八年级英语下册阅读理解章节知识点总结及练习测试题.docx

八年级英语下册阅读理解章节知识点总结及练习测试题 一、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习(含答案解析)1.阅读理解Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per cent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying.Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy!Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are the monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still!Posture (姿势).A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips (崛起|霜唇).You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.(1) How many kinds of body language are mentioned in this passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.(2) , you may cross your arms.A. When someone helps youWhen someone upsets youB. when someone hits youWhen someone pleases you(3) You should hold your head level if you.A. want others to take your words seriouslywant to be friendly in listeningB. want to be politewant to make fun of others(4) What does the underlined word refer to?A. Lifting your arm. B. Nodding your head. C. Giving a posture. D. Pursing your lips.【答案】(1) C(2) B(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】主要讲了肢体语言。(2) 细节理解题。 根据 Finally, one of the men climbed up a tree. The other one jumped into a hole.最后其中一个人爬上树，另外一个跳进一个洞里。故选A。(3) 细节理解题。At last, the man in the tree got angry and shouted to his friend in the hole, "You fool! Stay in that hole for a while; otherwise, this bull will keep us here all day!"最后，树 上这个人很生气，对洞里的朋友喊道你个傻子！在那个洞里呆一会；否则，这头公牛会让 我们整天呆在这里的。可知另外这个人没有在洞里。故选D。【点评】此题考查阅读理解。事实细节题，细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的 细节，在原文中可以直接找到答案。8.阅读理解To most of us, home is the safest and warmest place in the world. But eighth graders at Shenzhen Sunshine Middle School are trying to figure out ways to escape their homes as quickly as possible in case of an emergency.Teachers asked students to draw emergency evacuation (紧急撤离)maps of their homes to learn about how to escape in the event of a fire.The project meant a lot to Shen Wei. When he was younger, the 10-year-old once played with fire and almost burned his family's house down. Since then, the possibility of another fire has always been on his mind. By drawing the map, he said he was able to surmount his fear. Now, he is feeling relaxed.On his map, Shen marked possible sources of fire at home, including the fridge, computer and bookshelves He said these areas should be avoided in the event of a fire.While most students only mapped out one evacuation route, Yan Jun, 13, made three Yan and his parents live on the third floor of their building. At first, he thought his family could only escape by going down the stairs. But later, he got the idea from the way his family laundry.Usually, Yan's family hang clothes on their balcony. Sometimes their clothes fall to the second floor because of the wind. Instead of walking down the stairs, Yan's father sometimes climbs down outdoor air-conditioner units to get the clothes.Does this sound like a good evacuation route? Yan also suggested using a rope to climb out the window. With so many ways to evacuate, I won't be scared, even if there is a real fire, "said Yan.(1) What does the underlined word surmount mean?A. reuseB. keepC. produceD. control(2) According to Shen, which of the following may not cause a fire?A. FridgeB. Water tankC. CompD. Bookshelves(3) How did Yan get inspiration (灵感)for his second evacuation route?A. From his homework.B. From the internet.C. From his family's laundry.D. From his father's job.(4) Which of the following is a suitable title for this passage?A. Escaping your home during a fire.B. Safety rules during a fire.C. Emergency situations in public.D. Don't be afraid of fire.【答案】(1) D(2) B(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述深圳阳光中学8年级的老师要求学生画火灾紧急逃离的 地图以便学习如何逃离火灾。(1) 词义猜测题。 根据 the possibility of another fire has always been on his mind. By drawing the map, he said he was able to surmount his fear.可知，另一场火灾总是在他的脑海中，通过 画地图，他说他能够克服自己的害怕心理，推出surmount的意思为控制，故选D。(2)细节题。根据 Shen marked possible sources of fire at home, including the fridge, computer and bookshelves可知，水缸可能不会引起火灾，故选B。(3)细节题。根据 But later, he got the idea from the way his family laundry.可知，他从他家 的洗衣房得到灵感，故选C。(4)主旨题。本文主要讲述火灾期间如何逃离火灾，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解能力，细节题、词义猜测题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细 节题要从文中寻找答案；词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思；主旨题需要通读 全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。9.