第06讲 形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级-2022年新八年级英语暑假精品课(牛津译林版).docx
第06讲形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级【基础知识】一、比较级和最高级的构成方法(-)规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加er, -estlonglongerlongesttalltallertallest以不发音字母e结尾时,力口-r, -stlatelaterlastestlargelargerlargest以辅音字母加y结尾 时,把y变L再加-er, -esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音 字母时,双写该辅音字母,Min-er, -estbig hotbigger hotterbiggesthottest多音节词 和部分双 音节词在原级前加more,mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful(二)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进farthest (最远)furthest(最人程度)oldolder(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的)oldest(年纪最大的)eldest(最年长的)二、原级的用法 考查形容词原级。notasas不如,短语中间用形容词或副词原级,此处用big。故选A。14. A【解析】【详解】句意:随着5G技术的发展,我们的日常生活变得越来越便利。考查比较级。convenient便利的。根据“has become”,可知句子表达比较级“越来越便利”,用"more and more convenient”。故选 AoA【解析】【详解】句意: 习近平主席在抗击疫情期间说了什么? 没有什么比人们的安全和健康更重要。考查复合不定代词。Nothing 没什么;Everything 一切;Something 某事。根据"is more important than people's safety and health”可知,此处用否定词+比较级+than表示“没有比更的了",故选A。15. C【解析】【详解】句意:乘火车旅行比乘飞机慢。但它比坐飞机更有趣。考查形容词比较级。interesting有趣的,原形;less interesting不那么有趣;more interesting更有趣的;most interesting最有趣的。根据“than”可知此处用比较级,排除AD;根据“Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it'sthan by plane”可知虽然火车比较慢,但是它更有趣。故选C。16. B【解析】【详解】句意:怀化的空气比以前更好。考查形容词比较级。good好的;better更好的,更好;best最好的,最。根据“than”可知,此处应用形容词 比较级better。故选B。17. A【解析】【详解】句意:我们越早采取行动保护环境,对我们的未来就越好。考查比较级结构。better更好的;best最好的;worse更差的;worst最差的;结合“The earlierthe”可知, 此处是“The+比较级,the+比较级”的结构,结合“we take action to protect our environment”可知,越早采取行 动越好,故选A。18. C【解析】【详解】句意:由于各种各样的课外活动,我们的学校生活比以前更加丰富多彩。考查形容词比较级的用法。colorful精彩的,形容词原级;colorfully精彩地,副词原级;more colorful更精 彩的,形容词比较级;the most colorful最精彩的,形容词最高级。become是连系动词,后接形容词作表 语。根据“than”可知,此空应填形容词比较级,故选C。19. A【解析】【详解】句意:泸州建有高铁站,去成都旅游方便多了。考查形容词比较级。BC两项是错误表达,排除;be动词后加形容词作表语,排除D。故选A。20. A【解析】【详解】句意:好运属于勤劳的人。你越努力,你就会越幸运。考查比较级。the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越.就越”,固定搭配,故选A。21. C【解析】【详解】句意:你昨天看足球赛了吗? 是的!我认为这是我看过的最激动人心的比赛。考查最高级。exciting兴奋的,原级;more exciting更兴奋的,比较级;most exciting最兴奋的,最高级。 根据"that I have ever seen”可知,需要形容词的最高级;故选C。22. D【解析】【详解】句意:长江是世界上最长的河流之一。考查形容词最高级。one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词,表示“最之一”,故选D。23. C【解析】【详解】句意:中国最长的河是什么? 长江。考查形容词最高级。根据"in China”可知,三者以上的比较要用最高级,故选C。24. helpful【解析】【详解】句意:海伦和玛丽亚一样乐于助人,她们总是乐于帮助别人。help“帮助”,名词或动词。根据“Helen is asas Maria”可知,此处是指一样的乐于助人。as形容词原级as“和一样",空处需填入形容词 helpful"愿意帮忙的"。故填helpful。25. dangerous【解析】【详解】句意:大熊猫不像老虎一样危险,但是它们现在处于危险中。句子用“not as+形容词原级+as”的结构表达 “不像一样的"。dangerous“危险的”,形容词;not as dangerous as tigers“不像老虎一样危险的“。故填 dangerous osleepier【解析】【详解】句意:当你累的时候看书会让你更困。make sb+形容词“让某人处于某种状态”。根据“Reading books when you are tired”可知,当你累的时候看书,这会让你"更困”,even“甚至”修饰形容词sleepy的比较级 sleepiero 故填 sleepiero26. further【解析】【详解】句意:维维安决定毕业后去英国深造。根据“after graduation”可知要进行更深层次的学习,用far的比较级 further表示“更多的;更进一步的"。故填further。27. bigger【解析】【详解】句意:我不敢相信第一台电脑竟然比汽车大得多。根据“than”可知,需要比较级,big的比较级是bigger,故填 biggerofewer【解析】【详解】句意:这个英语故事的生词比那个少。few“少的”,根据“than”可知要用比较级形式fewer。故填fewer。28. snowier【解析】【详解】句意:明天扬州的雪会更大。snowy“下雪的”,是形容词,even“更加,甚至“修饰形容词比较级,snowy的 比较级为snowiero故填snowiero29. quieter【解析】【详解】句意:我认为乡村比城市安静得多。我同意你的看法。根据空后than的提示可知,空处的形容词 应用比较级形式;quiet“安静的”,其比较级形式为quieter。故填quieter。30. worse【解析】【详解】句意:一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。根据句中的“than”可知,此处使用比较级;bad的比较级是 worseo 故填 worseo31. more outgoing【解析】【详解】谁更外向,蒂娜还是塔拉? 我认为是蒂娜。根据“Tina or Tara?”可知此处需使用比较级, outgoing“外向的",是形容词,其比较级为more outgoing。故填more outgoing。32. inventions【解析】【详解】句意:计算机是世界上最重要的发明之一。oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“最之一”,固定 用法;invent“发明”,动词,对应的名词是invention“发明”,复数形式为inventions。故填inventions。33. the most ancient【解析】【详解】句意:在这些诗中,十四行诗第十八首是最古老的一首。根据“Among all these poems”可知要用形容词 最高级,ancient"古老的",其最高级为 the most anciento 故填 the most anciento34. worst【解析】【详解】句意:星期三是他一周中最糟糕的一天。根据“of the week”可知,此处用最高级,bad的最高级是worst, 故填worst o35. closest【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:在这三个超市中,这家离我家最近。根据“Of the three supermarkets”可知I,三者之间的比较用最高 级,故填closest。36. closest【解析】【详解】句意:在所有的超市中,这一个是离我家最近的。close"接近的”,是形容词,根据“Of all the supermarkets, this one is the.to my home.”可知此处要用其最高级形式closes俨最近的",故填closesto37. least【解析】【详解】句意:丹尼的牛奶是三个人中最少的。little“少的”,此处需使用其最高级形式表示:三者中最少的, least"最少的”,故填least。38. better【解析】【详解】句意:Sum打鼓比Tom好。根据空后than的提示可知,空处的词应用比较级;well“好”,副词,其比较级 形式为better"更好”。故填bettero39. earlier【解析】【详解】句意:妈妈总是比我起得早。此空修饰动词gets up,应填副词,much修饰比较级,故填earlier。40. beautifully【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:你知道谁钢琴弹得最好,谁唱得最动听吗?此空修饰动词,应用副词的最高级形式,空前有“the most”,空处用副词原形,构成最高级形式,故填beautifully。41. worst#the worst【解析】【详解】句意:所有的科目中,我数学成绩最差。根据“Of all subjects”可知,用badly的最高级worst,副词最高级 前可以加定冠词the,也可以不加the。故填worst/the worsto42. . farthest【解析】【详解】句意:我弟弟在我们学校跳得最远。他太棒了。far“远”,既可以作形容词也可以作副词,此处是副词,根 据“in our school”可知此处应用副词最高级,故填farthesto1、说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级2、有表示程度的副词very, so, too, enough, quite等修饰时用形容词原级。3、原级比较即同级比较,表示两者在某一方面相同时或不同时用原级。具体结构如下:用法例句A+系动词/动词+as+原级+as+B,(肯定)意为“A与B一样”表示相同或相等(即A=B).China is almost as big as the US, but it is the biggest country in Asia.A+be/动词+not+so/as+原级+as+B (否定)意为“A不及B那样”表示不如或不相等(即AXB)1 can't run as fast as my brother.A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B意为“A是B的倍”(常见倍数:一半half, 一倍 once,两倍twice,三倍及以上:数字+times)。Our school is twice as large as theirs.as much/many/+as,表示前后的数量相同。John earns an much money as his brother.as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词意为“像一样”,此结构可形成许多习惯用于,多用于 口语。He is as busy as a bee.三、比较级的用法(1)由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时,用形容词或副词 的比较级 o 如:Ifs even colder today.比较级的常见结构有:A+ be/动词+比较级(含more+多音节形容词/副词原 级)+than+ B,表示“A比B”,即A>BSam has longer hair than Tom.The +比较级,the+比较级 表示“越,就越”.The more books you read, the more widely your mind will open up.比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越”.注意:若为多音节词的比较级,则用“more and more+形容词原级”表示“越来越”Talent shows are getting more and more popular.A+be/动词+比较级+than any other+可数名词单数He did better in math than any other boy in hisclass.A+be/动词+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B 表示“A不及B",即A<BThe film was less interesting than the book.表示两者之间进行选择时,用句型:Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao?Which/Who+be/动词 + 比较级,AorB?表示“两者之间较的一个”时,常用 “the+比较级” of +名词He is the thinner of the two.表示“几倍于”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”结 构。Your room is three times bigger than mine.四、最高级的用法1 .表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高 级前可以不加。2 .最高级常见结构有:用法例句A+be/动词+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围He is the tallest of the three boys.Jim writes(the) most carelessly in his class.A+be+one of +the+最高级+名词复数 表示“A是中最之一”。He is one of the best players in the school.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用句型:Which/Who+be/动词+the+最高级,A, B or C?Which city is the most beautifuLBeijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围” 表示“第几个最”。She is the second tallest girl in our class.形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指不代词、名I got into a fight with my best friend.词所有格等修饰,但不能再加the【考点剖析】考点一:形容词的原级例1. (2021 黑龙江通河县教师进修学校八年级期末)一What do you think of the movie we saw just now?一It's good. But I don't think it's the one we saw last SundayA. as interesting asB. as more interesting as C. the most interesting1. A【解析】句意: 你觉得我们刚才看的那部电影怎么样?很好。但是我不认为它像我们上周日看到的那个一 样有趣。考查形容词原级。as interesting as 与一样有趣;as more interesting as 表述错误;the most interesting M有趣。根据“the one we saw last Sunday”可知,此处是表达“与上周日看到的那个一样有趣”,用as.as,中间用原级。故选A.例 2. (2021 吉林长春外国语学校八年级期末)No ocean in the world is as as the Pacific Ocean.A. bigB. biggerC. biggestD. the biggestA【解析】句意:太平洋是世界上最大的海洋。考查形容词原级。"asas”意为”和一样”,短语中间用形容词原级big,此处表示“和太平洋一 样大:故选A。例 3. (2022广东广州八年级期末)The weather in Guangzhou in winter is cold that inBeijing.A. as; asB. so; asC. not as; asD. not as; likeC【解析】句意:广州冬天的天气不像北京那么冷。考查形容词的原级比较。根据常识可知,广州的冬天没有北京的冬天冷,所以此句应为否定句;结合句意 和“cold (寒冷的)”可知,此处是形容词的原级比较,其在否定句中的结构为“not asas故选C。考点二:形容词的比较级例4. (2021.湖南岳阳市岳阳楼区教育科学研究室八年级期末)The Yangtze River is river in China.It's a little than the Yellow River.A. longest; longerB. the longest; the longer C. the longest; longerC【解析】句意:长江是中国最长的河流。它比黄河略长。考查形容词等级。longest最长的,常与定冠词the连用;longer较长的,一般情况不与the连用。根据“in China”可知,第一空应该使用最高级;根据“than”可知,第二空应该使用比较级。故选C。例5. (2021 湖)匕武汉年级期末)An elephant is a panda.A. very heavier thanB. many times as heavier asC. many times heavier thanD. as many times heavy as2. C【解析】句意:大象比熊猫重很多倍。考查倍数表达。