2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练 考点八必修 第二册Unit 2Wildlife Protection.docx

八 必修 第二册 Unit 2 Wildlife Protection（限时60分钟）I.阅读理解A（2022淮北模拟）More than 1, 500 feet below the surface of the ocean, it's darker than a moonless night. But even in this dark world, there9s constant activityincluding groups of Humboldt squids, each the size of a small adult human, darting around in search of fish.“You can think of them as little rocket ships. They jet through the water. And they engage in these feeding frenzies. They're always looking out for an opportunity to eat, " says Stanford University biologist Ben Burford. He says feeding in a group requires careful navigation.“These animals are pretty aggressive. So there's probably some risk to group living. Like, imagine driving in heavy traffic with a bunch of aggressive drivers. Thank goodness you have turn signals and brake lights and horns on your cars, because that prevents a lot of catastrophe from happening.Burford thinks Humboldt squids communicate in the dark ocean by using their own form of signaling. They do it by turning their bodies into animated message boards. How? They can rapidly change their natural color patterns on their skin by contracting and relaxing their muscles. What's more, their bodies can be bright, or glow.“They're creating a bioluminescent backlighting for their natural color patterns. So it becomes somewhat like an e-reader? something you can actually read in the dark. They're essentially just, you know, selectively revealing and concealing different parts of a glowing body, producing these patterns on top of a glowing body.”Burford suspected that the squids could be combining different natural color patterns to create complex signals. "So each of those elements could mean something. And they might have the potential to combine them to generate more meanings. M To find out, his team attached cameras to remotely operated vehicles in order to study the squids' behavior. "We looked at how they arranged their patterns in sequence during prey-capture events.”And Mario attempted to sit on the chair. Having difficulty seeing it, he missed and fell straight onto his backside. Everyone had a pretty good laugh. "Wait, wait, just a slight technical problem, “ he said, making another attempt. But again he missed the seat, causing more surprised looks, and a few catcalls. Mario wouldn't be beaten. He kept trying to sit on the magic chair, and kept falling to the ground. . . until, suddenly, he tried again and didn't fall. This time he sat, staying in mid-air-some friends were standing behind him.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Looking around, Mario saw three of his best friends holding him up, so he wouldn't fall.After the show, Mario told the three best friends about the bet and took them to see his grandfather.【参考范文】Looking around, Mario saw three of his best friends holding him up, so he wouldn't fall. He finally knew how the magic chair worked and experienced the magic that his grandfather had been talking about. The three best friends couldn't bear to see Mario fall again and came to help. Meanwhile, many others he had thought of as good friends did nothing but stand by and want to see Mario fall again and again, from which they got a lot of fun. They just enjoyed making fun of Mario.After the show, Mario told the three best friends about the bet and took them to see his grandfather. That evening, Mario's grandpa treated the four children to a big bag of popcorn. They had a great time eating popcorn, talking, laughing and listening to stories until very late. From grandpa's magic chair, Mario knew that true friends are those who care for us, not just any acquaintance who happens to be passing by. And someone who takes joy in our misfortunes is even less of a friend.Burford eventually hopes to do underwater experiments in which the squids are shown playbacks of their visual signaling-virtual glowing squids, if you will. Their reactions should be illuminating.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员猜测洪堡乌贼通过收缩和放松肌肉 迅速改变皮肤的自然颜色进行交流。1. Which of the following can best describe Humboldt squids?A. Pretty but sensitive.B. Mild but courageous.C. Aggressive but cooperative.D. Imaginative but cautious.【解析】选Co推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段可推知，洪堡乌贼虽然很有攻击性，但也相 互合作，以至于没有那么多“灾难”发生。故选coHow do Humboldt squids communicate in the dark?A. By creating color patterns on their glowing body.B. By touching other squids' bodies and muscles.C. By navigating their way carefully in groups.D. By examining their natural color selectively.【解析】选Ao细节理解题。根据第四段可知，洪堡乌贼通过在它们发光的身体上创造颜色图案来进行交流。故选A。2. What did the researchers do to study the squids' behavior?A. They operated the squids remotely.B. They collected and analyzed signals.C. They attached cameras to operable vehicles.D. They conducted some underwater experiments.【解析】选c0细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，他们通过远程操控带相机的工 具来研究乌贼的行为。故选C。3. Where can you most probably read this passage?A. In a travel guide book.B. In a health magazine.C. In a researcher lab record.D. In a scientific journal.【解析】选Do文章出处题。根据第四段和最后一E殳，并结合文章主要介绍研究人员猜测洪 堡乌贼通过改变皮肤的颜色进行交流可知，这和科学研究有关。由此推知，本文很有可能出自 一本科学杂志。故选D。【词汇积累】dartv.猛冲；飞奔；看一眼 瞥一眼think of. as. 才巴看做animatedadj.活跃的；生气勃勃的；栩栩如生的;（似）能活动的sequence.顺序，次序in sequence 依次，逐一【熟词生义】jet熟义:.喷气式飞机生义：V.乘坐喷气式飞机旅行；喷射B（2022长沙模拟）Cetaceans（鲸目动物）communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic （模 仿）artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.Pilot whales and orcas（虎鲸），the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Cure, a researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators.Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob（成群困住）and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.Mimicry could serve as additional defense; "One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey, “ Cure says. Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. "This is all underwater, “ she adds, “so these animals rely on sound fbr detecting their prey and predators. " Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings; Cure suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals, interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done very carefully. "A reaction to a predator can be very strong, “ Cure says. "In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，讲述长肢领航鲸拥有模仿虎鲸声音的能力。4. Which of the following is NOT shared by the pilot whales and orcas?A. They communicate through sound.B. They often live in the same environments.C. They can defend themselves through mimicry.D. They always live together with other group members.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第一段可知，pilot whales可以模仿声音，但并未提及orcas 可以模仿声音。A选项根据第一句可看出;B选项根据第二段中的.are often seen in the same environments（经常在相同的环境中被看见）”可以看出来D选项根据第二段中的”. live in social groups with strong union（ 它们都是群居动物）”可以看出来。故选CoWhat do we know from the fourth paragraph?A. The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey.B. The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas.C. The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains.D. The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orca calls to trick them.【解析】选Co细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Pilot whales eating orcas9 food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calk.（如果领航鲸使用类似虎鲸的声音，那它们吃虎鲸的食物残 渣便不会被发现。）”可知，领航鲸可以假装是虎鲸来分享食物残渣。故选CoHow do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring?A. By observing the whales from the distance.B. By mimicking the sounds in the experiment.C. By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book.D. By listening to or playing the sounds and watching the whales' reactions.【解析】选Do细节理解题。通过倒数第二段可知，通过倾听或播放虎鲸的声音来观察领航 鲸的反应。故选D。5. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Pilot Whales: Copy Orca CallsHow Orcas Mimic Pilot Whale CallsB. How Pilot Whales Defend ThemselvesOrcas and Pilot Whales: Predators and Prey【解析】选Ao主旨大意题。根据文章可以得出本文是讲述长肢领航鲸拥有模仿虎鲸声音的能力。故选A。教师专用4【词汇积累】assumption九假想，假定preyn.猎物，捕获物remainsn.剩余物；残留物；遗体；遗骸；遗迹；遗址n.