介词for的用法(4页).doc
-介词for用法归纳用法1：(表目的)为了。如：They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。【用法说明】在通常情况下，英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如：他去那儿看他叔叔。误：He went there for seeing his uncle.正：He went there to see his uncle.注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法)用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如：What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用 for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如：She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。注意，类似下面这样的句子必须用 for：He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词 for：他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth为寻找某物而打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词 for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是 avenge sbs death，而不是 avenge for sbs death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如：Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如：He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。用法5：给(某人)，供(某人)用。如：Thats for you. 这是给你的。Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗？用法6：(表原因、理由)因为，由于。如：You cant see the wood for the trees. 你只见树木，不见森林。He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。He couldnt sleep for joy. 他高兴得不能入睡。For several reasons, Id rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。【用法说明】有些表原因的特殊结构不宜用介词 for 来引出，而用其他介词。如：他由于努力工作而加了工资。误：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise. 正：As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注：as a the result of 是习语，意为“由于的结果”。因为母亲不在家，她只好自己做饭。误：For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.注：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”可用来表示原因，此时的 with 不能换成 for。类似地，下例中的 with 也不能换成 for：With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做，我不知是否有时间出去。我们祝贺你的成功。误：We congratulate you for your success. 正：We congratulate you on your success.注：congratulate 后习惯上接介词 on 表示原因。用法7：(表目标、去向)去。如：Is this bus for Chicago? 这辆公共汽车开往芝加哥吗？Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。【用法说明】比较 for 与 to，两者均可表示目的地，注意以下区别：for 通常与 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等动词连用，而 to 则通常与 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用。如：We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦。Then we drove to the station. 然后我们就开车去了车站。有时，同一个动词(如 sail)两者均可连用，但含义稍有差别：用 for 通常只表示向着某目的地那个方向，并不强调到达的意思；而 to 含有到达某目的地的意思。如：They sailed for Shanghai. 他们开船驶往广州。They sailed to Shanghai. 他们开船驶至广州。-第 4 页-
