浙江省2022年中考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解（科普类）解析版.docx

浙江省2022年中考英语真题分类汇编：阅读理解（科普类）一、阅读理解阅读理解Can anyone be an astronaut?Of course not. You don't have to have a science degree but most astronauts do. Most of them arc pilots loo. Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind. You need to be easy-going, patient, and helpful to spend so much time in a small space with other people.What's the training like?People have to train for a year to learn how to stay healthy and safe. They practise space walking and living in zero gravity （重力）.They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team. Everyday tasks like eating, washing and sleeping can be difficult on a spaceship. There is no running water so you have to wash with wet tissues; it's hard to enjoy the dry food that astronauts have to eat. And to sleep you must cover your eyes because the sun rises every 9（） minutes on the international Space Station. You also have to tie yourself to something so you don't fly away!What health problems do astronauts have?Life in zero gravity causes changes to our bodies. Bones and muscles （肌肉）become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body. Astronauts often get backache because you grow in spaceup to 8 centimeters! It's also common to have headaches and to feel sick, especially at the beginning. You must have vitamins to take the place of fresh fruit and vegetables. But you don't have to put on sun cream because space suits protect your skin （皮肤）.Are you still interested?So now you know. If you want to go to space, study hard, learn to tty and take care of your body and mind.1. What is a must for an astronaut?B. A pilot's license.D. A weak character.B. wash with running water.D. Sleep with your eyes open.A. A science degree.C. A healthy body and mind.2. What must you do to prepare lor a space trip?A. Experience zero gravity.C. Practise long walks.3. Why do astronauts have to exercise in space?A. To make （heir bones and muscles thinner.B. To help the heart work well and keep fit.C. To avoid backache and grow much taller.I). To stop (heir skins from getting sunburned.4. Whai is ihc text mainly aboul?A. What we need to know to become an astronaut.B. Why young people are interested in space trips.C. What problems astronauts must solve in space.D. Why we need to train hard before a space trip.【答案】I. CA2. BA【知识点】科普类：说明文【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了成为宇航员要经历的训练以及面临的健康问题。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先仔细阅读短文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的 信息，确定答案。1 .细节理解题。根据第一段 Life in a spaceship is hard so you must have a healthy body and mind.宇宙飞船里的生 活很艰难，所以你必须有一个健康的身心。可知，宇航员必须有健康的身心。故选C。2 .细节理解题。根据第二段 They practise space walking and living in zero gravity. They train in difficult conditions to learn how to solve problems and to work in a team.他们练习太空行走和零重力生活。他们在困难的条件下训 练，学习如何解决问题和团队合作。可知，太空旅行需要做好体验零重力的准备。故选A。3 .细节理解题。根据第三段 Bones and muscles become thin and weak so you must do a lot of exercise in space to stay fit and to help the heart move blood around your body.骨骼和肌肉变得又薄又弱,因此你必须在太空中进行大 量运动，以保持健康并帮助心脏将血液输送到你的身体周围。可知，宇航员在太空中需要锻炼，从而都助心 脏正常工作并保持健康。故选B°.主旨大意题。根据文中Can anyone be an astronaut?任何人都可以成为宇航员吗? Whafs the training like?illl 练是怎样的？ What health problems do astronauts have?宇航员有哪些健康问题？结合全文内容，可知，本文主 要讲述了要成为一名宇航员，我们需要知道什么。故选A。阅读理解There are many different ways to solve a problem. One way is to be creative. People often think creative thinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving, has shown the world that using creativity to solve problems is very useful in business and in our communities, and will continue to be so in the future.One example of creative thinking is lhe solution to a parking problem in a town center. In the areas close lo stores, people can only park for 20 minutes. There arc parking mclcrs where people pay to park in these areas. However, the problem is （hat many people leave their cars there for longer than 20 minutes. Dr. Edward de Bono's solution is lo make a rule that all cars parked in these areas must keep their headlights on. Of course, drivers will want to return to their cars before their car batteries （蓄电池）die.According to Dr. de Bono, people will need to use creative thinking more often in the future. To help people think more creatively, he designed the "Six Thinking Hat" system （系统）.The system helps people think about a problem in different ways in order to find a solution. In the system, there are six imaginary hats of different colors. Each hat symbolizes a different way of thinking. For example, the white hat helps people consider the facts. The black hat is the most logical （逻辑的）and helps people consider why a possible solution may not work. So, next time you have a problem in your community, think about it creatively, from different pcrsiwctivcs, and see what ideas you have.3. What is the topic of the text?A. Being a creative artist in the community.B. Doing business successfully in the future.C. Asking experts ibr some useful advice.D. Using creative thinking to solve problems.4. Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2?A.To express a result.B.Tb describeaproblem.C.To support the topic.D.To list some numbers.5. What does the underlined word"perspectives" in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Ways.B.Places.C.People.D. Rules.6. Which of the following is true about the "Six Thinking Hats" system?A. The system is used to help people think quickly.B. The white hat helps people think about the facts.C. The black hat has to do with people's feelings.D. Six hats of different shapes can be very helpful.【答案】5. D 6. C 7. AB【知识点】科普类：说明文【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篱短文主要讲述了用创造性思维解决各种问题。【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文理解文章大意，然后再次阅读，找出与题目相对应的内容，选择符合题干 的答案，完成后并检查。5 . 主旨大意题。根据第一段 There arc many different ways to solve a problem.One way is to be creative. People often think crealivet hinking is just for artists and designers, but this is not true. Dr. Edward de Bono, an expert in creative thinking and problem solving.has shown the world that using creativity to solve pr oblems is very useful in business and in our commun ities and will continue to be so in the fiiture.解决问题有很多不同的方法。,种方法是 创造性。人们通常认为创造性思维只适用于艺术家和设计师，但事实并非如此。创造性思维和解决问题的专 家Edward de Bono博士，已经向世界展示了用创造力解决问题在商业和我们的社区中非常有用，并且在未来 将继续如此。可知，本文的主题是用创造性思维解决问题。故选D。6 .推理判断题。根据第二段 One example of creative thinking is the solution to a parking problem in a town center. 创造性思维的一个例子是解决市中心的停车问题。可知，第二段中讲述的创造性思维的一个例子是解决市中 心的停车问题，用来支持文章主题，即用创造性思维解决问题。故选C。7 .词义猜测题。根据最后一段 So, next time you have a problem in your community,lhink about it creatively,from different perspectives, and see whai ideas you have.所以，卜,次你在你的社区遇到问题时，创造性地思考它，从不 同的角度看看你有什么想法。可知，perspeclives是“角度，方面”的意思，与ways意思相近。故选A。8 .推理判断题。根据最后一段For exainple.the white hat helps people consider the facts.例如，白帽子帮助人们 思考事实。可知，白帽子帮助人们思考事实。表述正确。故选B。阅读理解Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new. something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation （导航）directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We've used it a lot on our video call. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need （o recognize （识别）your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.So, why aren't we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a good way io send images （映像） of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.8. Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph i?A. To start a story.B. Tb explain an idea.C. To introduce a topic.D. To discuss a problem.9. What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about?A. When smart glasses might be made.B. Where smart glasses could be used.C. How smart glasses would give direclions.D. Why smart glasses should be changed.10. Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses?A. Making spatial audio.B. Recognizing voices.C. Creating digital 3D objects.D. Sending images onto glasses.11. 1 low might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses?A. Bored.B. Confident.C. Satisfied.D. Uncertain.【答案】9. CB10. DB【知识点】科普类：说明文【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍智能眼镜的未来.【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读文章，确定文章大意，然后分析问题，抓住问题关键词，最后在文章中寻 找信息，选出正确答案。9 .细节理解题，通读第一段，根据材料 At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.目前，下一项 发明可能必智能眼镜。可知第一段是为了介绍下文要引出的智能眼镜，故选C。10 .推理判断题，根据材料第二段 Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen,想象一下。你不用拿起手机看屏幕，以及第三段Smart glasses could also be used in induslry.智能眼镜也可以用于 工业。可知二三段主要介绍智能眼镜能应用于哪里，故选B。I i.细节理解题，根据材料 So far. no one has invented a good way to send images （映像）of our world onio glasse.可知到目前为止，还没有人发明出一种将我们世界的图像发送到眼镜上的好方法。然而，故选D。12 .推理判断题，根据材料 However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could an ive much sooner than we think,随着科技的快速发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更早到来。可知作者对智能眼镜的 未来充满H信，故选B。