仁爱八年级上unit3知识点总结(15页).doc

-Unit3 Topic 1 一.重点词汇used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 take a bath 洗澡 be interested in 对感兴趣 go dancing 跳舞 go boating 划船 play volleyball 打排球 collecting stamps 集邮 listening to pop music 听流行音乐 listening to classical music 听古典音乐 walking in the countryside 在乡间散步 such as 例如 二.重点句型：1.Wow! So many stamps!(Page 53)哇，那么多的邮票！本句意为：There are so many stamps. so many意思是“那么多”，so much意思也是“那么多”。如：1）There are so many flowers. Or: So many flowers！这里有这么多的花。2)There is so much water on the table. Or: So much water!桌子上有那么多的水。     2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from stamps. (Page 53)通过这些邮票我们可以学到许多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的知识。a lot “许多、大量”，用在动词后，同very much。如:1）She had told me a lot about how to learn English well.她告诉我许多有关怎样学好英语的方法。2）Thanks a lot.非常感谢。另外，a lot of 和lots of 的意思也是“许多、大量”，要用在名词前，在肯定句中常代替much，many。在口语中尤其如此。如：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room.屋里有许多历史书。There is still a lot of / lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有许多雪。We have had a lot of / lots of fruits. 我们吃过许多水果。a lot of和lots of之间没有多大区别，都可以与可数名词和不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用时，动词用单数，与可数名词连用时，动词用复数。见上述例句。3.Would you like to collect any of these things? (Page 53)你想集下面这些东西吗?would you like to +动词原形，表示“想要”如:1) Would you like to have a cup of coffee? 你想要一杯咖啡吗？2)Would you like to have something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？any 用在疑问句、条件从句中，可以翻译为“什么”、“一些”。如:1)Are there any letters for me? 这有我的信吗？2)If you have any trouble, please let me know. 如果你有什么困难，请告诉我。4. What things do you love collecting? (Page 53)你喜欢集什么东西？love + doing表示“喜欢、爱好”，也可以用like+ doing表示。如：1）I love listening to the music.我爱好听音乐。2）I love skating.我喜欢溜冰。5.I am interested in playing sports. (Page 54)我对运动感兴趣。be interested in (doing) sth. “对感兴趣”如:1）I am interested in reading books.我对读书特别感兴趣。2）Jack is interested in football.杰克对足球很感兴趣。6.What do you often do in your spare time? (Page 55)在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？in ones spare time “在业余时间”“在闲暇之际”，也可用in ones free time替换。如:1）I shall do it in my spare time. 我会在我的业余时间做这件事。2）In my free time I often go to the movies.在闲暇之际，我常去看电影。 7. I often go fishing. (Page 55)我经常去钓鱼。go + doing表示“去做某事”go +v-ing结构很常用，多用于体育活动和业余娱乐活动。如:1)Lets go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧。2)Are you going hiking this weekend?这个周末你打算去远足吗？另外还有：go hunting 去打猎  go shooting 去射击  go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴  go shopping 去购物  go climbing 去爬山8.And I do a lot of reading. (Page 55)我通常都是阅读一些书籍。在英语中有不少由“do + doing”的结构，表示“干某事”。如：散步 do some walking    do a lot of walking读书 do some readingdo a lot of reading洗衣服 do some washingdo a lot of washing买东西 do some shoppingdo a lot of shopping清扫 do some cleaningdo a lot of cleaning9Im a movie fan. (page 55)我是一个电影迷。fan(运动、电影等)狂热爱好者。如:a film / football / star fan 同时，fan作为名词还有“风扇”的意思。如：electric fan 电扇。10 Why not go out and do some outdoor activities? (Page 55)为什么不走出去做一些户外运动呢？这是一个省略句，全句可以说成Why shall we not go out and do some outdoor activities?常在口语中使用，用来征求对方的意见或表达建议。使用这种句子必须要有上下文，如：1）Why not meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面好吗？2）Why not run a little faster?为什么不跑快一点呢？some“一些、几个”，用在疑问句中, 表示希望得到肯定回答。如：1）Would you like to give us some good advice?请给我们一些好的建议好吗？ 2）Would you like some coffee or tea?请问，你是想喝咖啡还是茶？12.Maybe I need a change. (Page 55) 或许我需要改变。maybe “也许、可能、大概”。如：1）Maybe he will come, maybe he wont.也许他来，也许他不来。2）Is that true?那是真的吗？Maybe, I am not sure.也许，我也不敢肯定。13.My interests are changing all the time. (Page 56) 我的兴趣爱好总是在不断地改变。all the time“总是、一直”。