2023年人教版高考英语总复习第一部分教材考点指导 必修 第一册 Unit 4Natural Disasters.docx

Unit 4 Natural Disasters Step 1外列精读培养文化意识yInvestment in Curbing Natural Disasters 控制自然灾害的投资How should the world protect itself from natural disasters and climate change? And who should be paying for this kind of protection? These and other questions are being asked at the United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. The conference is taking place this week in Sendai, Japan. A powerful earthquake and tsunami struck the area four years ago.Tom Mitchell works at the Overseas Development Institute, an environmental and humanitarian policy group. He says the cost of natural disasters should force an agreement, “Finance, who's gonna pay for the scale of the problem, particularly given that climate change is ramping this up and there's an expectation on the richer, polluting countries to pay a bit more. Thafs a sticking point. Issues of whether we are talking about conflict risk and disaster risk together and the link between those are really problematic for some countries, particularly in the Middle East.”Delegates(代表)mostly agree that natural disasters are causing bigger problems. But they are having a difficult time deciding how to reduce the risks. The severe damage caused by Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu is pressuring them to reach an agreement on how the world should deal with natural disasters.外刊概要本篇文章列举了近年来发生在世界各地的自然灾害 以及自然灾害带来的影响。人们逐渐意识到自然灾害对人类的生产 和生活芾来了非常大的影响，并采取了系列措施应对这一W响。主题语境人与自然课标话题自然灾害思维品质 调动已有知 识和经验，归纳概括整合 文本信息；了解自然灾 害的严重性以及运用所 学应对灾难，减少损失。对接教材必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 选择性必修第二册 Unit 3 Environmental Protection选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration I .一词多义(strike)典型例句 He wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he came tomorrow than today.他现在想见我，但是我现有这么多的工作以至于我宁愿他明天来。语境速测用hand相关短语填空He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble, for which I was grateful.If you hand in your homework late, attach a note explaining the reason for the delay. If you go to the party, it is polite to arrive on time. It is good manners to shake hands with your host.(4)When I cut one of my fingers yesterday, I couldn't put my hands on any bandages at home.These traditional customs should be preserved and handed down one generation after another.词块必记in handin hand在手头；在处理中at hand在手边；可能很快发生的 by hand用手工hand in交上；提交hand out分发hand over 交出；移交hand on交付，传递hand down宣布，把传下去lend sb. a hand伸出援手shake hands 握手hand in hand手拉手；密切关联put one's hands on 找到on the one hand. . on the other hand.一方面另一方面写作金句On the one hand, they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons. On the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.方面, 它彳门有助于提高 我的书写技能并开阔我的眼界。另一方面，它们能丰富我的生活，并且给我提供极大的乐 趣。【备选要点】sweep away消灭；彻底消除典型例句 Any doubts had long since been swept away.一切怀疑早已完全消除。语境速测用sweep短语填空Ninety-mile per hour winds swept across the plains.The cleaner was just sweeping up as I left the building.A sudden feeling of grief swept all my anger away.The crowd swept throuqh the gate of the stadium.词块必记sweep up打扫；清扫sweep over/across/around 扫视； 掠过sweep through 扫过； 掠过写作金句When the city is still sleeping soundly before the dawn comes on, it is the cleaners who sweep up the floors or streets in spite of the chilly wind or the heavy rain.黎明前城市仍然沉寂在一片酣睡中时，不管寒风还是大雨，是清洁工们在清扫着地面和街道。【in经典句型】速积表达8. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat.鸡群，甚至是猪群都太紧张了而不吃东西。典型彳列句 I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film.我当时太年幼，不理解这部电影的含义。，语境速测翻译句子He was too eager to know the result of his examination.他太急于知道他考试的结果。You can't be too careful when you do your homework.你做作业时再小心也不为过。，句型公式(1 )too+adj. /adv. (for sb. ) +to do sth.表示否定的意义，意思是“(对某人来说)太而不台匕，目匕O当too. . . to.用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。(3)can5t/can never. . . too.再怎么也不过分。9. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！典型例句 Paul fought the wolf bravely as if he were a superman.保罗仿佛是一位超人，勇敢地与狼作斗争。语境速测单句语法填空The woman loves the children as if she were (be) their mother.(2)When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he had been scolded (scold) by someone else.Tom raised his right hand as if to say (say) something.句式升级She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.>She stood there as if waiting for someone.(省略句)>句型公式It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if.(对某人来说)似乎如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反：did/were与过去事实相反：had done与将来事实相反：would/could. +do如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语 和be动词。写作金句He can speak English very fluently as if he were a native Englishman, so you can talk to him freely. 他英语说得非常流利，好像一位英国本地人，所以你可以和他随意交谈。