初中语法-形容词和副词的比较级和最高级讲解.doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级教材典句：1. What the highest mountain in the world ?2. One of the worlds most dangerous sports in mountain climbing.3. This elephant weights many times more than this panda.4. Its a lot bigger than the population of the US.5. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.语法全解：一 概说 英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。比较级主要用于两者比较，最高级主要用于三者或三折以上进行比较。二 比较等级的构成1. 通过后缀加-er和-est构成 单音节和部分双音节词通过后缀加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：high-higher-highest strong-stronger-strongestcheap-cheaper-cheapest 若原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st：nice-nicer-nicestLarge-larger-largest 若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应改y为i,再加-er, -est构成比较级和最高级：Dry-drier-driest 若原级以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：Big-bigger-biggestfat-fatter-fattestthin-thinner-thinnesthot-hotter-hottest2. 通过在其前加more和most构成多音节和部分双音节词通过在其前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级：Difficult-more difficult-most difficultPopular-more popular-most popularBeautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulInteresting-more interesting-most interesting三 形容词与副词比较等级的不规则变化1. 常见不规则形容词与副词的比较等级变化原级 比较级 最高级 Good better bestBad worse worstIll(有病的) worse（病情严重的） worst（病情最严重的）Many more mostFar farther/further farthest/furthestOld older oldest原级 比较级 最高级 Well better bestBadly worse worstMuch more mostLittle less least四 注意事项：1. 基本原则：不作比较用原级，两者比较用比较级，多者比较用最高级。Tom is very thin.他很高。（尽管“很高”，但没有比较，固用原级）Toms very thin, but fatter than me.汤姆很瘦，但是比我胖。Jack is the thinnest boy in our class.在我们班，汤姆是最瘦。2. 形容词最高级前用一般the，副词最高级前可用the，也可以省略。 Qomolangma is the tallest mountain in the world. Elephants are the biggest animals on the land. Tom runs (the) fastest in our class. I get up (the) earliest in our class.3.比较级前常用修饰词有far, even, much, a little, a bit etc.I think math is much more difficult than English.China is much larger than Japan.My T-shirt is even more expensive than my trousers.