如：1）Why are you playing all the time? 你为什么总是玩啊？2）Look at these monkeys, they are jumping all the time.看看这些猴子，它们一直跳个不停。14. And I wasnt interested in sports at all. (Page 56)我对运动一点兴趣都没有。not.at all “一点也不”；“全然不”。如：1）I didnt mind it at all. 我一点也不在意。2）Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。Not at all.没关系。3）He didnt know that at all. 他对此事一无所知。15. But now, my hobbies are sports, like soccer and swimming. (Page 56)但是现在我的爱好是体育，比如足球和游泳。like “像，好比”。如：1)He swims very quickly like a fish.他游泳非常地快，像一条鱼。2) The cake is round like a moon.这块蛋糕是圆的，就像月亮一样。16. I never miss any important soccer games. (Page 56)我从未错过任何一场重要的足球比赛。never “未曾、从未”，表示否定。如：1)I have never met him before.我以前从未见过他。2) You have never been to the Great Wall, have you?你从未去过长城，是吗？17. I used to know little about paintings. (Page 56)我过去不太懂绘画。little和few都含有否定的意思。表示“不多”；“很少”。little相当于not much, few相当于not many。little与不可数名词连用, few与可数名词复数连用。如：1)I have little time.我的时间很少。2) I understood little of his speech.他的话我没有明白多少。3) Few of the students passed the exam.没有几个学生考试及格。Few people would agree with him.没有多少人同意他。而a little和a few含有肯定的意思，表示“一些”；“几个”（虽然少，但有一些）。如：1)I know a little French.我多少还懂点儿法语。2) Theres a little water in the glass.杯子里还有点儿水。3) Can you stay a few days longer?你能多呆几天吗？4)I still have a few friends in Beijing.我在北京还有几个朋友。 18. prefer意为“宁愿、更喜欢”，常用于两者之间的选择，其后可跟名词、代词、动名词或不定式。prefer.to.表示“宁愿，不愿”，“喜欢而不喜欢”，其中to为介词，后可跟名词或动名词。如：1）Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡？2）I prefer walking to cycling.我喜欢步行胜过骑单车。3）My brother likes maths, but I prefer English.我哥哥喜欢数学，而我更喜欢英语。19.Did you use to go swimming during summer vacations? (Page 57) 在暑假里，你过去经常去游泳么？during “在的期间、在的时候”。如：1）The sun gives us light during the daytime.太阳在白天给我们阳光。2) He called to see me during my absence.当我不在的时候他来访过我。20I used to do that in the pond in front of my house. ( Page 57)我过去常在我家门前的池塘里游泳。in front of “在的前面”；指在物体外部的前面。而in the front of “的前部”；指在物体内部的前面，即前部。注意它们的区别。试比较：1）There is a tall tree in front of my house.我家房前有一棵大树。2）Dont stand in front of me. I cant see the blackboard.别站在我前面。我都看不见黑板了。3）The teacher is giving a lesson in the front of the classroom.老师在教室的前面讲课。4) The driver is sitting in the front of the car.司机坐在汽车的前面。21Nobody. I taught myself. ( Page 57) 没有任何人，我自学的。teach oneself “自学、自修”。teach动词“教授、教”有些动词后常跟反身代词，如：enjoy oneself “过得愉快”, help oneself “随便吃（用）”。如：1)She teaches history in our school.她在我们学校教历史。2)She taught his son English when he was 3 years old.她儿子3岁时，她就教他英语。3）Did you enjoy yourselves in the party?你们在舞会上玩得愉快吗？4）Help yourself to some fruit.请随便吃些水果吧。22.When they are free, people usually do what they like. (Page 58) 当人们空闲的时候，他们总是做一些自己喜欢的事情。free “有空、空闲”， be free可以替换为have time。如：1）Are you free this evening? = Do you have time this evening? 你今天晚上有空吗？2)If I am free, I am going to visit the museum. = If I have time, I am going to visit the museum.如果有时间，我打算去参观博物馆。 23.They also paint pictures or collect things such as coins, dolls or stamps. (Page 58) 他们也绘画或者收集一些东西，例如：硬币、娃娃或邮票。such as “像、比如、诸如”如：1）We study several subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English and physics.我们学习很多的科目，比如语文、数学、英语和物理。2）I can name some animals in the zoo, such as tiger, wolf, fox and so on.我可以叫出动物园里一些动物的名字，如老虎，狼，狐狸等。24When people become old, hobbies can keep them healthy. When people are sick, hobbies can help them get well sooner.(Page 58)当人们变老的时候，爱好可以帮助他们保持健康。当人们身体虚弱的时候，爱好还可以帮助他们很快地康复。本句中become, keep, be, 与get都是系动词。系动词的基本用法是其后加形容词做表语。系动词一共可以分为两大类：表示状态的和表示状态变化的。系动词表示状态的又分为以下三类：1)be, seem, appear等。2)由感官动词变化而来的，翻译成中文通常可以翻译成“起来”，这些系动词有：look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。