计算机网络课程设计报告校园网构建方案的设计和实现.doc

XX大学计算机科学与技术学院计算机网络课程设计报告 校园网构建方案的设计与实现专业班级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 日 期： 一设计任务及要求1.任务： 某高校现有三个地理位置分离的分校区，每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，现准备通过教科网接入因特网。而从教科网只申请到4个C-222.191.4.0）,为了安全，要求每个分校区的学生公寓子网与教师子网不在同一个广播域。同时，学校有若干台应用服务器，同时对内与对外提供web等网络服务。设计网络构建方案并实施该校园网络。2. 要求：(1) 根据具体情况，完成需求分析(2) 列出实验所需设备，完成网络拓扑结构图(3) 完成各项设备的具体配置(4) 调试运行二基本思路及相关理论1. 基本思路：(1) 由于每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，C类网络无法满足该数量级的主机地址需求， 因此在三个校区以及服务器区中使用B类私网地址172.16.0.0。(2) 由于校园网内使用的是私网地址，所以需要在边界路由器上配置网络地址转换（NAT），校园网内主机访问外网时使用动态地址转换，内网服务器使用静态地址转换来给外网提供服务。(3)由于每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，若手动为每台主机配置ip地址，那么工程量是极大的，而且主机的添加与删除对网络的影响也较大。为了解决这一问题，并且便于网络管理，需要配置DHCP服务。(4)任务要求每个分校区的学生公寓子网与教师子网不在同一个广播域，那么使用VLAN技术来满足这一要求，创建两个VLAN，分别是VlanStudent与VlanTeacher。(5)使用三层交换机来实现VlanStudent与VlanTeacher之间的通信，使用路由器来实现不同校区之间的通信。(6)配置DNS服务器给校园网内的WEB Server与FTP Server提供域名解析，给用户提供人性化的服务。2. 相关理论：(1)ip的层次结构、寻址方案以及每种类别的ip地址所能提供的最大主机数(2)子网划分的原理及步骤(3)可变长子网掩码（VLSM）对ip地址利用率的最大化(4)vlan技术分隔广播域(5)三层交换机实现VLAN间路由(6)动态路由协议OSPF实现路由汇聚，提供不同校区间的路由(7)使用命令default-information originate来向OSPF域中注入默认路由(8)主机跨网段请求DNS服务的实现 三方案设计（网络设备与拓扑结构）四网络的具体配置(1)三个校区以及服务器区的接入层交换机提供足够多的以太网接口，使用默认配置即可。(2)汇聚层交换机的配置a.校区一的三层交换机的配置如下：Building configuration.Current configuration : 1868 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Switchip dhcp pool VlanStudentip dhcp pool VlanTeacherip routinginterface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdowninterface FastEthernet0/2interface FastEthernet0/3interface FastEthernet0/4interface FastEthernet0/5interface FastEthernet0/6interface FastEthernet0/7interface FastEthernet0/8interface FastEthernet0/9interface FastEthernet0/10interface FastEthernet0/11interface FastEthernet0/12interface FastEthernet0/13interface FastEthernet0/14interface FastEthernet0/15interface FastEthernet0/16interface FastEthernet0/17interface FastEthernet0/18interface FastEthernet0/19interface FastEthernet0/20interface FastEthernet0/21interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode accessinterface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode accessinterface GigabitEthernet0/1interface GigabitEthernet0/2interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdowninterface Vlan2interface Vlan3router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.4.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.0 0.0.0.3 area 0ip classlessline con 0line vty 0 4 loginendb.校区二的三层交换机的配置如下：Building configuration.Current configuration : 1888 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Switchip dhcp pool VlanStudentip dhcp pool VlanTeacherip routingno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/2interface FastEthernet0/3interface FastEthernet0/4interface FastEthernet0/5interface FastEthernet0/6interface FastEthernet0/7interface FastEthernet0/8interface FastEthernet0/9interface FastEthernet0/10interface FastEthernet0/11interface FastEthernet0/12interface FastEthernet0/13interface FastEthernet0/14interface FastEthernet0/15interface FastEthernet0/16interface FastEthernet0/17interface FastEthernet0/18interface FastEthernet0/19interface FastEthernet0/20interface FastEthernet0/21interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode accessinterface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode accessinterface GigabitEthernet0/1interface GigabitEthernet0/2interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdowninterface Vlan2interface Vlan3router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.16.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.20.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.4 0.0.0.3 area 0ip classlessline con 0line vty 0 4 loginendc.校区三的三层交换机的配置如下：Current configuration : 1888 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Switchip dhcp pool VlanStudentip dhcp pool VlanTeacherip routingno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip address duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/2interface FastEthernet0/3interface FastEthernet0/4interface FastEthernet0/5interface FastEthernet0/6interface FastEthernet0/7interface FastEthernet0/8interface FastEthernet0/9interface FastEthernet0/10interface FastEthernet0/11interface FastEthernet0/12interface FastEthernet0/13interface FastEthernet0/14interface FastEthernet0/15interface FastEthernet0/16interface FastEthernet0/17interface FastEthernet0/18interface FastEthernet0/19interface FastEthernet0/20interface FastEthernet0/21interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode accessinterface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 2 switchport mode accessinterface GigabitEthernet0/1interface GigabitEthernet0/2interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdowninterface Vlan2interface Vlan3router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.36.