江苏开放大学大学英语（B）（2）形成性考核作业2.docx

我的课程大学英语（B） （2） 形成性考核与主题讨论二（学习活动计分,占形考总评成绩20%）（建议学时：3学时）形成性考核作业2 （占形考总评成绩15%）（实践性作业）作业详情我的作业100作业最终成绩取最高分第1次100分0B-1到B-30是未完成的句子，考核所学词汇与语法知识点，针对每个句子中未完成的 局部有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。B-1.May I take your order now?客观题总分值：1分得分：1分ANo,I don' t like it.BlYes,I, d like steamed fish.CYes, we take orders.DNo, I don' t have an order.正确答案：B学生答案：B老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是交际情境中的点餐及应答用语。通过问句“现在可以点餐了吗”可以判断 出对话场景为餐厅，与之相匹配的回答是B选项“我要一份蒸鱼"其他的选项都答非所问, 也不符合逻辑。B-2.Congratulations!You won the first prize in today? s English speechcontest.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分EThank you.BNo,I didn' t do it well.CYes,I beat the others.D此题考查的是动词短语的搭配。take up：开始（学习或从事等）；keep up：保持；save up：存钱；draw up：起草定制。本句想表达的是：退休后，安娜从事了一段时间的绘画， 但不久便失去兴趣了。21B-21. A solid is different from a liquid the solid has definite shape.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分IAIin thatB in which C in what D of that 正确答案：A 学生答案：A 老师点评： 答案解析： 此题考查的是固定搭配。in that意思是“因为，由于，在于"，当表示“因为”时与 for the reason that, because同义，可用于引导原因状语从句，在本句中表示“在于”。 本句想表达的是：固体和液体的不同点在于固体有一定的形状。22B-22. The street were empty the policemen on duty.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分A exceptingB exceptC besidesexcept for正确答案：D学生答案：D老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是“除了 ”的用法。excepting：通常用于句首或always, not, without等后 面，表示“除了”，不包括在内；except：除了，表示不包括在内；besides：除了外 还有，表示包括在内；except for：除了，其所排除的内容与主语往往不属于一类。本 句想表达的是：街上空无一人，除了执勤的警察。警察与街道不属于一类。23B-23. He is very to call me tonight. I can sense that.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分AliableB possiblelikelyDlikeable正确答案：C学生答案：C老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是形容词的辨析。liable：易受影响的，有可能的，通常接不好的结果; possible：有可能的,但也只能说事情有可能,不能说sb. is possible to do something, 也就是不能将人作主语；likely：有可能的，人可以作主语；likeable：可爱的，令人喜欢 的。这里主语是he,选择likely。24B-24.I didn' t know your phone number;otherwise I you a call themoment I got to Nanjing.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分Ahave givenB had given C would give Q would have given 正确答案：D 学生答案：D老师点评： 答案解析： 此题考查的是虚拟语气。本句想表达的是：我不知道你的手机号，否那么我一到南京就会 给你打 的。根据句意可知I,分号后的句子是对过去事件的虚拟，。therwise后面的句子 用would/should/could+完成时的形式。25B-25.Don' t you feel surprised to see Susie at the party?Yes.I really didn' t think she here. 客观题总分值：1分得分：1分Ahas beenB had beenwould beDwould have been正确答案：C学生答案：C老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是时态。根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didn' t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事情，应 选过去将来时。26B-26. Would you let to the cinema with my colleagues, Mum?客观题总分值：1分得分：1分IAIme goBme goingCI goI)I going正确答案：A学生答案：A老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是使役动词的用法。本句想表达的是:妈妈，能让我和同事一起去看电影吗？ let, have, make等使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补。可能的干扰项是let I,及物 动词后面如果接的代词应该使用宾格。而I是主格只能充当主语。from my old friends.B-27. I have been looking forward to 客观题总分值：1分得分：1分A hearBbe beardhearingDbeing beard 正确答案：C 学生答案：C老师点评:答案解析:此题考查的是动名词的用法。本句想表达的是：我一直盼望着收到老朋友的来信。be looking forward to doing sth.表示“期待做某事”，这个结构中to不是不定式的标记, 而是介词，在它后面要加名词或者动名词。hear from sb.表示接到某人的来信，属于主动, 所以要排除带有被动的干扰项。1281B-28.Recently I bought a jade bracelet,was very reasonable. 客观题总分值：1分得分：1分Awhich pricethe price of whichprice of thatC theD its正确答案：B学生答案：B老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是从句。表示先行词所代表的“那个人或物的”用whose或theof which=of which。因此，表示”的价格”可说 the price of which 或 of which theprice或whose price。另外，如果在选项its price前加and也可以。本句想表达的是： 最近我买了一只玉手镯，价格很合理。B-29. Had you come five minutes earlier, you the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分A would catchB should catchC could catchwould have caught 正确答案：D学生答案：D老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是虚拟语气用法。