阅读理解Welcome to "Share Ideas"! I'm Tony Brown. This is Professor Lira He is a scientist. He has many exciting ideas about life in the future. Let's listen to what he has to say!"I think in the future, travelling will be much cleaner and safer. Most cars will run on solar energy (太阳能).There will be less pollution. The cars will be driven by computers and there will be no accidents (事故).All of the computers will work together with radio signals (信 号)"I also think that people will be able to go back to the past through a time tunnel (隧道).If they do something wrong, they will be able to go back and do it again and try not to make the same mistake.""Housework will become much easier because you'll just tell a robot to do it.""In the future, people will be able to talk with each other on the phone more easily, and you'll be able to see the person you're talking to on the screen of the cellphone."What do you think life in the future will be like? Send us a letter.Our email address: .See you next time!(1) What are Professor Lin's ideas about?A. Travel in the future. B. TV programmes. C. Life in the future. D. Future telephones.(2) Professor Lin thinks that cars might be driven by.A. radio signalsB. computersC. solar energyD. policemen(3) Which of the following is NOT true according to Professor Lin?A. There will be no car accidents.B. People won't get sick.C. Robots will help people do housework. D. People will be able to go back to the past.(4) If you want to share your ideas, what will you probably do?A. Call Professor Lin.B. Telephone Tony Brown.C. Buy new cars running on solar energy. D. Send them emails.【答案】(1) C(2) B(3) B(4) D【解析 1【分析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了教授Lira对于未来生活的一些想法。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段 He has many exciting ideas about life in the future.可知教授 Lira的想法是关于未来的生活的。故选C。(2)细节理解题。根据第二段 The cars will be driven by computers and there will be no accidents (事故).可知，他认为将来的汽车是电脑驾驶的。故选B。(3)推理判断题。根据第二段there will be no accidents (事故).可知,他认为将来会没 有交通事故；根据第四段 Housework will become much easier because you'll just tell a robot to do it.可知,将来会有机器人帮我们做家务;根据第三段I also think that people will be able to go back to the past through a time tunnel (隧道).可矢口,他认为将来人可以通过时光隧道 回到过去，可知并没有提到人是否会生病。故选B。(4)细节理解题。根据倒数第二句Our email address: shareideas.可知，如果 你想分享你的想法，可以给他们发邮件。故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全 文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。10 .阅读理解North American black bears are shy animals. They are fearful by nature, and will usually run away if they see or hear people. Because of this, it can be difficult for scientists to learn about these animals.In order to study black bears, researchers from New Jersey, the US, catch bears and use drugs to help them go to sleep. Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bears, take blood, to test for diseases, remove a tooth and take it to the lab to find out its age. From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce.But in Minnesota, the US, researchers study bears that are completely awake. The bears know the researchers' voices and they are not afraid of the research team. With the help of a few grapes to keep the bears busy, researchers can touch them to check their hearts, look at their teeth, and do other jobs. Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives."In both places, the main purpose is the sameto make sure there is a healthy population of black bears. But the research methods and the kinds of information that researchers are able to collect are quite different.(1) In the first paragraph, we can learn that North American black bears are.A. shy and fearful animalsB. not found todayC. well known to scientistsD. not afraid of people(2) The word "remove" in the second paragraph probably means in Chinese.A.拔下B.移植C.清洗D.修补(3) Which of the following may NOT be included in the New Jersey studies on black bears?A. The age.B. The way of their communication.C. The weight.D. The number of babies they produce.(4) In the Minnesota studies, researchers.A. can never get close to the bearsB. study the bears while they are asleepC. use grapes to make the bears fullD. learn a lot about the bears' everyday lives【答案】(1) A(2) A(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了新泽西和明尼苏达州的科学家研究黑熊的不同方 法。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段 North American black bears are shy animals. They are fearful by nature.可知，北美黑熊是一种害羞和胆小的动物。故选A。(2 )词义猜测题。根据第二段and take it to the lab to find out its age.带去实验室研究它的 年龄，可知应先把牙拔掉，因此remove的意思是拔下。故选A。(3)推理判断题。根据第二段 Researchers then work out the size and the weight of the bears. 和 From these studies, researchers want to find out how many bears live in New Jersey, how long they live, and how many babies they produce.可知,新泽西的科学家研究黑熊的年龄、重量 和数量，但没有研究它们沟通的方式。故选B。(4)细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 Researchers can also walk or sit with bears for hours and make videos to learn about their everyday lives.