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.8 0.0.0.3 area 0ip classlessline con 0line vty 0 4 loginend(3) 核心层路由器的配置a. 与校区一相连的路由器Router1Building configuration.Current configuration : 825 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Routerno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/0 duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdowninterface Serial0/0/0 clock rate 4000000interface Serial0/0/1interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdownrouter ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.20 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.24 0.0.0.3 area 0ip classlessline con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 loginendBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 825 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Routerno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/0 duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdowninterface Serial0/0/0interface Serial0/0/1 clock rate 4000000interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdownrouter ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.4 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.24 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.12 0.0.0.3 area 0ip classlessline con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 loginendBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 806 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Routerno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/0 duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdowninterface Serial0/0/0interface Serial0/0/1interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdownrouter ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.8 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.12 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.16 0.0.0.3 area 0ip classlessline con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 loginendBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 1836 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Routerno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/0 ip nat inside duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/1 ip nat inside duplex auto speed autointerface Serial0/0/0 ip nat inside clock rate 4000000interface Serial0/0/1 ip nat inside clock rate 4000000interface Serial0/2/0 ip nat outside clock rate 4000000interface Serial0/2/1 no ip addressinterface Vlan1 no ip address shutdownrouter ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.16 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.20 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.28 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 222.191.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 default-information originateip nat inside source list 1 pool Campus overloadip nat inside source static 172.16.64.1 222.191.1.254 ip nat inside source static 172.16.64.2 222.191.1.253 ip nat inside source static 172.16.48.30 222.191.1.252 ip classlessip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 222.191.1.2 access-list 1 permit anyline con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 loginendBuilding configuration.Current configuration : 635 bytesno service timestamps log datetime msecno service timestamps debug datetime msecno service password-encryptionhostname Routerno ip domain-lookupinterface FastEthernet0/0 duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdowninterface Serial0/0/0interface Serial0/0/1 no ip address shutdowninterface Vlan1 no ip address shutdownip classlessline con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronousline vty 0 4 loginend(4) 服务器的配置a. WEB服务器的配置如下：b.FTP服务器的配置如下：c.DNS服务器的配置如下：五.调试运行过程1. 校区一ping校区二2. 校区一ping校区三3. 校区二ping外网主机4. 校区三ping Web服务器5. 校区三ping Ftp服务器6. 外部主机ping内网Web服务器7. 外部主机ping内网Ftp服务器六调试过程中出现的问题及相应解决办法1. 问题：在网络规划中要使用DHCP服务来自动给主机分配ip地址，但是主机请求DHCP服 务的数据包是广播包，无法跨越路由器。如果在每个VLAN中添加一个DHCP服务器，那么网络的实施成本将大幅度提高。 解决方案：开启每个校区的三层交换机的DHCP功能，给通过设置default-router来给相应的VLAN提供DHCP服务。2. 问题：为了给用户提供人性化的服务，在网络规划中要使用DNS服务器。主机请求DNS服务的数据包是广播包，无法跨越路由器。在每个网段中配置一台DNS服务器是不现实的。 解决方案：将DNS服务器放置在校园网络的出口路由器上，为内网与外网提供域名解析服务。同时每个校区的三层交换机在配置DHCP服务时，要设置dns-server，为主机提供DNS服务器的ip地址。七. 心得体会 为期一周的计算机网络课程设计将近结束，在这一周的时间里，通过需求分析、网络规划、子网划分、网络架构、各种网络设备的配置以及调试运行，我最终完成了该校园网络的设计与实施。通过这次课程设计，我熟悉了子网划分的步骤，深入理解了VLSM，进一步认识了路由器与交换机在互联网中的作用，熟练掌握了交换机与路由器的配置，VLAN的配置、NAT的配置以及各种服务器的配置。在这次课程设计中，我受益匪浅，对计算机网络有了更加深刻的认识，动手能力得到了很大提高。八参考资料1. CCNA中文学习指南2. CCNP SWITCH（642-813）学习指南3. 思科网络实验室路由、交换实验指南第 22 页