oStep 3进阶特训提升学f能力o【I单句语法填空】知识为基1. The old man went through a lot of sufferings(suffer) in the old days and lives a happy life now.2. A rescue worker rescued two tourists who had been trapDed(trap)in the mountain for two days.3. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy).4. The firefighters came here right away to rescue (rescue) those trapped in the burning building.5. (2021 新高考 I )Shocked(shock)and proud, their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids”.1.1 would truly appreciate it if you are willing to give a hand to us.7. The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to stop unwanted sound from affecting (affect) you.8. (2021 新高考 I 卷)To their relief(relieve), with the guidance of father, they successfully made the breakfast.9. The economic revival (revive) of the country depends on the young generation.【n选填短语】能力为重as usual, suffer from, set up, dig out, go through, in shock, in ruins, make efforts, sweep away, be affected by1. In the first two months after the outbreak of the tsunami, I was still in shock and couldn't sleep well at night.2. They set up schools, factories and hospitals in this poor area to help the local people.3. There is no denying that we can't live as usual without good health.4. If you can't work out on a regular basis, you will often suffer from your weak body.5. She went through many difficulties and suffered a lot at an early age.6. The press watchdogs spare no effort to dig out the secrets of those famous people.7. The fierce civil war that lasted for two years left the glory of the country in mins.8. We must make efforts to improve ourselves to meet the audience's various tastes.9. The violent waves crashed on the rocks and swept away everything on them.10. We are affected by his devotion to easing the patient's suffering in the mountainous area.【in句式仿写】价值引领1. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.仿写：从高中到大学短期内很难适应。Going from senior high school to university is hard to adjust in a short period.2. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.仿写：连日下雨，好像庄稼要减产了。It is raining heavily these days. It seems as if the output of the plants would be reduced.2.1 was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.仿写：他正在认真写作业，突然听到有人喊“着火了。”He was doing his homework attentively when he heard someone shouting "Fire! Fire!4. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.仿写：有些游客中心提供电动自行车，这样上山就容易些。Some tourist centers offer electric bikes, which makes it easier to qo up hills.5. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.仿写：我想知道你是否会考虑我的申请并给我一个机会。I am wonderinq whether you could consider my application and give me a chance.【IV应用领悟】素养导向假设你是来自美国的汤姆，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请 你给王林写一封信，内容包括：1 .询问王林及其家人是否安好；.得知该地震的影响:6人死亡,500多人受伤,20人失踪,200多所房子坍塌；2 .愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。注意:L词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Wang Lin,Yours sincerely,Tom【参考范文】Dear Wang Lin,How are you doing? When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city. I was really concerned about you and your family.I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster. It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured. Whafs worse, 20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down. I hope that none of your family members were injured.Please don't be worried. Everything will be fine. If you need any help, please let me know. As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.Yours sincerely,Tom1. It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.突然想起He fell on the ground, striking his head on the edge of the table. 碰撞3.1 was struck by the beauty of the city and fascinated by the local customs. 吸引 n.佳句仿写.我认为他不是一个坚定的人，所以我们可以迫使他让步。(force)I don't think he is a determined man, so we can force him to give in.1 .直到清晨人们才看清了损失的规模。(scale)It was not until morning that the scale of the damage could be seen.2 .这是个重大问题；我们需要花更多时间考虑。(issue)This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.o一Step 2考点突破:熏语言靛力,一OI重点单词】巧积词汇1. ruin n. U毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；n. C(pl.)废墟；遗迹；v.(使)破产；(使)堕落; 毁灭教材重温In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. (P50)在不到一分钟的时间内，"b大城市 变成了一片废墟。，语境速测单句语法填空The violent earthquake has ruined(ruin) the household's life since it happened.It rained for one week on end, completely mining (ruin)our holidays.Drunk driving not only ruined himself(he) but also killed several passers-by.词块必记(l)lie/be in ruins(l)lie/be in ruins变为/成为废墟go to ruin/fall into ruin 败落bring. to ruin 使毁灭； 使没落ruin表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。(2)ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途affect vt.影响；深深打动；(疾病)侵袭 典型例句 He spends too much time on maths, and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects.他花了很多时间在数学上，这反过来影响了他其他学科的进程。