very后不接比较级,排除A; asas中间用形容词原级,排除B;表达倍数时可用“倍数+ 形容词(或副词)的比较级+than+其他”结构或“times+as+形容词(或much)或副词原级+as”结构,C 项符合。故选C。例6. (2022江苏吁胎县教师发展管理中心研训部八年级期末)The number of the giant pandas is becoming because there is living space for them.A. fewer and fewer, less and lessB. fewer and fewer, smaller and smallerC. smaller and smaller, fewer and fewerD. smaller and smaller, less and less3. D【解析】句意:大熊猫的数量越来越少,因为它们的生存空间越来越少。考查形容词辨析和比较级。fewer and fewer越来越少,修饰可数名词复数;less and less越来越少,修饰不 可数名词;smaller and smaller越来越小,修饰面积、体积或者数量。第一空作表语修饰主语"the number of the giant pandas”,表示数量少用small,因此第一空为smaller and smaller;第二空作定语修饰不可数名词 “living space”,表示“生存空间越来越少”,应用less and less。故选D。例7. (2022山东莒南县教育科学研究与发展中心八年级期末)If there are people driving, therewill be pollution.A. less; lessB. less; fewerC. fewer; lessC【解析】句意:如果开车的人少一些,污染就会少一些。考查比较级。less较少的,修饰不可数名词;fewer较少的,修饰可数名词。第一空修饰可数名词people, 要填fewero第二空修饰不可数名词pollution,要填less,故选Co例8. (2021陕西榆林市第一中学分校八年级期末)一Did you do well in the test, Jimmy?一No.I think I did than before.A. badlyB. worseC. the worstD. badB【解析】句意: 这次考试考得好吗,吉米? 不好,我觉得我比以前考得更差。考查副词比较级。badly差,副词;worse更差,比较级;the worst最差,最高级;bad不好的,形容词。根据than可知,空处应用副词的比较级,故选B。例9. (2022黑龙江黑河市第二中学八年级期末)一I carft pass the exam. What should I do?-Take it easy. I think careful you are,mistakes you will make.A. the more, the fewerB. the more, the lessC. much more, fewerA【解析】句意:我不可能通过考试。我该怎么办?一一不要着急。我认为你越仔细,你犯的错误就越少。考查形容词和副词比较级。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”,排除C; mistakes是可 数名词复数,其前用fewer而不用less,排除B。故选A。考点三:形容词的最高级例10. (2022江苏吁胎县教师发展管理中心研训部八年级期末)All of them can take the job, but I just want to know who is.A. the most patient B. more patient C. the most patiently D. patientA【解析】句意:他们都可以胜任这份工作,但我只想知道谁最有耐心。考查形容词最高级。根据“is”可知,这里填形容词作表语,因此是形容词patient;又根据“AU of them”可 知,这是三者及三者以上的比较,因此用形容词最高级,故选A。例 11 .(2022北京东城八年级期末)Yuan Longping is one of scientists in the world.A, greatB , greaterC - greatestD. the greatestD【解析】句意:袁隆平是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。考查形容词最高级。"one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最之一”,故此处要用great的最高级 greatest;形容词最高级前的定冠词the不能省略。故选D。例12. (2021 .广西贺州市平桂区教育科学研究所八年级期末)The Caspian Sea is of all the saltlakes. Ifs about 1,025 meters deep.A. deepB. deeperC. deepestD. the deepestD【解析】句意:里海是所有盐湖中最深的。大约有1025米深。考查形容词最高级。根据"of all the salt lakes”可知是三者及以上的比较,应用形容词最高级,且前面加 the。故选Do【真题演练】(2021 广西桂林中考真题)Guilin isn9t as as Beijing.A. bigB. biggerC. biggest(2022胡南岳0日中考真题)With the development of 5G technology, our daily lives have become.A. more and more convenientB , the most convenientC , convenienter and convenienter(2022四川乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题)一 What did Chinese President Xi Jinping say during the epidemic (疫情)?is more important than people's safety and health.A. NothingB. EverythingC. Something(2022天津中考真题)Travelling by train