阅读理解How do you look after your calIntroductionIntroductionThe first step to becoming a good cat owner is to choose the right kind of cat. It is how a cat behaves that is the most important, not what she looks like or how old she is. She is going to be your best friend. You will spend a lot of time playing together. But remember, you need to look after her every day. Not just to start with, but for all her life.Understanding your petBy watching your cat closely, you will learn her special way of talking. From the movement of her tail or ears, you will see if she is happy or sad. And you will soon understand what she is saying when she miaows.Caring for your petYou will only be your cat's best friend if you care for her properly. You will need to make sure that she eats the right foods, always has water, and can get plenty of exercise every day. You will also have to bathe （给洗澡）her often and spend some time training her.11. How long will you need to look after your cat?A. For some days after she's bom.B. For the whole of her lite.C. Until she has babies of her own.D. Until she is badly ill.12. To understand your cat, you need to.A. watch her very carefullyC. talk to her every dayB. bathe her oftenD. feed her proper foodThe last part of the passage describes.A. which food cals like bestB. how difficull il can be to train catsC. the type of exercise cats enjoy mostD. the things cat owners need to do【答案】13. B14. AD【知识点】科普类；说明文【解析】【分析】主要讲了怎样照顽犯,【点评】考查阅读理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题从文中仔细寻找答案。13. 细节题。根据Not just to start with, but for all her life.可知要照顾猫的一生，故选B°细节题。根据 By watching your cat closely, you will leani her special way of talking. rT 知通过仔细观察你的 猫，你会了解她说话的特殊方式，即理解猫，故选A。14. 细节题。根据 You will need to make sure that she cats the right foods, always has waler, and can get plenty of exercise every day. You will also have to bathe （给洗澡）her often and spend some lime training her.你需要确保她吃对了食物，总是喝水，每天都能进行大量锻炼。你还必须经常给她洗澡，花些时间训练她，可知讲的是 猫的主人需要做的事情，故选D.阅读理解Recently, many people think it's risky to use credit （信用）card numbers online. However, from time to time, we all use passwords and ID numbers on the Internet. We think we are safe, but that may not be true! A new kind of attack （攻击）is being used by dishonest people to steal IDs and credit card numbers from web surters. This new kind of attack is called "phishing".Phishing sounds the same as the word "fishing", and it means that a thief is try ing to trick people into giving away valuable inibmiation. Like real fishermen, phishers use bait （诱饵）in the fonn of great online deals or services. For example, phishers might use false emails and websites to trick people into revealing （透露）credit card numbers, account uscniamcs, and passwords. They imitate （模仿）well-known banks, online sellers, and credit card companies. Successful phishers may make as many as 5% of the people believe and give away iheir personal inlbrmation.Il's really a big problem! Actually, tricking 5% of the online population is huge. Now more than 4.6 billion people have access （进入权）o the Internet, and 75% of those Internet users live in the wealthiest countries on Earth. It hasbeen reported that phishers send more than 40 billion false messages each year. Even by tricking only 5% of the people. phishers can make a lot of money.Amy, 18, from Cuiifomiu, received an email. A man told Amy that she could get a million dollars in her account as a reward if she sent a thousand dollars to him. Amy did as the man said at once. The "thief used Amy's Social Security number to gel credit cards in her name and transferred her money.How can people avoid being cheated online? Above all, they have to learn to recognize the cinail (hat has been sent by a phisher. Always be careful with any email with urgent (紧急的)requests for personal information. Phishers typically write upsetting or exciting, but false, statements in their emails so that people will reply right away. Never give out personal information to phishers. And if an offer sounds too good to be true, it is.15. Phishing is compared to according to the passage.A. making money B. playing gamesC. catching fishI), writing emailsWhich writing skill is used in Para. 3?A. Giving examples.B. Listing numbers.C. Raising quesdons.D. Using sayings.16. Which of the following in (he dictionary best explains the underlined word "transfer" in Para. 4?. transferv. (iranslcrrcd, transferring) 【o move from one place, school, job etc to another二 to connect the call of someone to someone else's二 io move money from one account to anotherto change from one bus, plane etc to anotherA.B.C.D.Besides introducing what phishing is. the writer also tells us how to.A. help to catch phishersB. reply (o urgent emailsC. pay by credit cardD. protect ourselves online【答案】