2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点十三必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues.docx

十三必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解A“Becoming Jane”Through 7 September 2021National Geographic MuseumJane Goodall began observing chimpanzees in 1960 at Gombe Stream Game Reserve in what is now Tanzania, but her first study of animal behavior took place some 20 years earlier, when she, at 5 years old, spent several hours in a hen house, waiting to see how a hen laid an egg.That curiosity helped drive Goodall to become one of the most famous scientists of the 20th century. Her evolution from an innocent child to a "global icon （偶像）“is documented in "Becoming Jane”, an exhibit in Washington, D. C. through 7 September. After that, it heads to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County."Becoming Jane“ is technology-heavy. Interactive digital displays, 3-D experiences and a hologram （全息图）-like appearance by Goodall herself will draw the attention of both adults and youngsters. For those who have followed Goodairs career closely, the real treat is seeing her birthday gifts and books from her childhood, field notes, Ph. D. papers and other personal belongings and photos.Visitors will follow the path of her childhood dream gradually coming true, then the course of her field study about chimpanzees in African wild forests, with remarkable achievements, and finally her recent life as an Animal Rights activist.PRICE $15WHEN 22 November 20207 September 2021LOCATION 1145 17th Street NWWashington, D. C. 20036【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 Jane Goodall的经历以及在华盛顿特区举 办的“Becoming Jane”主题展览的内容、特色和时间、地点等。1. Where is "Becoming Jane" held before 7 September 2021?A. In Tanzania.B. In Washington, D. C.C. In Los Angeles County.D. In Jane's hometown.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her evolution from.documented in，Becoming Jane', an exhibit in Washington, D. C. through 7 September. ”可知，2021 年 9 月 7 日前展览 在华盛顿特区举办。2. What may attract Jane GoodalPs followers most?A. Treats for children.B. Free books by Jane.C. Jane's personal items.D. The applied technology.【解析】选co细节理解题。根据第三段可知，对那些追随Goodall的事业的人来说，真正的 乐事是看到她小时候的生日礼物和书籍、野外记录、博士论文以及其他个人财物和相片。因 此最吸引Jane Goodall的追随者的是她的私人物品。3. What type of writing is this text?A. A story.B. An advertisement.C. An official report.D. A celebrity profile.【解析】选B。推理判断题。文章首段简单介绍了 Jane Goodall的经历，然后引出在华盛顿 特区举办的“Becoming Jane”主题展览，且文章最后给出了票价、举办时间和地点等信息，符合广告的文体特点，故选BoBMany people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people as kind and considerate, 9,says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. "Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give. ”For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. "Apologies act as a signal of one's moral character, Fehr says.Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. "The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing, “says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. "Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.95“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for, “says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. "But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on his/her misdeeds, says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. "The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize, says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. "There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了许多人拒绝道歉，因为道歉使他们很丢面 子。但是，道歉是一个人道德品质的标志，本文就给出有效的道歉进行了说明要承担责 任、越真诚越好。4. Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize?A. They are kind and considerate people.B. They are afraid of losing face.C. They believe themselves right.D. They have high moral standards.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句For many,叩ologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. 可知，对许多人来说，道歉是一种有压力的、尴尬的和不舒服的行为。根据 stressful, awkward and uncomfortable可知，许多人认为道歉是很丢面子的事情。5. What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology?A. To express regret.B. To express what went wrong.C. To accept responsibility.D. To request forgiveness.【解析】选Co细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.可知，对责任的承认是最重要的一件事，接着是对其发生原因的解释和对其表示遗憾。 所以，说到有效的道歉，最重要的是承担责任。6. What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph?A. The sooner, the better.B. The later, the better.C. The more often, the better.D. The more genuine, the better.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.可知，在这些情况下，没有什么比不真诚的道歉更糟糕的了。据此判断出 道歉时，越诚恳越好。7. What is the passage mainly about?A. How you can make an effective apology.B. Why people avoid apologizing.C. What benefits you can get from an apology.D. When you can make a heartfelt apology.【解析】选Ao主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了许多人拒绝道歉。第二段讲述了真诚的道歉 有积极的影响。三、四两段就做出有效的道歉进行了说明一要承担责任、越真诚越好。可 知本文大意是怎样才能有效地道歉。n.阅读填句In an effort to stop the pandemic's advance, we may be finding ourselves taking certain precautionary （预防的）measures and maintaining a reasonable degree of social distance. Our habits have had to change to accommodate the reality of coronavirus. People are advised against touching high-touch surfaces in public places, including elevator buttons, door handles, and especially other people's hands. Consequently, the traditional habit of handshake has been substituted for other gestures, like elbow bump （碰撞）and foot tap, which involve less bodily contact. 