本句是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，应该使用：主语+ $110111(1八01111/(201111/11118111+112"+过去分词。本句想表达的是：要是你早来五分钟，你就 能赶上那班去北京的火车了。但现在你错过了。B-30. It? s time wethe lecture because it' s time for lunch.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分A will endBshall endC endended正确答案：I)学生答案：D老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是It' s time(that)的用法。本句想表达的是：午饭时间到了，我们该 结束讲座了。"It' s time (that)-"是虚拟语气的句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。 句型中引导词that可省略，time可由high, about修饰，从句中的谓语动词一般用动词的 过去式。所以答案是ended。31阅读Passage One,回答B-31到B-35五个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可 以填入题干空白处的最正确选项。Passage OneOne of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded. London, for example, will somehow have to deal with a projected 100, 000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016.The current plan of building new “satellite towns” of the city causes a lot of problemsbut architecture think tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of space.In terms of population density, London is one of the least crowded major cities in the world一four times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city' s population is growing at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is eating up increasingly important agricultural land, as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth.Popular Architecture would propose a radically different solution. The proposal is to go upwards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town by the time it' s completed. Each tower would be 1500 meters high. Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports facilities, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help lower the individual energy requirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole.The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow light and air through the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread throughout the height of the building will give inhabitants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as gathering spacesoWhile the building itself is unlikely ever to be seriously considered for construction一imagine the number of elevators it would need,let alone the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposure一the concept can serve as a conversation-starter for urban planners looking to face the challenges of the current and coming centuries.B-31. One key challenging task for urban architects in future is to.客观题总分值：2分得分：2分Abuild new satellite townsBwork out ambitious plan Cdesign less crowded citiesaccommodate more inhabitants正确答案：I)学生答案：D老师点评：答案解析：细节理解题。文中第一段第一句提到在未来50年里，城市建筑的主要挑战之一将会是 如何在已经极度拥挤的都市塞下更多的人。由此可知，未来城市建筑的主要挑战之一是容纳 更多的居民，应选D。32阅读B-31题干中Passage One材料，完成此题。B-32. Which of the following cities has the largest population density?客观题总分值：2分得分：2分ECairoBParisCLondonDNew York正确答案：A学生答案：A老师点评：答案解析：推理判断题。文中第二段第一句提到“二terms句population density, London is one the least crowded major cities in the world. . and eight times fewer than Cairo. ” 根据人口密度，伦敦是世界上最不拥挤的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口数比巴黎低四倍, 比纽约低六倍，比开罗低八倍。由此可知，开罗的人口密度是最大的，应选A。33阅读B-31题干中Passage One材料，完成此题。B-33. Horizontal expansion not only wastes land, but makes it hard for London to.客观题总分值：2分得分：2分Ahandle its safety problemsBlresolve its transport issuesCcontrol its population growthDmeasure its population density 正确答案：B学生答案：B老师点评：答案解析：细节理解题。文中第二段第二句提到“But the fact remains that the city' s population is growing. . as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth. "但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增长，向周围地区的拓展加剧了城市扩张 带来的交通问题，也在吞噬重要的耕地。