2022年最新整理五年级英语语法知识点汇总.docx

五年级英语语法知识汇总一、知识点:名词单复数1、可数名词复数用于How many后面;some/any/many/a lot of/ twof three后面;these/those后面all the后面；between后面跟一种物体时，这个物体用复数 like后面are前面的人称和名词用复数:we/they/the children2.复数的变化规则：各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-Sbookbooks bearbears studentstudents bag-bags catcats bed-beds friend- friends; stylestyles; sportsports;以 s. x. sh. Ch. o 结尾加3bus-busesbox-boxes brush-brusheswatch-watches peach一peaches go-goes glass-glasses class -classes do-does以"辅音字母+y" 结尾变y为i,再加esfamily-familiesstudy-studieslibrary一librarieshobby-hobbiesstorystoriesbaby babies;以"f或fe"结尾变f或fe为v,再加- esknife-knives lifelivesleafleaves有例外如 roof-roofssafe-safes不规则名词复数man-men woman-women foot-feet policeman-policemen mouse-mice child-childrenfish-fish Chinese-Chinese3、不可数名词：water, soup, milkfjuice, tea, coffee, bread（面包），rice（米饭）等。注：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is二、人称代词和物主代词人称代词有主格和宾格之分。1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。同音词：Bbebee, Cseesea, Rare, Ttea, Uyou, Ywhyf I-eyef too-two-tof fourforf herehearf theretheirf rightwrite, sunsonf noknowf pairpear, itz sits, buybybyef hihigh, wearwheref arenz taunt, who' swhosef近义词（或同义词）：Manylots of-a lot of, desktable, likelovef tallhigh nearbeside, too-also, listenhear, lookseef classlesson, glasscup, homehouse, beautifulpretty, usually oftenf hihello, speaksaytalk, riverlake, would likewant, go home come home反义词（或对应词）：yesno, thisthat, thesethose, herethere , gocomef openclose, bigsmall, fatthinf tall short, longshort blackwhitef happysad, hotcold, coolwarmf softhard, on-under, in front of behind, inout, manwoman, wrongright, downupr sitstand, easydifficult,take off（脱下）一put on（穿上）完整形式：wef rewe arefyou1 reyou aref he' she is, it' sit is,there' sthere is,isnz tis notwho' swho is,Let" slet usrr dI would,can' tcan notf don' tdo notfdoesnz tdoes not特殊的名词复数：manmenfwomanwomen, policemanpolicemen, child-children,Chinese-Chinesefootfeetf fishfishfpeoplepeople,三单动词变化：特殊的:teachteaches;fly-flies;watch-watches; wash-washes;watch-watches; wash-washes;push-pushes; brush-brushes;catch-catches; study - studies;其余的直接加s.动词变名词:a.-般情况下在动词后面直接加er。teach-teacher ,workworkerfplay player, sing singer.以e结尾的动词直接加r。write writer,d rived riverfcome comerf dancedancerb.符合重读闭音节的动词，先双写最后一个字母，再加er。runrunner, beginbeginner,swimswimmeractactorC.部分单词在词尾加or。visit visitor zd.本身既是动词又是名词。cookcook, doctordoctor2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性形容词性第一人称1（我）mewe （我们）USmy （我的）our （我们的）第二人称you （你）youyou （你们）youyour （你的）your （你们的）第二人称he （他）himthey （他/她/ 它们）themhis （他的）their （他/她/它 们的）she （她）herher （她的）it （它）itit （它的）注意：Who当作特殊的第三人称单数（Who sings well?）3.指示代词指近处指远处单数this （这个）that （那个）复数these （这些）those （那些）三、Be动词用法Be 动词常见形式 is , am , are , was , were , being 等常用口诀：我用am ,你用are , is跟着他he.她she.它it.,复数全部都用are. were见Be动词用法现在式amwas主语是第一人称单数我I,is主语是第二人称单数he、she、it、his son、my friend、等arewere主语是第一人称复数we 主语是第一人称不首单数还是复数you 主语是第二人称复数my partents冠词a、an、the的用法和区别1、口诀：冠词分为定冠、不定冠；/不定冠词a和an;/ a和an,的含义表泛指；表示特指要用the ,次序、方位、最高级;/世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提;以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭；/名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前。2、a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u ）前，a用于辅音日索刖。冠词含义用法a一个一般是用来辅音开头的单词刖如:I have a problem.固定搭配如:a lot of , a few , a little 等an一个用于兀音字母（a、e、i、0、u ）刖 如:an apple.the这个 那个特指双方都明白的人或物如:Give me the book.上文提到过的人或事：如:Do you know the lady in blue?指世上独一物二的事物如:the sun （ skv / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe ）单数名词连用表示一类事物；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：如:the dollar, the fox. the rich, the livinq.用在序数词和形容词最局级,形容词only , very, same ,表示身体部 位的名词等前面：如:序数词the first, the second.形容词最高级the best.用在表ZF乐器和表方位的名词刖：如：表示乐器play the piano 方位词the east与复数名词连用，指整个群体如:They are the teachers of this school （指全体教师） They are teachers of this school （指部分教师）用在形势的复数名词之前,表示一家人如：the Greens指格林一家人或格林夫妇在比较级的两种句型中：表K越，就越”时。表K'两者中 比较”时，用定冠词。如:the lighter, the better.越轻越好 o如:there are two books on the table, i like the thicker one.用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前：如：the great wall（长城），the people's park（人民公园）等。the people's republic of china 中华人民共和国还有一些固定搭配：in the morning （afternoon , evening） , in the end , in the rain, by the way , in the sky （water , country） , in the dark ,五、There be结构就近原则be动词的选择取决于紧跟在后面的名词数量。如:There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.There are some students and a teacher in the classroomo六、like+to do与I ike+doing的区别和用法1、like to do sth :偶尔喜欢做某事。如：I like to stay at home when it rains.下雨时我喜欢呆在家里。（表达一种选择）2、like doing sth : 一直喜欢做某事。表示长时间的喜欢做某事，指兴趣爰好。