中考英语语法复习讲义之副词及形容词比较级最高级用法及练习.docx

姓名:副词一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词： well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly程度副词： very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home 时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still 频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never 否认副词：no, not, neither, nor疑问副词：where, how, why, when其他：also, too, only.时间副词now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, before, soon, early 等，其 出现往往决定 了该语句表达的时态。Now Pm writing a letter.现在我正在写信。I went to the park yesterday.我昨天去公园 了。I will be back soon.我很快就回来了。1 .频率副词局部频率副词频率高低的排序：always （一直）usually （通常）often （经常）sometimes （有时）seldom （很少）hardly （几乎不）never （从不）还有说明次数的副词，once, twice等。频率副词经常出现在一般现在时态的语句中，表示规律性的动作或习 惯。Ben often goes to the cinema with his friend.本经常和他的朋友出去看 电影。He never eats hamburgers.他从不吃汉堡包。2 .地点副词here, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down,back, forward, home, along, round, around, near, off, past, up, away 等地点副词一般表示事情发生的地点。He played basketball here yesterday 他昨天在这里打篮球。It's raining outside.外面正在下雨。The toilet is over there.厕所在那里。5 .He got(good) grades in his class.6 . He is one of the(friendly) people in the class, I think.7 . The Changjiang river is the(long) river in china.8 . Annie plays the piano very(well).-Sue plays it(well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the (well).9 .Most of the students think a lion is much(dangerous) than a bear and it is the(dangerous) animal in the world.Mr. Smith is the teacher in the school. (good)练一练一:根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比拟等级形式填空It is much today than yesterday, (hot)She is a little than her classmates, (careful)1. Which book is, this one or that one? (easy)My room is than yours, (small)Skating is than swimming, (exciting)Things are getting and. (bad)2. The higher you climb, the it will be. (cold)8 Now our lives are becoming and. (good)9.The(hard) you work, the(happy) your parents will be.lO.He is(tall) of the two.11. Almost all the students* faces are the same but Jack looks (fat) than before after the summer holidays.12. Which is(heavy), the hen or the chicken?13. Annie says sally is the(kind) person in the world.14. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.15. An orange is a little(big) than an apple, but much (small) than a watermelon.16. Sue is a little(beautiful) than her sister.17. My room is not as(big) as my brother1 s.18. "How difficult is physics?-V m not sure."Is it (difficult) than maths? " I don't think so.19. Her mother is getting(fat) and(fat).20. I think it's too expensive. P d like a (cheap) one.21. He comes to school much(early) than IThis book is not as(interesting) as that one.22. Your classroom is(wide) and(bright) than ours.23. The(much), the(good).24. Nowadays(现在)English is( important )than any other subject, I think.25. My brother is two years(old) than me.26. Fang Fang is not as(tall) as the other girls.4 .方式副词carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast,well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly等一般表示事情进行的方式。He is writing his letter carefully.他正在认真地写信。He can swim well.他游泳游得很好。5 .程度副词much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly等程度副词一般说明事物爱展到什么程度。He is very tall.他非常高。The shoes are too dear.这双鞋子太贵了。I feel much better.我感觉好多了。6凝问副词how, when, where, why等主要用来引导特殊疑问句。When do you come home?你什么时候回家？Why do you like dogs?你为什么喜欢狗二、副词的位置.多数副词都可以放在动词的后面，来修饰动词I get up early in the morning every day.我每天早早起床。He passed the exam easily.We finished this task successfully.The girls sing happily.The train goes fast.