由此可知，水平空间的拓展不仅浪费土地还会造成 交通问题，应选B。34阅读B-31题干中Passage One材料，完成此题。B34.The vertical tower would represent an entire new town in itself because.客观题总分值：2分得分：2分A it is energy-saving B it is cost-effectiveICIit is self-sufficientDit is comfort-oriented正确答案：C学生答案：C老师点评：答案解析：推理判断题。文中第三段倒数第二句提到“Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire. . . with its own schools, hospitals, parks. . . business areas and community spaces."每个塔还将作为一个完整的城镇是因为它内部还设有学校、医院、 公园、商务中心及社区空间等，这些使得这个城镇生活所需都可以自给自足。应选C。35阅读B-31题干中Passage One材料，完成此题。B-35. For city planners today, the idea of building a vertical tower can become.客观题总分值：2分得分：2分Aa topic for funBa shocking realityCa modest proposala source of inspiration正确答案：D学生答案：D老师点评：答案解析：推理判断题。从文中最后一段可知，目前这种垂直塔型建筑还有很多问题，比方说，所 需电梯数量多，存在平安隐患等等，但是可以作为设计者的一个灵感的来源，应选D。36阅读Passage Two,回答B-36到B-40四个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可 以填入题干空白处的最正确选项。Passage TwoPasswords are everywhere in computer security. All too often, they are also ineffective. A good password has to be both easy to remember and hard to guess, but in practice people seem to pay attention to the former. Names of wives, husbands and children are popular. ”123456” or “12345" are also common choices.That predictability lets security researchers(and hackers)create dictionaries which list common passwords, useful to those seeking to break in. But although researchers know that passwords are insecure, working out just how insecure has been difficult. Many studies have only small samples to work on.However, with the cooperation of Yahoo!, Joseph Bonneau of Cambridge University obtained the biggest sample to date-70 million passwords that came with useful data about their owners.Mr Bonneau found some interesting variations. Older users had better passwords than young ones. People whose preferred language was Korean or German chose the most secure passwords;those who spoke Indonesian the least. Passwords designed to hide sensitive information such as credit-card numbers were only slightly more secure than those protecting less important things, like access to games. "Nag screens” that told users they had chosen a weak password made virtually no difference. And users whose accounts had been hacked in the past did not make more secure choices than those who had never been hacked.But it is the broader analysis of the sample that is of most interest to security researchers. For, despite their differences, the 70 million users were still predictable enough that a generic password dictionary was effective against both the entire sample and any slice of it.Mr Bonneau is blunt: "An attacker who can manage ten guesses per account will compromise around l%of accounts. ” And that is a worthwhile outcome for a hacker.One obvious solution would be for sites to limit the number of guesses that can be made before access is blocked. Yet whereas the biggest sites, such as Google and Microsoft, do take such measures, many do not. The reasons of their not doing so are various. So it' s time for users to consider the alternatives to traditional passwords.B-36. People tend to use passwords that are.客观题总分值：2分得分：2分Aeasy to rememberBhard to figure outCrandom numbersI)popular names正确答案：A学生答案：A老师点评：答案解析：细节理解题。在第一段第三句提到一个好的密码应该兼具容易记忆和难以猜测的特点, 但在实际生活中，人们看起来更偏重前者。由此可知，虽然密码两个特点都很重要，但人们 在使用中还是更注重记忆的方便，应选A。37阅读B-36题干中Passage Two材料，完成此题。B-37. Researchers find it difficult to know how unsafe passwords are due to.客观题总分值：2分得分：2分A lack of research toolsB lack of research funds C limited time of studieslimited size of samples正确答案：D学生答案：D老师点评：答案解析：细节理解题。根据第二段，研究者认为想要测算密码不平安的程度是很困难的，因为许 多研究都只能在少量的样本上展开。这说明困难是由于缺少样本造成的，与D项相符，应选 Do38阅读B-36题干中Passage Two材料，完成此题。