五种英语基本结构(4页).doc

-英语的五种基本结构一句子的6大成分。主语：动作发出者谓语：主语发出的动作宾语：动作的承受者 定语： 修饰名词或代词。 状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、 程度、比较和伴随成分补语：补充说明主语或宾语例如：I eat apples. I eat big apples. I eat big apples at home. I eat big apples happily at home . 二英语五种基本结构如下： 基本句型一： 主系表 基本句型二： 主谓 基本句型三： 主谓宾 基本句型四： 主谓间宾直宾 基本句型五： 主谓宾宾补基本句型一 主系表 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分三类： 1、表感觉：be, look,feel,smell,taste,sound2、表示变化：get, grow, become, turn,go3、表示保持: stay,prove,remain,stand （系动词） (表语) 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻) fells looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. 基本句型二 主谓 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.They flies. rose. cooked. eat and drink. laughed. woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday .is playing.have gone. 基本句型三 主谓宾 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 （实义动词） (宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning." 基本句型四 主谓间宾直宾 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。I give him a book.=I give a book to him .My mother cooks me a big dinner.=My mother cooks a big dinner for me. 常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类） A：动词后加to give 给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 pass递给 lend借给 tell告诉 return把还给 write给写信 promise答应B：动词后加for make 生产， buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌 pay为交钱 基本句型五 主谓宾宾补 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。主语 及物动词 宾语 宾补 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 指出英语的基本句子结构。1.They work hard.2.The flower is dead. 3.Plants need water. 4.He gives me some seeds. 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 6.Many animals live in trees. 7.He kept me a dictionary. 8.Shall I leave you the camera? 9. We find the book very interesting. 10.My uncle bought me an e-dictionary. 11.Singing makes me happy. 12.Daming calls his cat Mimi .13.You must listen to her. 14.He is a scientist. -第 4 页-