初中简单句的5种基本句型及练习.doc
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明:S主语;V谓语;P表语;O宾语;O1间接宾语;O2直接宾语;C宾语补足语基本句型一: S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如:1). 学生们学习很努力。_2). 她跑得很快。 _3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有:lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如:4). With the help of his families and neighbors, the farmer lives a happy life._。5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. _。6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the Japanese many years ago._。7). He died a glorious death. _。基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。如: 8) We should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静。 9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。如:10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。11) Don't have the food. _.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。12) The fact _ _. 这个事实证明是正确的。基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:13) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.14) I never said I would come back._。15)They finally decided to get along with us. _。16)They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。17)I dont like watching too much TV._。基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构,O1间接宾语;O2直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:18)Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March._。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:A. 动词 直接宾语 for sb.;B. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。20) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. =I'll offer _ _ _ _ _ as long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾宾补结构这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:22)Keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。23)他要我学好英语。_.24)他把书放在书架上。_.25) 他把墙漆成白色。_.26) 我发现我的钱包被偷了。_.27) 我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_.注意:动词have, make, let,后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to; 动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不带to的不定式或动名词做宾补,如:28)The boss made him do the work all day. _。29)我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。_.基本句型翻译练习基本句型一: 主+系+表1. 当时他看起来不高兴。_2. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。_3. 我擅长英语。_4. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。_5. 这故事听起来很有趣。_6. 收到你的来信我很高兴。_基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)1. 2011年至2013年我在广益中学学习。_2. 今天上午,我们在校门口会面然后一起去了那里。_3. 这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。_4. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。_基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾1. 去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。_2. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。_3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。_4. 我们也在校园内和周围种上了许多树。_5. 晚上时,我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。_基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾(间宾+直宾)1. 去年王老师教我们英语。_ 2. 在我14岁生日时,爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。_3. 昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。_4. 对不起,能问你一个问题吗?_基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语(宾+宾补)1. 那时我正看到那些孩子在河边玩。_2. 我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。_3. 当我到达教室时,我发现里边没有人。_4. 我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。_5. 父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。_基本句型翻译综合练习:1. 那噪音太大,我无法继续学习。_2. 得知你9月份要来我很高兴。_3. 长沙是一个品尝新食物的好地方。_4. 当那个人在过马路时,小车撞了他。_5. 我已决定明天下午3:30到机场接他。_6. 所有父母都希望看到他们孩子们的成功。_7.志愿者常给贫穷的孩子们提供很多学习用品。_Key:1. He looked unhappy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.3. I am very good at English.4. The food tastes delicious. 5. I was so pleased to hear from you.6. The story sounds very interesting.Key: 1. I studied in Guangyi Middle School from 2011 to 2013.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.4. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed/rapidly/quickly.Key:1. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition. 2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.3. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.Key:1. Mr Wang taught us English last year.2. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.3. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.4. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?Key:1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time.2. We are making our country more and more beautiful.3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.4. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.5. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.Key:1. The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.2. Im so glad to learn that youre coming in September.3.Changsha is a good place to try new food.4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.5. I have decided to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.6. All parents hope to see their childrens success. 7. Volunteers often offer poor children a lot of school things.