is slower than by plane. But it's than by plane.A. interestingB. less interesting C. more interesting D. most interesting(2022湖南怀化中考真题)The air in Huaihua is than before.A. goodB. betterC. best(2022云南昆明中考真题)The earlier we take action to protect our environment, the it will befor our future.A. betterB. bestC. worseD. worst(2022云南中考真题)Our school life has become than before because of all kinds of after-schoolactivities.A. colorfulB. colorfullyC. more colorful D. the most colorful(2022四川泸州中考真题)With a high-speed train station built in Luzhou, it is much for us totravel to Chengdu.A. easierB. easilierC. more easyD. more easily(2022四川遂宁中考真题)Good luck belongs to hard-working people.you work, the luckier you will be.A. The harder B. HarderC. The hardest D. The hard(2022四川乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题)一Did you see the football match yesterday?一 Yes! I think it is the game that I have ever seen.A. excitingB. more excitingC. most exciting(2022重庆中考真题)The Yangtze River is one of rivers in the world.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest(2022四川自贡中考真题)一What's the river in China?一The Yangtze River.A. longB. longerC. longest【过关检测】二、用所给单词的正确形式填空4. (2022福建漳州八年级期中)Helen is as(help) as Maria, they are always ready to help others.5. (2022甘肃兰州八年级期末)Giant pandas are not as(danger) as tigers. But they are in danger now.6. (2022江苏吁胎县教师发展管理中心研训部八年级期末)Reading books when you are tired can make you even(sleep).7. (2022江苏日于胎县教师发展管理中心研训部八年级期末)Vivien decided to go to England for(far) study after graduation.8. (2022山东莒南县教育科学研究与发展中心八年级期末)I can't believe that the first computer was much (big) than a car.9. (2022江苏扬州八年级期末)This English story has new words than that one. (few)(2022江苏扬州八年级期末)It will be even in Yangzhou tomorrow, (snowy)10. (2022云南昭通八年级期末)一I think the countryside is much(quiet) than the city.一 I agree with you.11. (2022江苏盐城八年级期末)Lost years are(bad) than lost dollars.12. (2022湖南宁远县教研室八年级期末)一Who is(outgoing), Tina or Tara? 一I think Tina is.13. (2022上海闵行年级期末)Computers are one of the most important in the world. (invent)(2022广东深圳实验学校中学部八年级期末)Among all these poems, Sonnet 18 is (ancient) one.14. (2022江苏扬州八年级期末)Wednesday is his day of the week. (bad)(2022湖南永州八年级期末)Of the three supermarkets, this one is the(close) to my house.15. (2022湖南,宁远县教研室八年级期末)Of all the supermarkets, this one is the (close) to my home.16. (2022黑龙江勃利县教师进修学校八年级期末)Danny has the(little) milk of the three.17. (2022山东临沂八年级期末)Sum plays the drum than Tom. (well)(2022山东临沂八年级期末)Mom always gets up much than me. (early)18. (2021 .山东.郸城县教学研究室八年级期末)Do you know who can play the piano the best or sing the most (beautiful).19. (2021 广东珠海市文园中学八年级期中)Of all the subjects, I did(badly) in math.20. (2021 天津武清八年级阶段练习)My brother jumps(far) in our school. He is so great.参考答案:13. A【解析】【详解】句意:桂林不像北京那么大。