2022年仁爱版八年级上册英语语法总复习大纲 .pdf

八年级上册期末考试复习Unit1 Topic1 be going to+V. 原型：表示计划、打算、有目的做某事注：以下两种情况不能用该结构(1)临时决定要做某事e.g. Someone is knocking at the door, and I will open it. (2)客观必然会发生的事，自然规律e.g. Tomorrow will be Sunday. People will die without water. Unit1 Topic2 双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） ：指人：间接宾语指物：直接宾语结构： V.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+to sb. e.g. bring me the book=bring the book to me V.+sb.+sth.=V.+sth.+for sb. e.g. buy me a computer=buy a computer for me 可带两个宾语的词： bring, buy, do, give, lend, pass, tell, show, teach, hand, send, write 等Would/ Do you mind ? Would/ Do you mind+动名词? Would/ Do you mind+ if 从句? 注：would 比 do 更加委婉should “ 应该” 表示义务、提出或征询建议，后跟动词原型e.g. We should save water. Unit1 Topic3 一般将来时： will/ shall+V. 原型表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或将来反复发生的动作。表示将来的时间状语： tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in five years, in the future, next week/month/year 注：1.There be句型用于一般将来时： There will be =There is/are going to be 2.一些表示位移的动词可以用进行时表将来：come/ go/ arrive/ leave 等Unit2 Topic1 情态动词： should(shouldn t),had better(had better not) 的用法should 表示义务或责任、劝告或建议， “应该做某事”e.g. You should not eat too much meat. had better 表示建议，“在目前情况下最好做某事”e.g. You had better go to see a doctor. 注：肯、否、一般疑问句式Unit2 Topic2 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 情态动词： must(mustn t), may, can 1.(1)must 表示必须；must be 表示肯定推测e.g. The man in black shirt must be his father.(2)must 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答Yes, 主+must. 否定回答 No,主+don t/doesn t have to.或 No,主+needn t. e.g. Must she study hard? Yes, she must. No, she doesn t have to. (3)mustn t 表示禁止，不允许e.g. Students mustn t cheat in the exam. 2.(1)can表示能力e.g. Birds can fly. (2)can表示邀请、允许、请求等，意为“可以，能够”e.g. Can you come to my birthday party? (3)can在否定句和疑问句中表示可能性e.g. He can t be that boys father. 3.(1)may表示允许，意为“可以”e.g. May I come in? (2)may 表示推测，意为“可能”e.g. She may be still waiting for us. (3)may 表示祝愿e.g. May you have a happy weekend. Unit2 Topic3 情态动词 must 和 have to 1. must (1)表示必须，强调说话者的主观看法e.g. You must take care of your parents. (2)表示一定（肯定性推测）e.g. He must be at home. (3)表示劝告 ,必须要做某事 ,表明事情的必要性与重要性e.g.You must do more exercise. (4)mustn t 表示不允许，禁止e.g. You mustn t play on the road. 2.have to 表示不得不，必须，强调客观的需要e.g. If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. e.g. He has to leave now. 反身代词 :(1)作代词或介词的宾语(2)作主语或宾语的同位语Unit3 Topic1 used to的用法 : (1)used to +V. 原型“过去常常做某事” ，可以与 but now, but not any more, but not any longer 连用，现在和过去形成对照e.g. I used to watch TV, but now I have to study. 否定句 (usedn t/ used not) /(didn t use) to do sth.; 一般疑问句 used/did 开头e.g. He usedn t to get up early./ He didn t use to get up early. e.g. Did you use to be afraid of the dark? (2)usedto+be+adj.“过去常常存在的状态，但现在情况已变”e.g. He used to be short, didn t he? 注：be used to doing sth./ get used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于 ”名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - e.g. He used to get up late, but now he is used to getting up early. Unit3 Topic2 感叹句(1)What +(a/an)+adj.+主+谓！e.g. What a cute boy he is ! What fine weather it is! (2)How+ adj./adv.+ 主+谓！e.g. How tall she is ！How fluently she speaks English! Unit3 Topic3过去进行时：表示在过去某一具体时间或某一段时间正在进行的动作主要结构： was/ were +V.ing 常用时间状语： then, at this/that time yesterday, at nine last night e.g. I was doing my homework at nine last night. Unit4 Topic1&Topic2 形容词的比较级和最高级1、2 1.用于人或事物之间的比较，两个人或事物进行比较时，用比较级，表示“较”或“更一些”2.用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较时，用最高级， 表示一群人或事物中， 其中一个“最”3.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化：a.一般在词尾加 -er 或-est e.g. smaller/smallest younger/youngest b.以 e 结尾的词加 -r 或-st e.g. nicer/nicest c.以“辅音字母 +y 结尾的词”，变 y 为 i 再加-er 或-est e.g. happier/happiest d.“辅+元+辅”结构的单词，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er 或-est e.g. bigger/biggest e.多音节和部分双音节词，要在原级前加more 或 most 构成比较级或最高级(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well better Best bad/ill/badly worse Worst little less Least many/much more Most far farther/further farthest/furthest 4.用法(1)比较级a.“比较级 +than” e.g. Cats aremore lovely than other animals. b.“less+ 原级+than”e.g. This article is less difficult than that one. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - c.“比较级 +than+ any other+单数名词”e.g. He is taller than any other boy in his class. d.“比较级 +and+比较级”e.g. She is becoming more and more beautiful. e.“the+比较级， the+比较级”e.g. The more, the better. f.“the+比较级 +of the two”e.g. He is the taller of the two. 注：如果比较对象相同，可再用that/those 代替第二个比较对象e.g. The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan. The eggs in this basket are more than those in that basket. 比较级可用 much, a little, a lot, even等修饰，使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确e.g. He runs much faster than me. Chickens are much smaller than cows. (2)最高级a.“the+最高级+比较范围”（比较范围常用of, in, among引导的短语表达）e.g. She is the oldest of these children. Lily is the youngest in her class. b.“the+序数词 +adj.最高级 +名词”e.g. The yellow river is the second longest river in China. c.“one of+the+最高级 +名词复数”e.g. This river is one of the longest rivers in our hometown. d.“the+最高级”e.g. Monday is the busiest day. 注：最高级前要加定冠词the，但如果最高级前有形容词性物主代词，名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词。e.g. Jack is my best friend. Unit4 Topic3 宾语补足语：补充宾语的成份，通常置于宾语之后，宾语和宾语补足语共同构成复合宾语，句型：主语 +谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1.可以跟宾语补足语的动词有：make, let, ask, invite, wish, want, help (1) make sb. v./adj./n. let sb. v. (2)ask/ invite/ want/ wish/tell sb. to do sth. (3)help (to) do sth. 2.可以用作宾语补足语的词及短语名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语e.g. We selected him our monitor. The Internet makes the world smaller. She wants her mother back. I left my key at home. She often asks me to help her. I hear the bird singing. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -