初中英语语法-名词所有格.doc
初中英语语法-名词所有格格是名词的语法范畴之一。它是名词和代词的一种变化形式,在句中表示与其它词的关系。名词有三个格:主格、宾格和所有格。在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teachers book。它有两种不同的形式: 一、在名词尾加s主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间和时间名词的所有格,如the worlds,the suns,the earths,todays,yesterdays等。1. 单数名词词尾加“s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“s”。例the boys bag 男孩的书包mens room 男厕所2. 若名词已有复数词尾又是s ,只加“”。例 the workers struggle工人的斗争3. 凡不能加“s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系。例 the title of the song 歌的名字4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。例 the barbers 理发店5. 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,则表示“分别有”;只有一个s,则表示“共有”。例 Johns and Marys room(两间)John and Marys room(一间)6. 在复合名词或短语中,s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例 a month or twos absence7 作为一个整体的词组,一般在最后一个词的词尾加s。例 an hour and a halfs walk (步行一个半小时的路程)Carol and Charles boat (卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船)8. 不定代词后接 else , 所有格放在 else 上。例 somebody elses bag9. 下列情况可以将 s 所有格中的名词省略。1)名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复。例 This notebook is not mine, nor Johns, nor Peters. 这个笔记本不是我的,也不是约翰和比特的。The dictionary isnt mine, but Jennys. 这本词典不是我的,而是珍妮的。2)名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons.the doctors(office)医生的诊所my uncles(house)我叔叔的家10 起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用s。例 room number tooth brush二、另外一种所有格是由介词of加名词构成的名词短语1.名词的所有格形式除s外,还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两个名词间的所有关系。2. 使用名词所有格须注意: 一般地说, s 所有格多用于有生命的东西,of 所有格多用于无生命的东西, 但也有许多例外。1)表示天体的名词的所有格用s。例 the suns heat the moons surface2)表示地区机构的名词的所有格用s。例 the citys developmentthe governments plan3)表示度量与货币价值的所有格用s。例 ten kilometres distance200 dollars worth of goods4)表示“有关”非所有关系的用 of 介词短语。例 students of the school the statue of liberty5)表示同位关系的用 of 介词短语。例 the city of Pisa6)表示部分或全部的用 of 介词短语。例 the bottom of the sea the majority of people7)表示抽象概念的用 of 介词短语。例 the cost of living the news of success8)名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the + 形容词”表示一类人,其所有格用 of 介词短语。例 the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have been well trained9)有些表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以在词尾加s或“ ”,变成相应的所有格。例 five minutes walk 五分钟的路程todays newspaper 今天的报纸3 双重所有格双重所有格即 “ of + 名词s 所有格”, 表示整体中的一个或部分。用于修饰of前面的名词,但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an),two,any,some,several,no,few,another或this,that,these,those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成, 如:a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。例 Do you know any friends of my husbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us注:在双重所有格中,用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的,而且一般指人。例 an old friend of my fathers(=one of my fathers old friends)我父亲的一个老朋友this lovely baby of my aunts 我姨妈的可爱的孩子试比较: a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片用所给词的适当形式填空: 1. March 8th is _Day. (woman). 2.Taking twenty _(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health. 3.The shop sells _(妇女) handbags. 4.Teachers in western countries have a _(三个月的) holiday in a year. 5. Ill give my English teacher a card for _Day. (teacher) 6. Its only ten _walk from the station to the hotel. (minute) 7. Its an _ (hour) ride from here to the museum.一、单选题1. Today is September 10th. It's _ Day.A. Teacher B. Teacher's C. Teachers' D. Teacher'2. It's June 1st, it's _ Day.A. Childrens B. Children's C. Childrens' D. Childrens's3. This year, _ is on May 9th.A. My mother's birthday B. My mothers' brithdayC. My mothers birthday D. My mothers's brithday4. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the _ .A. doctor B. doctor's C. doctors' D. doctor'5. Where is Mr. Zhang? He is in the _ .A. teacher's reading room B. teachers' reading roomC. teacher reading room D. teachers reading room6. This is _ ball. It's not _ .A. the boy's, girl'sB. the boy's, the girl'sC. the boy, the girlD. boys', girls7. This year, the most popular _ hat is that kind.A. woman's B. womens' C. women's D. womans'8. Look at the book, it's not mine, and it's not yours, so it must be _ .A. somebody else'sB. somebody else'C. somebody's elseD. somebody' else9. These are _ .A. newspaper of today B. today's newspaper C. today's newspapers'D. today newspaper's10. It's about _ from my home to our school.A. twenty minutes' walkB. walk of twenty minutes'C. walk of twenty minutes'D. twenty minute's walk11. _ is very small and white.A. The hat of your brother'sB. The hat of your brotherC. Your brother's hatD. Your brother hat12. This is _ .A. Mike and Jim's bikeB. Mike's and Jim bikeC. Mike's and Jim's bikeD. Mike and Jim bike13. He is _ .A. one student of my fatherB. one of my father's studentC. my father's studentsD. one student of my father's14. Ken is also _ .A. one cousin of mineB. one cousin of myC. one cousin of meD. one cousin of I15. _ has travelled to Beijing.A. A friend of herB. A friend of hersC. A her friendD. Her's one friend16. These are _ books. Li Lin bought some at the Sun Bookstore and Jill bought some at the Blue Sky Bookstore.A. Li Lin's and JillB. Li Lin and Jill'sC. Li Lin's and Jill D. Li Lin's and Jill's17. Billy and I are good friends, I have _ . Look at this one, how sweet he is smiling!A. some pictures of Billy'B. some pictures of Billy'sC. some Billy's pictures D. some pictures of Billy18. This is _ , and I borrowed it two days ago.A. a picture of Mr. CoxB. a picture of Mr. Cox'sC. a Mr. Cox' picture D. Mr. Cox's picture二翻译。 1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书) 3. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 4. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师). 5. _(教师节) is on September 10th . 6. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 7. We are very happy on _(儿童节). 8. He is in _(老师的办公室) now. 9. Please open _(教室的门). 10. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.