3)由不及物动词转化而来的，这些系动词有：stand, keep, prove, remain系动词表示状态变化的包括：become, go, get, grow, turn, fall等。如：1）Coffee smells nice.咖啡闻起来好香。2）After hearing that, his face went red.听完，他的脸红了。3）The days get longer and longer in spring.春天白天变得越来越长了。24I call him Pink pig. The color of his skin is light pink. ( Page 59) 我叫他粉色，因为他的皮肤是淡粉色的。light“淡色的、浅色的”，而dark的意思则是“深色的、暗淡的”。如：1)Which dress do you like, the light one or the dark one?你喜欢哪条裙子，浅色的还是深色的？2)It is dark now. Lets go home quickly. 天黑了，咱们快点儿回家吧。25Pink likes to have a bath.( Page 59) Pink喜欢洗澡。have a bath 洗澡短语have a bath与动词bathe意思一样，但前者表示在有限的时间里进行某项活动。如：游泳 have a swim    谈一谈  have a talk洗一洗 have a wash骑马  have a ride看一看 have a look休息一下 have a rest 26.How do you take care of them? ( Page 59)你怎样照顾它们？take care of 照顾，类似的说法还有look after。如：1)The girl is too young to take care of herself.这姑娘太小了还不能照顾自己。2) The old man is taken good care of by his children.这位老人被他的孩子们精心地照顾着。3)My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.我妈妈病了，我得在家照顾她。4）You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你自己的东西。三.语法学习1.I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53)我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didnt use to do。疑问句为Used you to. ? 或 Did you use to.?如：1）I used to go to school on foot. 我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。）2）Mary used to sleep late.玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。）3)I used to walk along the road after supper.我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now hes very fond of it.他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如：1)I didnt use to like skating, but now I like it very much.我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？3)There used to be a theatre here, didnt there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别：be used to doing sth “习惯于，适应于”如:1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。3）Im used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。be used to do sth.“某物被用来做某事”。如：1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。2. Collecting stamps must be great fun! (Page 53)集邮肯定很有趣！must在这里是情态动词，作用是用来表示推测，可以翻译为“想必”。如:1)Your brother must be in the school. I saw him just now.你的哥哥想必在学校。我刚才看见他了。2)Your friend must have left for Nanjing yesterday.你的朋友想必昨天已经离开去南京了。3) She thought that her present must be in the box.她以为礼物一定是在盒子里。4) You must be thirsty after a long walk.走了很长的路，你一定渴了。5) It must be ten oclock now.现在肯定有10点钟了。情态动词must的三种否定形式must表示“必须”时，其否定回答为dont have to，意思为“不需要”。如:1）Must I pay back the money right now? No, you dont have to.我必须现在偿还这笔钱吗？不，你不需要现在还。2）You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.你必须在课堂上认真听讲。must表示“推测”时，其否定形式为cant，意思为“不可能”。如:1）Ive seen what she is talking about, so she cant be telling lies.我目睹了她所说的事情，因此，她不可能在说谎。2）Yesterday I received a letter from him, so he cant be here. 昨天我收到了他的信，所以说他不可能在这儿。而must not的意思为“绝对不可，不许，禁止”。如：1）You must not smoke in the hospital.你绝对不可以在医院里吸烟。2）You must not cross the road when the traffic lights are red.交通灯是红色时，你千万不能过马路。3.He doesnt mind whether theyre good or not. ( Page 59) 他并不介意它们是否是好的。此句为以whether引导的宾语从句。whether.or not“不论是否”。如： 1）You have to get up early everyday whether it rains or not.你必须天天早点起床，不论是否下雨。2）Whether we go or not matters little.不论我们是否去，关系不大。if与whether的区别。二者在引导宾语从句时一般可换用。如：1)I want to know if / whether it is going to rain tomorrow.我想知道明天是否下雨。2) He asked me if / whether Li Ping was at home.他问我李平是否在家。3) He didnt understand if / whether the stranger told a lie.他不明白那个陌生人是否说的是假话。 但下列几种情况不能换用。whether 后可紧接or not，而if一般不能。 Let me know whether or not you can come.你能来还是不能来，请告诉我一声。whether引导的宾语从句可移到主句前，if则不能。如：Whether this is true or not, I can not say.这件事是否真实，我说不上。