雅思写作第二课 task1普通图表.doc

雅思写作第二课一题目改写练习(Introduction). The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992. The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1950, 1970, and 1990. The table below shows information on income, taxes and prices in five cities around the world. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. The two pie charts below show the types of communication used in 1962 and 1982. v 常见开头段同义词替换表： showdemonstrate/ reveal/ illustrate/ display/ compare/ indicate/ depict changes variation number figure/ amount/ data/ statistic percentage proportion/ rate/ share kind type/ category country nation continent area/ region men males women females university college family household UK Britain and as well as about regarding/ concerning fromto betweenand during Over,through different various/ several/ diverse per year annual spending expense/ expenditure worldwide around the world/ across the globe. 数据分析原则(Body)第一句话总结图中比较显著的趋势或者特征，其余句子按照第四点中所规定的顺序逐句叙述图表内容。主体部分每一个句子一般有三个组成部分，分别是文字信息、数字信息和比较。很多考生习惯在作文中把数字逐一读出，这是不好的习惯。事实上，文字信息比数字信息更为重要，文字信息可以让读者清楚了解图表的主要信息，而数据只是起辅助的作用。比较下面的句子：例如：The average US family had 4.5 people in 1915, 3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006.改后句子：The average family size in the US has been shrinking(文字信息),from 3.3 people in 1967 to 2.6 people in 2006（数字信息）, compared to 4.5 people in 1915（比较信息）.v 起点，结点和数量相等点，倍数点必写. 语言表达表示上升的动词（以下每组词背两到三个即够替换） 动词原形 过去式 名词形式 increase increased an increase rise rose a rise grow grew a growth ascend ascended an ascent go up went up - climb climbed a climb表示急速上升的动词 动词原形 过去式 名词形式 soar soared - surge surged a surge rocket rocketed a rocket jump jumped a jump shoot up shot up -表示下降的动词 动词原形 过去式 名词形式 decline declined a decline drop dropped a drop decrease decreased a decrease fall fell a fall descend descended a descent相关句型：1. There was a (dramatic/ steady/ slight) increase/ decline in the amount of over the period from toThere be句式在大小作文中都可适当穿插。2. The data of experienced/ underwent a considerable growth between and, rising from 2600 to 6300.“经历”一词可以使单词书面感加强。分词的使用使得文章复杂感增强。3. The period from.tosaw a marginal decrease in the proportion of .时间做主语，会让句型变化更为强烈。“saw”在此刻做“见证”理解，充满了拟人的氛围，让语言更赋有吸引力。4. The growth was suddenly replaced by a sharply downward trend.“被取代”有很强的承上启下之感。5. A slight decline was actually found in bicycle travel.又是一句被动的成功范例。6. The general trend ofis downwards/ upwards.表达总趋势时可派上用场。7. Despite the impressive growth in the total workforce, however, there was a 10% decrease from 180000 to 161200 in the number of employees.“despite”后加名词或名词词组，“although”后则加句子。8. Only in the 1700s was there an obvious decline.倒装句的点缀令语言锦上添花。9. The number of was 5 times more than that in 1900.倍数的表达可以使数据间关系更为清晰。10. The number of .was roughly doubled / tripled between 1996 and 2002.两倍，三倍的表达有专业的动词表达。v 在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下：并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, whats more, apart from .举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as .雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally .转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, instead (of). 学习范文曲线图：The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992.The provided figure illustrates a comparison of unemployment rates in Japan, the United Kingdom and Canada between 1989 and 1992.In Japan, the percentage of unemployment increased from 2.3%to 3%between 1983 and 1986. After that, the percentage started decreasing with minor fluctuation and returned to the original value in 1992.（第一组：具体谈日本的变化趋势，起末点，最高最低）In 1983, the percentage of unemployed people was 12% in Canada and 13% in the UK.（起点）These values decreased dramatically and at a constant rate over the next few years.（趋势）Unemployment reached the lowest percentage in Canada with about 7.7% in 1988-1989, and in the UK with 7% in 1989-1990. （最低点）（介词短语的并列形式）The unemployment rates of the two countries reaches the same point between 1988 and 1989. And then the figures（替换）started increasing in both countries. In 1992, Canada reached its original value. Meanwhile, UK reached 10%, three points below the original percentage in 1983. （终点）From the above analysis, the unemployment rate in Japan was more stable than those of UK and Canada.（结论）柱状图：The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1950, 1970, and 1990.The bar chart presents a contrast in terms of bus, car, bike, foot in years of 1950, 1970 and 1990.From 1950 to 1990,the percentage of people who travel（替换）by bike and on foot decreased from 27% to 7% and 33% to 10% respectively. Similarly, the percentage of people taking bus dropped after 1970 but increased before that. However, cars percentage use sharply boomed（增速迅速发展）year after year.（第一组：柱自身比较）Traveling by bike or on foot was most popular in 1950, but percentage of car users was far smaller. After two decades, with the decrease of bike users and travelers on foot, bus and car gain a lot of popularity. Bus reached its peak at 27%. In 1970, over one out of three（替换）people drive to and from work.（替换第二组，柱间比较）All in all, as the economy increases gradually, people prefer to go to work and come home by driving rather than taking bus or walking.表格图：The table below shows information on income, taxes and prices in five cities around the world. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.This table graph demonstrates a comparison of wages, taxes and rents in five important cities, Athens, Geneva, Hong Kong, London and Tokyo.Geneva and Tokyo offer the highest average hourly wage, 13 and 12 pounds respectively. Within expectation, the tax as percentage of wage is also high. However, the rent in Tokyo is much more than that in Geneva.On the contrary, the lowest wages are offered by Hong Kong and Athens, 3 and 4 pounds respectively. It is not surprising that the taxes are correspondingly lower than the rest. The difference between the two cities is the rent, with the lowest 700 pounds in Athens and higher 2400 pounds in Hong Kong.（第二组：工资最高，相似和不同）With the average rent and wage, London has the highest tax.（其他有特点但未提到的）In conclusion, in terms of living cost, living in London might harder than the others.（合理推断）饼状图：The two pie charts below show the types of communication used in 1962 and 1982.The two figures demonstrate a comparison in different patterns of communication which were used in 1962 and 1982.As what has been shown in the two charts, the percentage of letters drastically decreased from 50% in 1962 to 10% in 1982 respectively.The figures of phone and computer usage, on the contrary, increased correspondingly at a high rate. The percentage of computer communication in 1982 was exactly twice that in 1962. Similarly, the popularity of phone in 1982 can also be suggested by its rise-25% from the original value, 35%.In conclusion, communication devices, as economy and technology are being enhanced, have changes greatly. High-tech ways will gradually take the place of private and traditional ones.