英语的五种基本句型教案1.docx
课题简洁句、并列句、复合句、句子的成分以及句子的五个根本句型教学目的教学目的:驾驭简洁句的五种根本句型构造 驾驭并理解句子的各个成分教学方法讲练结合教学过程一、简洁句、并列句、复合句依据语法形式,即句子的构造,英语的句子可分为简洁句、并列句和复合句。1、简洁句句型:主语+谓语只包含一个主谓构造,而句子的各个构造都只由单词或短语表示。简洁句有五种根本句型,详见第十七章。例:They are playing baseball in the garden.他们正在公园里打棒球。Her brother and sister both are teachers.她的哥哥和姐姐都是教师。2、并列句句型:简洁句+并列连词+简洁句(常见的并列连词有and,but,or)并列句是由两个或两个以上的简洁句连接而成。并列句中的各简洁句意义同等重要,互相之间没有附属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。例:My friend was at home, and we talked for along time.我的挚友在家,我们谈了好长时间。Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.她父亲是个医生,她母亲是个教师。3、 复合句句型:主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)二、句子的成分 组成句子的各个局部叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(干脆宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体局部(在英文中一般的句子必需有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成局部。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要局部。下面我们分别讲解并描述一下句子的各个成分: 1、 主语 主语是谓语讲解并描述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 例:We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲解并描述“谁”) 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. (讲解并描述“什么”很干净) 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.(数词作主语) 三个人缺席。 留意 :不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.) 2 、谓语 说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语局部里主要的词)必需用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必需一样。它在主语后面。 例:His Parents are doctors. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) 他的父母亲是医生。 She looks well.(系动词和表语一起作谓语) 她看起来气色(面色)很好。 We study hard.(实义动词作谓语) 我们努力学习。 我们已经看完了这本书。 He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语) 他会说英语。 3 、表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担当。它的位置在系动词后面。 例:You look younger than before.(形容词作表语) 你看起来比以前年轻。 I am a teacher.(名词作表语) 我是个教师。 Everybody is here.(副词作表语) 全部的人都出席了。 4 、 宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担当,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。(干脆宾语、间接宾语详见后面五种根本句型)。 例:She is playing the piano now.(名词作宾语) 她正在弹钢琴。 He often helps me.(代词作宾语) 他经常扶植我。 5、状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。(详见副词) 例:He did it carefully.(副词作状语) 他细致、细致地做这项工作。 Without his help,we couldn't work it out. (介词短语作状语) 假如没有他的扶植,我们不行能解决这个问题。 6 、定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词又可以作主语,还可以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位置很敏捷,但凡出名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。例:The black bike is mine . (形容词作定语)I have something to do . (不定式作定语)三、英语五个根本句式1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓) 1) S + V + adverbial(状语) Birds sing beautifully. 2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语) He went on holiday. 3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式) We stopped to have a rest. 4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词) I'll go swimming. 2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾) 1) S + VT + N/Pron I like music. 2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式) I want to help him. 常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。 3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do. 常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 4) S + VT + Gerund I enjoy living here. 常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等5) S + VT + That-clause I don't think (that) he is right. 常用于这句型的动词有:Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得) , hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(留神), notice, propose, request, report, say, see (看出),show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得惊奇)。 3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表) 除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2) 表转变改变的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表持续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。 4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词) He is a boy. 2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词) She is beautiful. 3) S + Lv + Adv (副词) Class is over. 4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health. 5) S + Lv + Participle(分词) He is excited. 4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(干脆 宾) 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book. 2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me. 留意:间接宾语前须要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前须要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。 5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补) 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom. 常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。 2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white. 常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay. 常用于这句型的动词有:a)不定式带to的词:advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词:feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。 5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词) I feel something moving. 常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show me how to do it. 常用于这句型的动词有:advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。 7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great. 常用于这句型的动词有:assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。