不定式前用whether，不用if。如：I havent decided whether to go to the cinema or to stay at home.我还没有决定是看电影还是留在家里。介词后可用whether，不用if。如：I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.我是否回家还没有定。 Topic2重点词汇pity遗憾 concert 音乐会 violin 小提琴 sweet 悦耳的continue doing sth. 继续做某事 be born 出生 set up 建立classical music 古典音乐 folk songs 民歌 stage name 艺名everyday life 日常生活 be famous for 因而著名 look for 寻找二. 重点句型 1And it sounds great! (Page 61) 听起来好极了。sound 系动词“听起来”，系动词后常与形容词连用。 2.What kind of musical instrument can you play? (Page 62)你会弹什么种类的乐器？kind 是“种类，类型”的意思。如：a kind of 一种，all kinds of各种各样， what kind of 什么类型的。如:1）Dumpling is a kind of Chinese food.饺子是一种中国食品。2）There are all kinds of books in Beijing Library.北京图书馆有各种各样的图书。3）What kind of room would you like, a double room or a single room?你需要什么类型的房间？双人间还是单人间？ 3.We have guitar, violin, piano and drum lessons for just ￥240 each. (Page 62) 我们有吉他课、小提琴课、钢琴课、和打鼓课，每个课程仅需要240元。each副词 “各个”，“每个”。如：1）These books cost a dollar each.这些书每本一美元。2)He gave the boys a shilling each.他给孩子们每人一个先令。 4What do you do in your free time? (Page 63) 你在闲暇之际干些什么？in ones free time “在闲暇之际”。 5Classical music is serious music. (Page 64) 古典音乐是一种很严肃的音乐。serious 形容词“严肃的、认真的”；“严重的”。如：1）He is a serious worker. 他是一个工作认真的人。2）“ Its nothing serious.” says the doctor,“ Youve got a little cold.”医生说：“没事，就是有点儿感冒。” 6Pop music often comes and goes easily. (Page 64) 流行音乐来得快去得也快。come and go easily 可以翻译为“来去匆匆”。如：1）Money is something that comes and goes easily.钱这东西来得快去得也快。2）Rain in June comes and goes easily.六月的雨来得快去得也快。 7They are very popular among young people. (Page 64)它们在年轻人当中很流行。among 介词“在当中”,“在中间”，用于三者或三者以上；而between也是介词“在当中”,“在中间”之意，则只能用于两者之间。如：1）Among the family, Lin Tao is the youngest.在全家人中，林涛是最小的。2）Tom runs fastest among the boys in his class.汤姆是他们班男孩子中跑得最快的。3）Mary is sitting between the twins.玛丽坐在双胞胎的中间。4）The football game is between Chinese team and Japanese team.足球赛在中国队和日本队之间进行。 8. Guo Lanying, Song Zuying and Tenger are famous for their folk songs. (Page 64)郭兰英，宋祖英和腾格尔以（唱）民歌而出名。be famous for“以而著名”, “因而出名”。如：1) Gui Lin is famous for the stone forests.桂林以石林而著名。2)China is famous for its long history.中国以悠久的历史而闻名。3）Beijing Library is famous for having a large number of books.北京图书馆以藏书众多而闻名。 9It is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. (Page 65)它是世界上最著名的摇滚乐队之一。one of “之一”。常用在“one of + 最高级 +名词复数”结构中。如：1)Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。2) English is one of the most difficult subjects this term.英语是这学期最难学的课程之一。3）Liu Xiang is one of the fastest runners in the world.刘翔是世界上跑得最快的人之一。 10In the fall of 1976, a- 14-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians. 在1976年的秋天，一个14岁的中学生，Larry Mullen寻找一些音乐家。1)fall是美国英语，相当于英国英语的中的autumn。2)14-year-old 数词和名词之间有连字符的，名词不用复数。如：a three-leg chair 一把三条腿的椅子the tenth five-year plan 第十个五年计划3)look for “寻找”，强调“寻找”的过程，而find“找到”，则是强调“找到”的结果。如：1)What are you doing? 你在干什么？ Im looking for my bike key.我在找我的自行车钥匙。2)What are you looking for?你在找什么？Im looking for my cat.我在找我的猫。Can you find it?你找到了没有？No. I looked for it everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.没有。我到处找，可哪儿也找不到。 11He wanted to form a band. (Page 65)他想组建一个乐队。want to “想做某事”，want to + 动词原形。如：1) I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大了想当一名医生。2) People want to live on the moon some day.人们想有一天能住在月球上。3) What do you want to do this Sunday?这个星期天你想干什么？常用want sb. to do sth.表示“想让某人做某事”。如：1)He wants me to help him with his lessons.他想让我帮他学习功课。2) His parents wanted him to clean the room after school.他父母想让他放学后打扫房间。3) The teacher wanted her to speak louder when she answered the question.老师想让她在回答问题的时候声音再大一点。 12He found 3 boys and they s