可知，在明尼苏达州,科学家学习到很多 关于熊的日常生活。故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；其次带着问题通读全 文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。11 .阅读理解One day in a restaurant, the American writer Anne Herbert wrote this sentence on a piece of paper: "Random (任意的) actions of kindness." Later she repeated it in an interview on a TV show, and it soon caught people's eyes and made people think about how small "kind" actions could make our daily lives better.One rainy night, a woman was standing at a bus stop waiting for the bus. A man came by on a motorcycle and offered to give her a ride. Of course, the woman said no. It would be crazy to accept a ride from a stranger on a motorcycle. Suddenly the man reached out and put a 50-dollar bill in her hand. He said, "Please take a taxi. It hurts me to see you standing here in the rain." Before she could refuse, he left quickly on his motorcycle.Kind actions can be contagious. Once, a woman was going through a toll station (收费站) on a highway. Instead of paying for one ticket, she asked for two. She said to the toll collector, HThe second ticket is for the car behind me," She didn't know the person in that car. She just did it without thinking more. So when the next car came up, the toll collector said to the driver, "You don't have to pay. The woman in the blue car just paid for you." The driver was so surprised that he decided to pay for the person behind him. This continued with 14 drivers that day.So just imagine what the world will be like if we all practice random actions of kindness from time to time?(1) When the man on the motorcycle offered to give a ride, the woman probably felt he is.A. helpfulB. friendlyC. sillyD. strange(2) The underlined word "contagious" in Paragraph 3 probably means in Chinese.A.有感染力的B.有用的C.有生机的D.有说服力的(3) One of the features (特征) of “random actions of kindness” is.A. it's necessary to take time to plan for it B. you should wait for a proper time to do itC. to do something good without thinking D. to perform kindly for a certain need(4) Which of the following best ends the passage?A. We will not only give, but also get a lot out of it.B. It helps us understand why people help each other.C. Have you ever done any random actions of kindness?D. Will more people accept random actions of kindness?【答案】(1) D(2) A(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】主要讲了美国作家Anne Herbert在纸上写了任意的友好行为，结果吸 引人们思考小的善举可以让我们的日常生活更好，并且举例说明。(1) 细节题。 根据 A man came by on a motorcycle and offered to give her a ride. Of course, the woman said no. It would be crazy to accept a ride from a stranger on a motorcycle.可知骑摩 托车的男士主动提供搭便车，女士拒绝了，并且感到奇怪，故选D。(2)细节题。根据 Suddenly the man reached out and put a 50-dollar bill in her hand. He said, "Please take a taxi. It hurts me to see you standing here in the rain." Before she could refuse, he left quickly on his motorcycle.可知一个陌生男士给女士钱让女士坐出租车，和后文Once, a woman was going through a toll station (收费站) on a highway. Instead of paying for one ticket, she asked for two. She said to the toll collector, "The second ticket is for the car behind me.”女士 曾经帮助陌生人付票，可知善举是有感染力的，故选A。(3)细节题。根据random,可知意思是任意的、随意的，不经思索的，所以任意的友 好行为”的特征是不假思索做某事，故选C。(4)细节题，根据全文可知主要讲了任意的友好行为可以吸引人们思考小的善举可以让 我们的日常生活更好，即我们不仅给与，而且可以得到许多，故选A。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。12 .阅读理解Rock climbing did not become a sport until late in the 1900s. But now it has become a popular outdoor activity. While rock climbing may still be necessary for mountain climbing most people just climb low hills for fun.If you have ever done rock climbing, you will know that it is not a very easy sport. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing both need practice most people don't know that rock climbing sports that depend on your body and mind.To climb success fully, one must use wonderful skills. One of the important rules is to always have three parts of your body on the rock face. Another important rule is that your arms only hold you close to the rock face while your legs are pushing you up, the closer you are to the rock face, the easier it is to climb.Rock climbing is a wonderful sport. Once you start to learn how to climb, you'll find more Tu. People who like games such as chess playing or problem-solving may love rock climbing because they are nearly the same in the way of thinking. For anyone who wants to get into beautiful shape, rock climbing is a fun and good way. Anyone who enjoys a difficult game and loves the outdoors should think of taking rock climbing as a new hobby.(1) When did rock climbing become a sport?A. In 1900. B. Late in the 1900s. C. Early in the 1900s. D.