完形填空It was early in the morning when people heard an unusual noise. They had no choice but to 1 to see what it was. The workers 2 the Parnu River cautiously to 3 the strange noise they overheard. It was not until they were about 100 yards out that they could 4 what it was. It turned out that there was a5 animal.The animal seemed to be a “dog”! Upon rescuing the "dog the men quickly wrapped it in a thick blanket to provide some much-needed 6 .The men phoned their local animal hospital, and then they were 7 that they should take it there as quickly as possible, so they did. The whole time there, the animal didn't 8 at all. In fact, it slept all the way silently there.Unfortunately, the vets felt confused and didn't 9 know what they had on their hands. So they phoned a local hunter. Thankfully, the hunter hurried down to the 10 and recognized it was a wolf!Sure enough, the wolf began to return to its 11 ways the moment it started to recover.The 12 arrived for the wolf to go back home. When they13 the cage that fine morning, it walked forward slowly and looked back several times. Not until they waved did it fly like a(n) 14 from the string and then disappeared into the 15.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了人们救起一只溺水的动物，结果发现他们救下的是一头狼。1. A. grow upB. take actionC. break upD. take charge【解析】选B。考查动词短语词义辨析。根据“It was early in the morning when people heard an unusual noise. ”可知，人们采取行动来看个究竟。故选B。2. A. preserved B. crossedC. approachedD. narrowed【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。根据“to the strange noise they overheard”可知，工人们小心翼翼地靠近河边。故选C。3. A. explore B. lessenC. removeD. delete【解析】选 Ao 考查动词词义驯辛析。根据"It was early in the morning when people heard an unusual noise.”可知，工人们小心翼翼地靠近河边是为了探索奇怪声音的由来。故选A。4. A. commentB. sustainC. holdD. tell【解析】选Do考查动词词义辨析。根据“It was not until they were about 100 yards out”可知，直 到他们在一百码的地方才能辨别出那是什么。故选D。5. A. drowningB. sleepingC. cheeringD. diving【解析】选Ao考查动词词义辨析。根据“The workers the Parnu River cautiously to the strange noise they overheard.”可知，是一只在Parnu River里溺水的动物发出的声 音。故选A。6. A. conservation B. dignityC. treatment D. warmth【解析】选Do考查名词词义辨析。根据“the men quickly wrapped it in a thick blanket”可知，用 厚毯子把它裹起来是为了保暖。故选D。7. A. warned B. informedC. encouragedD. declined【解析】选Bo考查动词词义辨析。根据“The men phoned their local animal hospital”可知，动物医院告知他们尽快把它送往医院。故选Bo8. A. emergeB. sufferC. moveD. function【解析】选Co考查动词词义辨析。根据“In fact, it slept all the way silently there. ”可知，这只动物一路上一动不动。故选C。9. A. everB. intentionallyC. evenD. generally【解析】选Co考查副词词义辨析。根据“Unfortunately, the vets felt confused”可知，兽医因 为困惑，甚至不知道需要如何处理。故选CeA. scene B. riverC. yardD. farmland【解析】选Ao考查名词词义辨析。根据“and recognized it was a wolf!”可知，猎人赶到现场 来并辨认此动物。故选A。10. A. particular B. extremeC. passiveD. natural【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。根据“the moment it started to recover”可知，狼一有好转 就开始恢复它的本性。故选D。11. A. timeB. symbolC. fateD. symphony【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。根据“the wolf to go back home”可知，狼恢复之后，到了狼 该回家的时候了。故选A。12. A. destroyed B. balancedC. openedD. expanded【解析】选 Co 考查动词词义辨析。根据“it walked forward slowly and looked back several times” 可知，人们打开笼子，让狼回归自然。故选C。13. A. needle B. arrow C. sign D. image【解析】选Bo考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到他们挥手，它才像离弦的箭一样飞奔起来，然 后消失在荒野里。needle针;arrow箭;sign标记，信号;image形象。根据“from the string and then disappeared into the"可知，狼像离弦的箭一样飞奔起来。故选B。14. A. fog B. crowdC. darkness D. wilderness【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。根据“The arrived for the wolf to go back home.常识可知，狼的家一般在荒野之地。故选Do【词汇积累】have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能wrapv.包，裹，缠绕sure enough果然m.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。（2022.邯郸模拟）There was once a boy called Mario who loved to have loads of friends. He showed off a lot, always talking about how many friends he had at school, and how he was so friendly with everyone else.One day his grandfather said to him, “Mario, I bet you a big bag of popcorn that you don't have as many friends as you think. I'm sure many of them are nothing more than companions, acquaintances, or partners in crime. ”Mario accepted the bet without hesitation. However, he wasn't sure how he could test whether or not his schoolmates were real friends, so he asked his grandpa. The old man answered, “I have just exactly what you need. It's in the attic. Wait here a minute.Grandpa left, soon returning as though carrying something in his hand, but Mario could see nothing there. "Take it. It's a very special chair. It's rather tricky to sit on because it's invisible, but if you take it to your school and you manage to sit on it, you'll activate its magic and you'll be able to tell who your real friends are.Mario, brave and determined, took the strange invisible chair and set off for school. At break time he asked everyone to form a circle, and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. “Don't move. You're about to see something amazing. ”