. David got a computer from _ (he) parents.56. This is your classroom. _ (our) is next to the teachers' office.57. My uncle has a daughter. He loves _ (she) very much.58. Tommy has a cute cat. _ (it) name is Kitty.59. Are there _ (some) reading rooms in this building60. - U like collecting coins very much. - _ (I) too.61. - Is there _ (some) water in the bottle- Yes, there is.62. - Whose books are these - They're _ (they), I think.63. - How many students have _ (they) birthdays in May - No one.63. What's the matter with _ Do you have problems with _ homework (you)不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some及any的区分1）some多用于确定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不行数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否认句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不行数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否认句中，some多用于确定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture I can't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some. 留意：及some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在确定句、否认句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法一样。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区分1）用作形容词： 含义用法表示确定表示否认用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不行数名词a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么 I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，略微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比拟级) She slept very little last night.情态动词：1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形 2、主语+ cant/may not/ mustnt+动词原形 3.Can/May/Must + 主语+ 动词原形？ 4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？非谓语动词（是固定搭配）1. like+ to do不定式/doing动名词 2.want to do sth. 3. love to do 4. would like to do sth.5. enjoy doing sth. 6. thanks for doing 7. stop doing sth 8. let sb. do sth. She wants _(have) a party. Does he like _(swim) Thanks for _(enjoy) CCTV show. She never stops _(talk).like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜爱”。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜爱某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我特别喜爱这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜爱做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜爱踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“间或地喜爱做某事”，着重于某次详细的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜爱读书，但我今晚想看电视。名词s全部格单数名词后干脆加 “ s ”：Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时，只在最终一个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）语法及练习4 名词复数和动词三单一、名词复数规则 1一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 练习：写出下列各词的复数。 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ book_child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ people_二动词三单的改变规则 1一般状况下，干脆加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ teach_语法及练习5 一般如今时一般如今时一般如今时根本用法介绍 一般如今时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示常常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转。一般如今时的构成1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。一般如今时的改变1. be动词的改变。否认句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike 2.行为动词的改变。否认句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否认句。如：He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。