火车跑得快。The wind blows gently.风儿微微地吹着。I have seen this film twice with my friends.这部电影我和朋友看过两 次。1 .副词修饰形容词或副词时，副词在前面，而被修饰的词在后面It's rather easy, I can do it.这很容易，我能做到。She is so beautiful!她是那么漂亮！It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。It's so important that I must tell my friends.这件事太重要了，我得告诉 我的朋友。It's much better.好多 了。He is very sad to hear that.The boy is too young.2 .频率副词可放在实义动词的前面，情态动词和助动词的后面。I often watch videos these days.这些日子我经常看录像。I always have breakfast at home.我一直在家吃早饭。You mustn't always help me.你不必老是帮助我。He Seldom comes to see us.他很少来看我们。We usually go shopping once a week.我们通常一周买一次东西。The new students don't always go to dance.新学生并不时常去跳舞。【动词与形容词和副词的搭配】(1).系动词后接形容词，其他动词后接副词。形容词一般是没有ly, 副词一般是有ly,特殊情况除外。系动词可以归血为：6 官(look, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel); 5 变(turn 变色，get 变温， be/become 变成，go 变质)；4 句型(make, find, think, keep/ stay,).具 体举例如下：-The mountain looks so beautiful.这山看起来真漂亮。He seems energetic. In fact he is tired.看起来他很有活力，实际上他累 了。The dish smells good and taste delicious.这道菜闻起来很香,尝起来美 味。The music sounds soft. Whenever he hears it, he feels happy and relaxed. 这音乐听起来柔和，无论他什么时候听,他都感到开心和放松。When he heard his teacher words, his face turned red at once. 当他听到他老师的话，他的脸马上变红Summer comes, it is getting hotter and hotter. 夏天来了，天气变得越来 越热。Jim was/became happy again after his father visit. 吉姆在他爸看望之 后再次高兴起来。If you don't put the food in the fridge, it will go bad easily. 如果你不把食物放入冰箱，它就容易变质。What he said made me happy.他所说的话使我高兴He found/thought it easy to learn English.他发现/认为学英语容易We should keep our classroom clean.我们应该保持教室干净。We must try our best to keep/stay healthy.我们必须尽力保持健康。Don't write so carelessly, your teacher won't be happy. 不要写得这么粗心，你老师会不高兴的。All the students played games with their teacher happily.所有学生都高兴地与老师玩游戏。形容词变副词的规那么1 .大局部形容词在其词尾直接加-ly变为副词。如：real 一 reallyquiet 一 quietlyhelpfulhelpfullyslow>slowlycareful 一 carefUllyquick>quickly【注】此类以-ly结尾的副词变比拟级时，在前面加more。2 .以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly变为副词。 如：busy 一 busilyeasy-easily3 .某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly变为副词。如:gentlegentlytrue 一 truly【注】局部名词加-ly变为副词。如：partpartly （局部地）4 .并不是所有以ly结尾的词都是副词，有的名词加ly是形容词。 如：mother一motherly (母 sister-sisterly (姐妹般 love-lovely (可爱的)fHend-friendly (友好的)亲般的)fatherfatherly (父亲般的)的)brother-brotherly (兄弟般的) daydaily (每日的)5 .有些名词加-y变为形容词。假设名词以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一 个辅音字母，需双写该辅音字母再加-y。如：rain 一 rainysnow 一 snowycloud 一 cloudywind>windyfbg 一 fbggyluck 一 luckysunsunnysalt 一 salty health-healthy【练一练】用括号内所给词的形容词或副词填空。1. Rainy days make me. (sad)2. His face turned(pale) when he saw the report.3. Listen to me(careful). Then you will find it (easy) to do it by yourself.4. The fish smells(bad). You should throw it to the dustbin as(quick) as possible.5. The cloth looks(beautiful) and feels (smooth).6. We should keep our hands (open) and eyes (close).7. The moon cake tastes(sweet). But the price sounds too (expensive)8. It's getting(dark). You can't walk home (slow).9. The wind blows (gentle).10. She is girl. She rides bike. (careful)11. .Keep! Don't talk in the reading room. (quiet)12. This dinner looks to me, and I like it. (good / well)131. think basketball is I like to watch it. (boring / bored)They are playing basketball(happy).They are so(happy).I saw an old man walk in the park yesterday.A. slow B. slowly(1 ) Be (careful). You should do your homework(careful).(2) - My sister has a(good) English teacher.-That's why she can learn English so(good).