2 The foot tap and the elbow bump have a way of feeling vaguely ridiculous, and it's hard to take them entirely seriously, especially in business settings. Centuries of tradition has normalized handshake in our culture, and it may be too deeply rooted in our custom to be abandoned.3 In 1996, a sales manager developed an experiment to test the impact of the handshake on strangers. He found that more people told the truth when he introduced himself to them with a handshake before asking the question. " A handshake, “he later told The New York Times. "creates a higher level of trust, a degree of familiarity, within a matter of seconds.”With more communication on screen, the handshake is an occasion to reach out and touch one another, to enjoy a tiny, fleeting connection. 4 And meeting someone face to face, whether a client or a colleague, always suggests a closer level of familiarity than merely touching base online.As the coronavirus spreads and habits change, it may prove that you can't fist bump or foot tap a handshake either. There's something in human nature that responds to the handshake. It feels good to shake the hand of someone you respect or admire, to have that moment of bonding. 5 When COVID-19 is a distant memory, chances seem good that the handshake will prevail （流 T）again.A. The handshake is the first thing to go.B. In a sense it can't be seriously replaced.C. The handshake is a way of maintaining relationships.D. The real human contact feels all the more precious now.E. The handshake is also a rare gesture of casual closeness.F. These touch-free alternatives are likely to replace the handshake.G. However, adjusting to these new forms of greeting has been difficult.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明因为新型冠状病毒，握手这一传统的手势被其他 的问候姿势替代。但是作者认为握手有助于让人们之间建立亲密感，不会被真正代替的。1 .【解析】选A。空前一句说明因为新型冠状病毒，我们不得不改变习惯；而A项说明因为 新型冠状病毒，人们首先要改变握手的习惯。下文第二段说明握手的传统习惯被其他的姿势 所替代。故选A。2 .【解析】选Go空前一句说明为了减少身体接触，传统的握手的习惯已经用其他的手势代 替，像手肘相碰和脚相碰；而G项说明适应这些新的问候方式一直很困难。其中However表 示转折;these new forms of greeting 指代空前句中的 0ther gestures, like elbow bump and foot tap0 故选 Go.【解析】选E。该空位于段落的首句，应该是该段的主题句;E项说明握手也是一种罕见的 很随意、也很亲密的手势。下文又提到一位销售经理做的一个实验，他认为握手在几秒钟内 就能营造出很高程度的信任和熟悉感。其中trust（信任），familiarity（熟悉）和E项中的 closeness（亲密）意思相关。故E项可以作为该段的主题句。3 .【解析】选Do空前一句说明现在人们在屏幕上的交流越来越多；空后一句提到与人面对 面交流，总能让人感到更加熟悉。而D项说明“现在人与人之间的真正接触显得更加珍贵了二 其中the real human contact与空前一句中的communication on screen相对应，也与空后一句中的 meeting someone face to face 意思相同。故选 Do4 .【解析】选B。B项说明在某种意义上，握手是不能被真正取代的；空后一句提到当新型冠 状病毒肺炎成为一个遥远的记忆时，握手有可能还是会流行，空后一句是顺承B项的话题, 说明握手这一问候姿势不会被其他的姿势替代，还是会流行起来的。故选Bom.语法填空The height of the world's 1.(high) mountain, Mount Qomolangma, also known 2. Mount Everest in the West, has been updated by surveyors(测量员)and it is now measured as standing 8, 848. 86 meters above sea level, China and Nepal(尼泊尔)announced on Tuesday. The measurement 3. (announce) jointly by President Xi Jinping and his Nepalese counterpart Bidya Devi Bhandari as they exchanged letters on Tuesday.The two governments 4. (agree) to jointly announce the new height. In his letter, Xi noted that the teams of the two 5.(country) overcame various difficulties, carried out important work and finally determined the new height.As the movements of the Indian and Eurasian plates continue, regular remeasurement of the peak needs to be updated. Theoretically, this should be done every 10 to 15 years, said Dang Yamin, 6.is in charge of the coordination of height measurement technologies.Mount Qomolangma is 7. important symbol of bilateral (双边的)friendship. Tuesday's announcement on the mountain's height is significant in 8.(link) the past and the future, and it fully reflects the high level of the evolving China-Nepal relationship. China is willing to work with Nepal 9. (promote) cooperation in 10. (environment) protection and scientific research on Qomolangma.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰依然在生长 之中，它现在的最新高度是8 848. 86米。1 .【解析】highest,.考查形容词最高级。根据语境知，这里表示世界上最高的山，所以用high 的最高级highest,.【解析】aso考查固定搭配。根据句意和语法知识知，此处be known as是固定搭配，表示”作为而出名二.【解析】was announcedo考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境和下文exchanged知，时态为 一般过去时；同时根据介词by可知，测量是被宣布的，故填was announced。2 .【解析】agreed0考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，时态为一般过去时，故填agreed。3 .【解析】countries。考查名词的数。根据上文的tw。可知，此处是中国和尼泊尔两个国家，故 用复数形式。4 .【解析】whoo考查定语从句。根据句意知，先行词是Dang Yamin,在从句中作主语，同 时表示一个人，故填关系代词who。7【解析】an。考查冠词。根据句意知，此处表示“珠穆朗玛峰是双边友谊的一个重要象征”，且 important发音是以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。8 .【解析】linkingo考查非谓语动词。根据句意及介词in知，后面加动名词，故填linking。9 .【解析】to promote。考查非谓语动词。根据句式结构知，此处需要非谓语动词，同时表示 目的，意为“和尼泊尔一起工作来提升两国之间的合作”，故用不定式形式。10【解析】environmental。考查词性转换。根据语境知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰protection, 故填 environment 的形容词形式 environmentaloIV.应用文写作假定你是李华，国外友好学校师生代表要来你校访问，学校英语协会招聘志愿者来帮助接待来访的师生。你想应聘志愿者，请你写封信应聘，内容包括：1 .较好的英语口语能力；2 .有相关的工作经验；3 .应聘目的。【参考范文】Dear Sir or Madam,On seeing your notice of recruiting volunteers to help the visiting foreign friends, I'm more than excited to apply for the position, which I believe I am quite equal to.Owing to many years of English studying, I can talk in English fluently. So there's no problem for me to communicate with foreigners. In addition, I have ever served as a volunteer to receive foreigners, making myself more competitive and qualified for this position.Besides helping the foreign students, I think it is a great chance for me to practice my speaking skills and gain more experience.I will be really appreciate it if you can give me a chance. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua