中考英语鲁教版复习【时文】历史钩沉（含答案）.docx

历史钩沉篇（一）After the American Revolution （革命） won in 1787, the new government in the USA had to choose a capital city. The thirteen states quarreled about this. So the government decided to build a new capital.The land on the River Potomac was given the name District of Columbia （D.C）. The new Capital was built on the north bank of the river. It was named after George Washington, the president of the USA.Washington D.C, a government city, is an important cultural （文化的）center as well as a big tourist （游览）center.Most capital cities have simply grown from small cities. Washington D.C., however, was planned as the capital of a great nation. It was designed by a French artist who first made a study of many capital cities of Europe. In general, his plan followed the plan of the beautiful French city of Versailles （凡尔赛）.1 .Washington D.C. is the name of.A. an American presidentAmerica's capitalB. a famous rivera beautiful garden2 .According to the passage, we can conclude that America's capital.A. lies in the center of the countrylies on the River PotomacB. was built by French workershas grown from a small city3 .According to the passage we can infer （推理）that Washington D.C is the center of Americas.A. politics, culture and travelingculture, traveling and sportsB. economy, sports and culturepolitics, culture and economyIt was designed by a french artist who first made a study of many capital cities of Europe. 该句为复合句。其主句为一般过去时的被动结构。government n. 政府quarrel v.争吵name after以命名design v.设计（二）Most people know that chocolate is made from cocoa （可可）and that the origins （起源）of chocolate can be traced （追溯）back to Central and South America For centuries, the natives （土著）there regarded cocoa as a gift from the gods. But how did chocolate go from being the food of the gods to being the food of love?Around A. D. 600, the Mayas were the main native group in Central America. They established （建立）the first cocoa plantations （农庄）and use d the cocoa bean as the main ingredient in a dark bitter drink that we would call "chocolate." The Mayas believed that chocolate had mystical （神秘的）properties （贝才产）-but cocoa also had commercial value. In fact, cocoa beans were used as a form of currency （货币）that was worth its weight in gold !Spanish conquistador （征月艮者）Hernando Cortez was the first European explorer （探险家）to realize cocoas commercial possibilities. When he arrived in the New World in 1519, he soon established his own cocoa plantation. In 1529, Cortez returned to Spain and introduced chocolate-as a drink mixed with sugar, vanilla （香草醛），and cinnamon （桂皮）to European society.As its popularity spread, people found new ways to make and use chocolate. These days, chocolate is enjoyed as both a tasty treat and a romantic （浪漫的）indulgence. Whether it is in delicious desserts or candy, people are still in love with chocolate. l.Who set the first cocoa plantations?A. The MayasB. The SpanishC. The Portuguese D. The Romans2.Where did chocolate originate from?A Central and South AmericaCentral and South AsiaB. AfricaAsia3 .What is the meaning of the underlined Word "commercial”?A.共同的B.商业的C.美味的D.严重的. What is the main idea of this passage?A. It introduces the development of chocolateChocolate is popular with the localsB. Chocolate is full of loveChocolate has mystical propertiesFor centuries, the natives there regarded cocoa as a gift from the gods.该句为简单句。短语regard.as表示把看作是trace v.追溯ingredient n.原料property n.贝才产dessert n.甜点（三）Like many other sports, table tennis began as a mild social diversion. It was popular in England in the second half of the nineteenth century under its present name and various trade names such as Gossima and WhiffWhaff. After the name Ping-Pong （an imitation of the sound made by the ball striking （碰）the table and the vellum bats （球拍）that were used） was introduced by J. Jaques & Son, the game became a fashionable craze.The game was popular in Central Europe in 1905-1910, and it had been introduced to Japan, where it later spread （传播）to China. After a period when it had droppedout of favor in Europe the game was revived in England and Wales in the early twenties. By that time "Ping-Pong" had been registered as a trademark, so the earlier name of table tennis was re-introduced. National associations （协会） were formed and standardization （标准化）of the rules began, both in Europe and the Far East. Then, over the next sixty years, table tennis developed into a major worldwide sport, played by perhaps thirty million competitive players and by uncountable millions who play less seriously. However, the game itself has not changed in essence （本质）since its earliest days, though it is faster, more subtle and more demanding than it was even only twenty years ago.1 .Which country did table tennis spread to china?A. EnglandB. FranceC. JapanD. America.When did the table tennis become a fashionable craze?A. After it developed into a major sportAfter it was createdB. Tn the eighteenth centuryAfter the name Ping-Pong was introduced2 .Why is table tennis also called Ping-Pong?A. Because it is funnyBecause it is popularB. Because of its soundBecause it is fast and subtle3 . The underlined word means.A. someB. fewC. manyD. severalAfter a period when it had dropped out of favor in Europe the game was revived in England and Wales in the early twenties.该句为复合句。When引导时间状语。standardization n. 标准化subtle adj.微妙的;机巧的（四）Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870, it was experiencing an economic boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted （吸弓 I） many people. Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs. These places didn!t pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city. As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known as the tango （探戈）came into being.At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes. It was danced in bars and streets. At that time there were much fewer women than men, so if a man didnft want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women. Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentine society and became more respectable.The popularity of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world. Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America. It reached Japan in 1926, and in 2003 the Argentine embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador, and promote （推进）tango dancing throughout South Korea.1 . The origin of the tango is associated with.A. belly danceB. American soldiersC. a Spanish cityD. capital of Argentina2 .What can be the best title for the passage?A. The History of the TangoB. How to Dance the Tango?C. The Modern TangoD. How to Promote the Tango?3 .From the passage after World War I, the tango didn!t spread to.A. Japan B. FranceC. AmericaD. South Korea. Which of the following is TURE about the tango?A. It was danced in parksA dancer in Seoul became an ambassadorB. It was associated with foreignersAt the beginning the tango was a dance of the higher classesAt that time there were much fewer women than men so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.该句为复合句。if引导条件状语从句，so that引导的目的状语从句。economic adj.经济的available adv.可获得地ambassador n.大使（五）The idea of Christmas with the royal family may conjure images of royal members with presents on the morning of December 25, but it turns out that their holiday is structured （构成）in a different way than you might expect oAccording to their official website, the royal family holds their gift-giving festivities on December 24 by laying their gifts out on trestle tables and opening them over teatime. This typically takes place in Sandringham Estate, the queen's private （私 人的）home in Norfolk, UK.According to the newspaper, the white tables are in the estate's red drawing room and feature name tags designating each member of the family's pile.The royal family's former chef （主厨）Darren McGrady told Express that the tradition is a nod to their German heritage （遗产）.“The royals are of German descent so the weave in German traditions to their celebrations he said to Express." After afternoon tea， they open gifts on Christmas Eve, as is the German tradition.Exchanging （交换）gifts on Christmas Eve frees up the family's Christmas morning to attend the annual 45-minute church service at the church of St. Mary Magdalene in Sandringham Estate.McGrady told Cosmopolitan that the service is followed by a big lunch consisting of roast chicken salads, and traditional sides such as parsnips and Brussels sprouts. The then regroup later fbr afternoon tea and fruitcake, followed by a buffet-style （自 助的） dinner later in the evening.l.Why does the British royal family have the tradition of opening gifts on December 24?A. This is in line with German traditional etiquette （礼仪）That is the Queen's orderB. The British royal family likes to open gifts on December 24The British like to celebrate Christmas on December 242 .What does the British royal family do after attending church service?A. Meeting with State Ministers and foreign guestsEnjoying lunch and having a buffet dinner together in the eveningB. Opening their giftsGathering at Buckingham Palace to meet reporters3 .Where can you read the passage?A. In a newspaperB. In an advertisementC. In a cartoonD. In a sport magazineThey then regroup later for afternoon tea and fruitcake, followed by a buffet-style dinner later in the evening.该句为简单句。followed引导伴随状语。royal adj.王室的gather v.集合attend v.参加consist of 由组成答案：（一）本文为记叙文。这篇短文讲述了美国首都华盛顿的历史。1.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句以及第三段，可知这是美国首都的名称, 故答案为B。2.B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句第二句，可知华盛顿特区位于波托马克 河的河畔，故答案为B。3.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容，可知华盛顿特区是美国的政治，文化及 旅游中心，故答案为A。（二）本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述了巧克力的开展。1 .A细节理解题。由文章第二段可知，玛雅人建立了第一座可可种植园。故答案 为Ao.A细节理解题。由文章第一段第一句可知，巧克力起源于中南美洲。故答案为Ao.B词义猜想题。根据画线词的下一句可知，可可豆曾经被当作一种与金子等值 的货币形式，由此可推知commercial与商业有关。故答案为B。4.A文章大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了巧克力的开展。故答案为A。（三）本文为说明文。这篇短文讲述了乒乓球的历史。1 .C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句，可知乒乓球由日本传入中国，故答案为C。2 .D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，可知在有了 Ping-Pong这个名字之后, 乒乓球才变得流行。故答案为D。3 .C推理判断题。根据第一段括号中的内容可知，这个名字是由球撞击发出的声 音而得来的，故答案为C。4 .C词义猜想题。根据文章最后一段第五句，可知乒乓球成为了全球范围的运动, 即很多人在打，故答案为C。（四）本文为说明文。这篇短文讲述了探戈这种舞蹈的产生以及开展流行历史。1 .D推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句，可知the city指的是Buenos Aires 布宜诺斯艾利斯，阿根廷的首都，故答案为D。2 .A主旨大意题。全文主要在讲探戈这种舞蹈的产生、开展和传播，而这是探戈 的历史，故答案为A。3.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后两句，可知探戈在第一次世界大战后才被传 到美国、日本和韩国，只有法国没被提到，故答案为B。4.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，可知探戈与这座城市新来的人密切 相关，而新来的人指的就是来布宜诺斯艾利斯找工作的外国人，故答案为C（五）本文为记叙文。这篇短文讲述了英国王室不在圣诞节当天拆礼物的原因。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第五段，可知英国王室成员遵循德国传统，在圣诞前 夜拆开礼物。故答案为A。2.B细节理解题。根据文章第七段，可知王室成员在那之后，要享用午餐和晚餐， 故答案为B。3.A推理判断题。综合整篇文章，可知文章介绍了英国王室不在圣诞节当天拆礼 物的原因，应属于王室新闻，故答案为A。