，语境速测单句语法填空The traffic issue not only affects (affect) our everyday life, but may also threaten people's lives.©Affected (affect) with high fever, he continued with his work.完成句子Many young people were affected by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.许多年轻人被他的故事所感染，开始自愿帮助残疾人。 词块必记(l)be greatly/deeply affected by 被深深打动be affected with high fever 发高烧(2)effect/i.作用；影响have an effect/influence on 对产生影响写作金句(2021 全国乙卷)Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，而一个共同工作的空间或咖 啡馆会提供一定程度的噪音，但同时也不会受到干扰。2. trap使陷入险境；使陷入圈套儿陷阱；险境教材重温Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P50)地震后不久，部队派出了 15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群 众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。，语境速测单句语法填空Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude, waiting to be rescued.Suddenly there was a power failure; they were trapped (trap)in the lift.句式升级Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases which are trapped in the atmosphere.一Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere. 完成句子That big boy always trapped other children into doing things(哄骗其他孩子估攵事)for him and was criticized by the teacher severely one day.词块必记(l)be trapped in.被困在中trap sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套set a tmp for sb.给某人设圈套shock vt.（使）震惊；震动n.休克；令人震惊的事；震惊教材重温People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.(P50)人们很是震惊，当天下午晚些时候，另一场大地震再次袭击了唐山。b语境速测单句语法填空I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock.完成句子We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.我们对他昨天突然去世这一令人震惊的消息感到震惊。The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.幸存人员躺在海岸上，又累又惊词块必记be shocked to do sth.be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊be shocked at. 对感到震惊a shock to.使吃惊知识拓展electric shock触电；电休克cultural shock文化冲突3. bury vt.安葬；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏教材重温The army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P50)部队派出150 000名战士去唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并掩埋死者。，语境速测完成句子With so many people buried under the ruins, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.这么多的人被埋在废墟中，没有一个援救人员停下来休息。句式升级Because he buried himself in/was buried in(专心于)his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.一Buryini himself in his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状 语)一Buried in his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语) 词块必记(l)bury one's head/face in hands 双手抱头/掩面(2)be buried in=bury oneself in 专心于be buried in thought 陷入沉思 巧学助记表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个：be absorbed in, be devoted to, be lost in, focus on, concentrate on, pay attention to 等。 写作金句He failed in the College Entrance Exam and buried his face in his hands weeping.他高考失利，双手掩面而泣。【备选要点】1. damage n. &vt.损失;损害> 典型例句Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me.他虽然身体残缺，但并不服 输，仍然领先于我。，语境速测单句语法填空My respect for him came to an end when I saw him doing damage to a shared bike.选词填空(ruin, damage, destroy)The palace was destroyed completely rather than slightly damaged, which can't be repaired, leaving only ruins.这座宫殿不是轻微地损坏，而是被彻底地破坏了，无法修复，只剩下废 墟。> 词块必记cause damage to 对造成危害> 名师点津 ruin, destroy 与 damageruin指一次性、彻底地毁坏，无可挽回的伤害，但不一定完全毁灭。止矽卜，ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“坏了二in ruins意为“成为废墟；遭到严重破坏”destroy强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量中巴某物彻底毁掉，使之无法复原；有时用于比喻，意为“打破（希望，计划）；使失败”damage损失，损坏；多用于无生命的东西，指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复；这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的> 写作金句According to the report, staring at cell phone for long periods of time will damage our eyesight gradually.据报道，长时间盯着手机会逐渐损害我们的视力。2. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck/stricken, striking)击打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时; 划(火柴)n. C, U罢工；罢课；袭击典型例句 Greatly struck by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare writing remains powerful and true.我被精彩的语言深深打动，思考着莎士比亚 的作品居然在今天还是那么有力且真实。，语境速测写出下列句子中黑体词的词性和词义A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.vt, 突然袭击A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street.vt, 忽然想起It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. 罢工I got up early this morning before the clock struck five. (钟)报时词块必记(l)be struck with/by 为所袭击(感动)It strikes sb. that.某人突然想到strike.into one's heart 使刻骨铭心(3)be on strike 在罢工go on strike举彳亍罢工【口核心短语】妙积词块6. come to an end 结束教材重温It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! (P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临！，语境速测单句语法填空The meeting came to an end and he set down a great number of key points.(2)In the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years.完成句子The speech contest came to an end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in the end.演讲比赛结束了。庆幸的是我最终获得了一等奖。我辛苦的努 力最终得到了回报。 词块必记(l)at the end of. 在尽头，在末端