如：I like swimming. I like eating chocolate. (一种熟子) 七、句型转换一同义句It' stime for sth= If s time to do sth.该是时间了(注：for后面跟名词 ;t。后面跟动词原形)如:It7 s time for dinner.=Itr s time to have dinner.(2 ) What time is it?= What' s the time?几点呢？(3 ) There is(are) no.(s).=There isnr t / arenf t any.没有(4 ) have no.= don' t have(any)没有a) They have no legs or arms. =They don' t have any legs or arms.(5 ) has no = doesnr t have (any)没有(6 ) I like picnics. = I like having picnics. 注：like后面跟名词复数或动名词(动词 +ing)(7 ) show sth (某物)to sb(某人)=show sb (某物)sth(某人)向展示东西(8 ) give sth(某物)to sb(某人)=give sb (某物)sth(某人)给人东西(9 ) What a lovely ant != How lovely the ant is!多么可爱的蚂蚁啊(10 ) That is Jan' s umbrella.= That umbrella is Jan' s.那是杰的伞(I) What' s wrong with him? = What' s the matter with him?他怎么了?八、句型转换一否定句be 动词(am、is、are ) , be 后直接+not、情态动词(can、could、mays must, should, will, would ) + not、助动词(do、does ) + notSome变为any , and变为or, too变为either,其他的照抄。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词(am、is、are ),如有,直接在be动词后+ not如:I am a teacher.I am not a teacher.There are some books on the table There are not any books on the table.2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ noto如:She can help me.>She can't help me.3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ noto分四个步骤：(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语(某人或某物)后，动词前。如：I like mathI don't like math.(2 )确定助动词用do. does ,根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do ,动词是第三人 称单数的助动词就用does ,如:He likes apples-He doesn't like apples.(3 )在助动词后加noto(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。如:The little girl wants to go there.The little girl doesn't want to go there.（在这里第三人称单数需要加S ,所以是wants , do第三人称要改为does ,改为否定句doesdoesn t,所以 want 可以出卓 s.）九、句型转换一疑问句海是问句1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。（口诀：句中情态未曾见，再看句中有无be ;有be直接放句首，二三人称不用变；第一人称变作二，be中am变成are ; was还要变were ,其余不变句号变。） 如:He is a worker. Ts he a work?I am happy every day. Are you happy every day?I was poor ten years ago. Were you poor ten years ago?2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。（口诀：陈述要变疑问句，情态动词为老大；情态动词放句首，第一人称变第二；如有some变any ,其它不变句号变。）如：I will go shoppingWill you go shopping?（第一人称要变成第二人称）He can speak English .Can he speak English?I can help me. Can you help me?There are some fruits on the table -Are there any fruits on the table?3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（口诀：句中无情又无be ,只能依靠助动词；句首变成助动词，其余变化按需要。）（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。如:I want to go swimming. Do you want to go swimming?He plays basketball every day Does he play basketball every day?(2 )确定助动词用do还是does ,根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do ,动词是第 三人称单数的助动词就用does如:He likes playing football. -Does he like playing football?(3 )把助动词后提到句首。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。如:We visited the Great Wall three years ago. Did you visit the Great Wall three years ago?特耀问句常用疑问词:疑问词意思用法What time /when什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点Which哪一个问选择What什么问东西、事物Why为什么问原因What colour什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量(可数名词)问数量How much多少钱；多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)How about怎么样问意见How far多远问路程十、时态十、时态般现在时表示经常出现，或者反复发生的事情或动作，经常与often, usually, sometimes,always, every day , every week , every month, every year等词连用。1、一般现在时的功能：表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2、一般现在时的构成：be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:He runs every day.3、一般现在时的变化be动词的变化。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be + 主语+其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?行为动词的变化。否定句:主语 + don't( doesn,t) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Do you often play football?-Yes, I do. / No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Does she go to work bybike? - Yesf she does. / Nof she doesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?十一、时态一现在进行时常与now, listen, look ,at this time等词一起出现，表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，结构：主语+be动词（am, is, are）+动词ing.1 .现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶 段正在进行的动作。如:He is running now.（正在跑） Look! It is snowing.（正在下雪）3 .现在进行时的否定句在be后加noto如:She is not listening now4 .现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如：Are you listening?5 .与always , constantly , forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状 态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。如:You are always changing your mindo 你老是改变主意。6.与动词 come , go , arrive , leave , start, begin , return 等瞬时动词的现在进 行时可以表示将来。如：I 'm leaving tomorrow,明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week?你会在这儿呆到下周吗?