(3) The children are talking(loud)(4) The children are playing basketball on the playground (happy).(5) I can't see the words on the blackboard(clear).adj与adv的比拟级，最高级adj与adv比拟级，最高级的构成一样。一、规那么变化其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more, most来构成比拟级和最 高级。构成法原级比拟级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er, -esttalltallertallestgreatgreatergreatestclevercleverercleverest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词 加-r, -stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargestwidewiderwidest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，bigbiggerbiggest双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestwetwetterwettest“辅音子母+y”结尾的双音下词，改y为i,earlyearlierearliest再力口-er, -esteasyeasiereasiestheavyheavierheaviest原级比拟级最高级beautiful interesting important（重要的）more beautifulmore interesting more importantmost beautifulmost interesting most important不规那么变化原级比拟级最高级good （好的）well （健康的）betterbestbad / badly illworseworstoldolder （年纪较大的） elder （较年长的）oldest （年纪最大的） eldest （最年长的）many much （多的）moremostlittle （少的）lessleastfarfarther （较远） further （进一步）farthest （最远） furthest （最大限度）、写出以下单词的比拟级和最高级。bigsmalltalloldnicenewshortfathotbadcoldweakfarwellmuchlittlehardlateearlythinusefulyoungimportantbeautifulcarefulslowly形容词的用法L形容词的原级形容词的原级可用于两个人或事物的比拟。肯定句：A + be + as +形容词原级+ as +B意思是“A和B一样”Jenny is as tall as her mother,珍妮和她妈妈一样高。否认句：A + be+not+as+形容词原级+as +BA + be +not +so+形容词原级+as +B意思是“A不如Jenny is not as tall as her mother. = Jenny is not so tall as her mother.珍 妮不如她妈妈高。用所给词的正确形式填空。1 .Tom is as(fat) as Jim.2 .Maryas hair is as(long) as Lucy's.3 .Fang Fang is not as(tall) as the other girls.4 .The child doesn't write as(fast) as the students.5 .This radio is not so as that one. (cheap)6 .Jim is not as(tall) as jack.2.形容词的比拟级形容词比拟级用于两个事物或人的比拟用比拟级，比拟级后面一般带 有单词than o1基本句式：A （主格）+be+形比+ than + B（宾格）She is tallerthan me.依据句意，填写正确的比拟级形式(1) The black dog is(thin) than the white dog.(2) This balloon is(big) than yours.(3) My bag is(heavy) than yours.(4) John is(strong) than Mike.(5) I am(short) than Lucy.2、在“which,or.?”句中,表示两者比拟：Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?3、比拟级+and+比拟级,more and more +形容词 It!s getting darker and darker.天越来越黑 了。It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.It is getting cooler and cooler.Our school is becoming more and morn beautiful.他跑的越来越快。4、The more., the more.：The more you eat, the more you want. 你越吃越想要。The harder you work 9the greater progress you 41 make .注意：比拟级有时可以单独使用Who is taller?谁更高一点？This shirt is more expensive,这件衬衫比拟贵。用所给单词的正确形式填空。(1) My brother is two years(old)than me.(2) Is your sister(young) than you?Yes,she is.(3) Who is(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.(4 ) Whose pencil-box is (big),yours or hers? Hers is.(5) Nancy sing(well) than Helen? Yes, she.(6) My eyes are(big) than(she).(7) Which is(heavy),the elephant or the pig?(8) Who gets up(early),Tim or Tom?(9 ) the girls get up(early) than the boys?No,they.(10 ) Jim runs (slow). But Ben runs (slow).3 .形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于三者或者三者以上的比拟,形容词最高级前通 常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用。1、其结构是：the+形容词最高级+名词+of（in）表示范围的短语或从句。如：Peter is the oldest boy of them all.（介语短语 of them all 表示范围） London is the biggest city in Britain.（介词短语 in Britain 表示范围）2、结构“one of +the+形容词最高级+名词”表示“最之一”的意思。London is one of the largest cities in the world.伦敦是世界上最大的城 市之一。用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Mr. smith is man in this office, (rich)2. Winter is season of the years, (cold)3.Of all the subjects, he likes English(well).4 .He runs(fast) of the three.