B-38. It is indicated in the text that客观题总分值：2分得分：2分AIndonesians are sensitive to password securityByoung people tend to have secure passwordsnag screens help little in password security Dpasswords for credit cards are usually safe正确答案：C学生答案：C老师点评：答案解析：推理判断题。A项“印尼人对密码平安很敏感”，这与第四段第三句中“those who spoke Indonesian the least”相反；B项“年轻人倾向使用平安的密码”，这与第四段第二句"Older users had better passwords than young ones”相反;D项“信用卡的密码通常是平安的”， 这与第四段第四句 "Passwords designed to hide sensitive information such as credit-card numbers were only slightly more secure than those protecting less important things, like access to games" 相反；故排除 A、B、D 三项。C 项“提示窗口 对密码平安帮助不大”，与第四段第五句"<Nag screens? that told users they had chosen a weak password made virtually no differencen 相符，应选 C。39阅读B-36题干中Passage Two材料，完成此题。B-39.The underlined word “compromise“ in Para. 5 most probably means 客观题总分值：2分得分：2分A compriseBcompensateendanger D encounter 正确答案：C 学生答案：C 老师点评： 答案解析：It' s a pleasure.正确答案：A学生答案：A老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是交际情境中的祝贺及应答用语。在英语中，当对方向你表示祝贺，如果按 照中文交际习惯自谦反而不礼貌，会使对方误以为你不赞成其对你的肯定的评价。应该按照 英语的交际习惯，说"Thank you. "或者“Thanks. ”就可以了。B-3. Tom has already given up the of smoking with the advice of doctor.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分A customBlhabitChobbyDinterest正确答案：B学生答案：B老师点评：答案解析：此题考查的是名词的辨析。habit：习惯；custom：习俗，风俗；hobby：爱好；interest： 兴趣。the habit of表示"的习惯”。本句想表达的是：汤姆听从医生的建议已经戒 烟了（改掉吸烟的习惯）。14B-4. The scientists are trying to find out the facts to their theory.客观题总分值：1分得分：1分supportBcarry C design Doppose 正确答案：A 学生答案：A老师点评： 答案解析：语义理解题。根据第五段第三句 "An attacker who can manage ten guesses per account will compromise around l%of accounts. 可知,攻击者会尝试对一个账户进行10次猜测 密码的举动，这一举动将会对1 %的账户产生影响。后面一句"And that is a worthwhile outcome for a hacker. ”可知，这1%账户对黑客已经足够了，说明他们会根据对密码的猜 测来破解账户，因此对账号造成威胁。A项“包括，构成”；B项“补偿”；D项“遇见” 均不符合题意，应选C。40阅读B-36题干中Passage Two材料，完成此题。B-40.The last paragraph of the text suggests that 客观题总分值：2分得分：2分Anet users regulate their online behaviorsnet users rely on themselves for securityCbig websites limit the number of guessesDbig websites offer users convenient access正确答案：B学生答案：B老师点评：答案解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段。A项“网络使用者要规范他们网上的行为”， 文中未提及;C项“大型网站限制尝试输入密码的次数”，最后一段虽然有提到谷歌和微软, 但并不是所有大型网站都这样做了;D项“大型网站为用户提供方便的登入”，文中没有提 及;故排除A、C、D三项。B项“网络使用者要靠自己注意网络平安”，与最后一段最后一 句的 “So it' s time for users lo consider the alternatives to traditional passwords v 相符，应选 B。41阅读Passage Three,回答B-41到B-45三个问题。请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出 可以填入题干空白处的最正确选项。Passage ThreeJohn Lubbock, a British member of the Parliament, led to the first law to safeguard Britain' s heritage一the Ancient Monuments Bill. How did it happen?By the late 1800s more and more people were visiting Stonehenge for a day out. Now a World Heritage Site owned by the Crown, it was, at the time, privately owned and neglected.But the visitors left behind rubbish and leftover food. It encouraged rats that made holes at the stones' foundations, weakening them. One of the upright stones had already fallen over and one had broken in two. They also chipped pieces off the stones for souvenirs and carved pictures into them, says architectural critic Jonathan Glancey.It was the same for other pre-historic remains, which were disappearing fast. Threats also included farmers and landowners as the ancient stones got in the way of working on the fields and were a free source of building materials.Shocked and angry,Lubbock took up the fight. When he heard Britain, s largest ancient stone circle at Avebury in Wiltshire was up for sale in 1871 he persuaded its owners to sell it to him and the stone circle was saved.“Lubbock aroused national attention for ancient monuments,' ' says Glancey.