2022年全国大学生物理学术竞赛题目 .pdf

全国大学生物理竞赛1. Adhesive tape 有粘性的带子Determine the force necessary to remove a piece of adhesive tape from a horizontal surface. Investigate the influence of relevant parameters. 决定将一块胶带从水平表面上拿下来需要的力。研究其中的有关参数。2. Air drying 在空气中干燥Table utensils (dishes, cutlery, etc.), after being washed, dry differently. Investigate how the time of drying depends on relevant parameters. 桌上的餐具在洗完后，变干的情况不同，研究其中的有关参数。3. Bouncing flame 跳跃的火焰Place a flame (e.g. from a Bunsen burner) between two charged parallel metal plates. Investigate the motion of the flame. 在本生灯中点燃一团火焰置于两片带电、平行的金属板。观察火焰的运动情况。4. Breaking spaghetti 断开的面条Find the conditions under which dry spaghetti falling on a hard floor does not break. 找出干燥的面条在掉落坚硬地板后不断裂的情况。5. Car 小车Build a model car powered by an engine using an elastic air-filled toy-balloon as the energy source. Determine how the distance travelled by the car depends on relevant parameters and maximize the efficiency of the car. 制作一个模型车， 以有弹性的充气玩具气球作为动力源。找出决定小车运动距离的相关参数并求出小车能运动的最大距离。6. Convection 对流In a container filled with a liquid, heat transport will occur when the bottom of the container is heated and the top surface is cooled. How does the phenomenon change when the container rotates about its vertical axis? 在一个充满液体的容器中会发生热传递（当底部被加热而顶部被冷却）。如果容器绕垂直轴旋转，这个现象会发生什么变化呢？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 7. Cup drum 杯制鼓A plastic cup is held upside-down and tapped on its base. Investigate the sound produced when the open end of the cup is above, on or below a water surface. 把一个塑料杯倒置并轻敲它的底部，研究当杯子的开口在水面上方和下方时的发声情况。8. Domino amplifier 多米诺放大器A row of dominoes falling in sequence after the first is displaced is a well known phenomenon. If a row of dominoes gradually increases in height, investigate how the energy transfer takes place and determine any limitations to the size of the dominoes. 当第一块被移动时，一排多米诺骨牌按顺序倒下，这就是著名的多米诺效应。当一排 “骨牌”被渐渐抬高，研究能量转移是如何发生的并确定“骨牌”的尺寸限制。9. Escaping powder 逃脱的粉末When a hot wire is plunged into a beaker of water with powder (e.g. lycopodium) floating on the surface, the powder moves rapidly. Investigate the parameters that alter the speed of movement of the powder. 当一根炙热的金属丝被插入一杯表面上漂浮着粉末的水时，粉末会迅速的移动.。研究会改变粉末移动速度的参数。10. Faraday heaping 法拉第 堆瓦解When a container filled with small spheres (e.g. mustard seeds) is vibrated vertically with a frequency between 1 10 Hz, so called Faraday heaping occurs. Explore this phenomenon. 当一个装有一些小球的的容器在1 到 10 赫兹的频率范围内上下垂直振动，就被称为法拉第堆瓦解发生了。探究这个现象。11. Fingerprints 指印Fill a glass with a liquid and hold it in your hands. If you look from above at the inner walls of the glass, you will notice that the only thing visible through the walls is a very bright and clear image of patterns on your fingertips. Study and explain this phenomenon. 在杯子中装满水并用手拿住杯子。如果你从上方看玻璃的内壁，你会发现你只能透过玻璃看到非常亮儿清晰的指纹。研究并解释这个现象。 12. Levitating spinner 旋转漂浮名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - A toy consists of a magnetic spinning top and a plate containing magnets (e.g. Levitron). The top may levitate above the magnetic plate. Under what conditions can one observe the phenomenon? 一个由一个旋转的磁性顶部和一个装有磁铁的盘子构成的玩具。玩具的顶部会悬浮在磁性盘子的上方。在什么情况下你才能观察到这个现象？13. Light bulb 灯泡What is the ratio between the thermal energy and light energy emitted from a small electric bulb depending on the voltage applied to a bulb? 一个小灯泡发出的热能和光能的比例是怎样由给小灯泡的电压所决定的？14. Moving cylinder 移动的圆柱Place a sheet of paper on a horizontal table and put a cylindrical object (e.g. a pencil) on the paper. Pull the paper out. Observe and investigate the motion of the cylinder until it comes to rest.在水平桌面上放置一张纸并在纸上放置一个圆柱形物体。把纸拉出。 观察并研究圆柱体的运动状态直到它停止运动。15. Slow descent 缓慢下降Design and make a device, using one sheet of A4 80 gram per m2 paper that will take the longest possible time to fall to the ground through a vertical distance of 2.5m. A small amount of glue may be used. Investigate the influence of the relevant parameters. 设计制作一个装置，使用每平方米80 克的 A4 纸，使其尽可能慢地从2.5 米高处掉向地面。可以使用少量胶水。研究会产生影响的相关参数。16. Smoke stream 烟A glass jar is covered with cellophane. A tightly folded paper tube of length 4-5 cm is inserted hermetically into the jar through the cellophane cover. The tube is oriented horizontally. If one burns the outside end of the tube the dense smoke flows into the jar. Explore this phenomenon. 一个盖有玻璃纸的玻璃罐。一根折得很紧的纸管（长度4-5 厘米）从玻璃纸插入罐中，周围密封。管子水平向东。如果有人点燃管子的外面那头，会有浓烟进入罐子。探究这种现象。 17. Vikings 海盗According to a legend, Vikings were able to navigate in an ocean even during overcast (dull) weather using tourmaline crystals. Study how it is possible to navigate using a polarizing material. What is the accuracy of the method? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 传说海盗在海上即使是阴天也能用电气石导航。学习如何使用偏光材料导航，这个方法的准确的如何？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -