初三英语上册(外研版)Module-1-Wonders-of-the-world-知识点总结(7页).doc

-初三英语上册（外研版）Module 1 Wonders of the world 知识点总结一、重点词汇  natural  基本用法 natural  adj. 大自然的。如： It's natural to run away if you're afraid.   你害怕的时候就跑开，那是很自然的。· 知识拓展-相关单词  nature  n. 自然界；性质；自然；自然状态；本性。如：  In fact, nature is much better at recycling than we humans are. 事实上，自然界在再循环方面比人类做得更好。  To a great extent, that is the nature of my own work. 在很大程度上，这就是我工作的性质。  The goal of life is living in agreement with nature.  人生的终极目标是和自然和谐相处。  It's her nature to be generous. 慷慨大方是她的天性。  wonder  基本用法1. wonder  n. 奇观；奇人。如： The Great Wall is one of the world wonders. 长城是世界奇观之一。  Hes a wonder with the way he arranges everything without any help. 他不要任何帮助就把一起事情办妥了，真是个奇才。  2. wonder  v. 想知道，相当于want to know，其后可接wh- +to v.或wh-从句，也可以接if（whether）  引导的从句。如：I was just beginning to wonder where you were. 我刚才正琢磨你上哪儿去了呢。  I wonder if/whether they will arrive on time. 我不知道他们是否能准时到达。· 知识拓展-相关单词  wonderful  adj. 精彩的；极好的。如： Never before have I seen such a wonderful film . 我从未看过如此精彩的影片。  discussion · 基本用法discussion  n. 讨论；议论。如：We had a discussion about the differences between Britain and the US.  我们讨论了英美两国的不同之处。· 知识拓展-相关单词  discuss  v. 讨论；谈论；商量，discuss sth. with sb.意为“与某人讨论某事”。如：  We need to discuss when we should go   我们需要商量一下应该什么时候动身。  though  基本用法  though  adv.&conj. 虽然，尽管。如：  Though the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it on time. 尽管任务困难，他们仍按时完成了。· 知识拓展 though=although。如： I did not know that then, although I learned it later. 当时我不知道那件事，然而我后来知道了。  相关短语 even though 即使。如：Even though I hadn't seen my classmate for many years, I recognized him immediately. 即使多年没有看见我的同学，我也马上认出了他。  loud  · 基本用法  1. loud  adj. 高声的；大声的。如 He answered the question in a loud voice. 他大声回答了这个问题。  2. loud  adv. 高声地；大声地。如：Speak louder; I cant hear you.大声点，我听不见你说的话。· 知识拓展-词义辨析：aloud/loud/loudly  1. aloud：adv. “出声地”有使能听得到的意味。如：Please read the story aloud.请朗读这个故事。  They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊。     2. loud：adv“高声地、大声地、响亮地”常指在说笑等方面。如：Dont talk so loud.不要如此高声地谈话。  Speak louder.说得大声点。  3. loudly：adv. “高声地”有时与loud 通用，但含有喧闹的意味。如：Someone knocked loudly at the door.   有人大声敲门。  Dont talk so loudly（loud）. 不要如此高声地谈话。  more than  · 知识拓展 more than 还有以下用法：1. “more than+名词”表示“不仅仅是”。如： Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。  2. “more than+形容词”表示“很、非常”。如：  I am more than glad to help you.我很荣幸能帮助你。  3.  “more than+that从句”表示“简直不；远非；难以；完全不能”。如：That is more than I can understand.那非我所能懂的。  相关短语  1. no more than仅仅；只有；最多不超过，强调少。如：  This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只要30分钟。  2. not more than是more than的否定形式，意为“不多于；不超过”。如：  She has no more than three hats. 她只有三顶帽子。  electricity  · 基本用法 electricity  n. 电。如：While I was cooking supper the electricity went off. 我正在做晚饭时停电了。· 知识拓展-相关单词  1. electric  adj. 电的；电动的。如：  They still live in the houses without electric lights.他们仍然住在没有电灯的房子里。  2. electrical  adj. 电的；与电有关的。如：There is a fault in the electrical system.电路系统出了故障。  millions of  · 基本用法millions of 意为“大量的；无数的”，其后可接可数名词的复数形式，不与表示具体数字的数词连用。如：  Millions of trees were planted on the hills last year.去年在山上种植了数百万棵树。· 知识拓展-相关短语  1. hundreds of数以百计的。如：Hundreds of students go to school by bus  数百名学生坐公交车上学。  2. thousands of数以千计的。如： There were thousands of people in the hall. 大厅中有数千人。  join in  · 基本用法  join in 相当于take part in，指参与某项活动。如：  Lets join in the game. 我们一起参加这个游戏吧。  They are going to join in the school sports meeting. 他们将参加学校的运动会。· 知识拓展  相关单词join 意为：加入（某种组织） join the army 参军  join the Party 入党  join the League 入团  相关句型/结构 join sb. to do sth. 和某人一起做某事。如： Would you like to join us clean the classroom? 你愿意和我们一起打扫教室吗？  below  · 基本用法below  prep. 在的下面，常表示位置，其反义词为above，意为“在的上面”。如：  Please sign your name below the line. 请在这条线下签你的名字。·  知识拓展-词义辨析：below/under/beneath   这三个介词都可以表示位置“在.下面”，但有区别。  1. below表示“在.之下”，“在.的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下。  Some parts of the country are below sea level.那个国家的某些部分位于海平面之下。  He is below the average at school.他的学习成绩在水准以下。     A boat is below the bridge.一条船在桥的下面。     2. beneath表示“在.（正）下方”，“在.脚下”。这个介词常可与below互相替换，但below较常用，  beneath多用于正式文体中。  Two girls are sitting beneath a tree. 两个女孩坐在树下。  Such a thing is beneath notice.这样的事不值得注意。   3. under表示“在.之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在.上方”相对应。  Our boat went under the bridge.我们的船通过桥下。     A cat is sitting under the table. 一只猫在桌子下面。  sign  · 基本用法1. sign  n. 迹象；标志；招牌。如： Dark clouds are a sign of rain or snow. 乌云是雨或雪将至的预兆。  2. sign  v. 签名，sign up for意为“登记注册、登记报名”；sign ones name on意为“在签上名字”。如：  Did you sign up for the music club?你报名参加音乐俱乐部了吗？  He signed his name on the cheque.他在支票上签了名。  silent  · 基本用法 silent  adj. 寂静的，keep silent意为“保持安静”。如：  He kept silent when he heard the news.当听到这个消息时他保持了沉默。· 知识拓展-相关单词  silence  n. 沉默；缄默；无声，in silence，意为“沉默，无声”。  My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.  在那之后，我的父母亲没有说话，我们默默地吃完了剩下的晚餐。  reply  · 基本用法reply  v. 回答（过去式：replied 过去分词：replied  现在分词：replying  第三人称单数：replies）  reply既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，常接that从句或直接引语；用作不  及物动词时，常与介词to搭配。如：  He replied that it was out of the question.他答复说那是不可能的。  I asked him where to go, but he didn't reply.我问他到哪里去，但他没有回答。· 知识拓展-词义辨析：answer/reply  作动词都表示“回答”的意思，但是词性用法不同。  1. reply可做及物动词，不及物动词和名词，answer可做及物动词和名词。   She sighed, but didn't reply.  她叹了口气，没有回答。   He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。   She didn't answer my questions 她没回答我的问题。  2. 作名词时意思不同。answer作名词，可译为“答案”，而reply作名词，作“答复”，“回复”，  不作“答案”讲。如：  The reply is not an answer.   这回答不中肯。  clear  · 基本用法1. clear  v. （烟雾等）开始消失，放晴。 如：  （过去式：cleared  过去分词：cleared  现在分词：clearing 第三人称单数：clears）  As far as I can see, the weather is not likely to clear up within a few days.据我看，几天内不大会放晴。  2. clear  adj. 清楚的；清晰的；清澈的。如：Im still not clear what the job involves.我仍然不明白这项工作包括哪些内容。3 clear  adv. 清楚地；彻底地。如：She read the book clear to the end within two hours.  她用两个小时把书从头到尾全读完了。· 知识拓展-相关短语  1. clear away 把清理掉。如：Our job is to clear away the rubbish. 我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。2. clear up 打扫；清理；（天气）放晴；澄清。如：Okay children, we'll clear up the room now.好啦，孩子们，咱们现在打扫房间吧。  We must multiply our efforts to clear up the mystery.我们必须加倍努力来澄清这一神秘的事件。  It's very likely to clear up by and by.很可能不久要放晴了。  fall away  · 基本用法1. fall away 意为“突然向下倾斜”。如：The ground falls away from the highest point. 地势从最高处坡度很陡地倾斜下去。  2. fall away 还可意为“疏远；背离，离开； 消失； 逐渐减少；抛弃”。如：  All his friends fell away from him. 他的朋友们全都对他疏远了。  He will never fall away even in time of danger. 他即使在危急时刻也绝不会放弃原则。  The snowstorm caused traffic to fall away sharply. 暴风雪使车辆行人大大减少。  nearly  · 基本用法 nearly  adv. 几乎；差不多，可用在all, every之类的词之前，无比较级和最高级形式。如：  Nearly all of them like the movie. 他们几乎都喜欢这部电影。  He plays golf nearly every weekend.他差不多每个周末都打高尔夫球。· 知识拓展-相关单词  1. near  adj. 近的；近似的；亲近的。如：  We will meet in Beijing in the near future.在不久的将来，我们将在北京见面。  The supermarket is very near to the station. 超级市场离车站很近。  2. near  adv. 在附近；不久以后；几乎。如： I found some shops quite near.我发现附近有几个商店。  The Mid Autumn Festival is drawing near.中秋节快到了。  on top of  · 基本用法on top of 意为“在 之上；停留在之上；加之；控制住；对了如指掌”。如：   There is a bird on top of the house.房子顶上有只鸟。  From our perch up there on top of the cliff we can see the whole town.我们从悬崖顶上的高处能看到城市的全景。  remain  ”· 基本用法  remain  vi. （过去式：remained  过去分词：remained  现在分词：remaining 第三人称单数：remains）  1. 逗留；留下Please remain here till I return请留在这儿，等我回来。  He seldom remains in his office他很少呆在他的办公室里。  2. 做系动词，意为：保持（某种状态）继续存在，仍旧是，后面接形容词、名词、分词和介词短语。  They will remain in contact with us.  他们将与我们保持联系。  After years of hard work，Tom still remained a worker  多年的辛劳后，汤姆仍是一名工人。That old man remained full of energy  那位老人还是那么精力充沛。 The situation remained unchanged局势没有什么变化。  She remained sitting when they came in他们进来时，她仍然坐着（没有站起来）。  3. remain  n. 剩余物；遗迹；残骸（常用复数形式）如：  They have found prehistoric remains. 他们发现了史前遗迹。  The remains of the wooden hull are fragile and need special handling.木船体的残骸是很不牢固的，搬动时需要特别小心。  dead  · 基本用法 dead  adj. 死的Her husband's been dead a year now.  她的丈夫已经去世一年了。· 知识拓展-词义辨析：die/dead/death/deadly  1. die 是不及物动词，一般指因生病，负伤等原因而死。且是非延续性动词（瞬间动词），不能和表示  一段时间的状语（for+段时间短语；或since）连用。如：  He was born in 1847 and died in 1913.   他生于1847年，死于1913年。  His grandfather has been dead for two years.  = His grandfather died two years ago. 他爷爷去世两年了。  He died ten years ago.他是10年前死的。（不可说：He has died for ten years. 或应说：It is 10 years since he died） 2. dead 是形容词，表状态，可在句中作表语和定语。但不可作谓语。如：  He is dead, but his name sill live for ever in our hearts.他虽然死了但他的名字将永远活在我们心中。  It doesn't look like a dead fox. 看来不像一只死狐狸。  3. death 是抽象名词，只能在句中作主语或宾语。如：  The murderer was sentenced to death.  杀人犯被宣判死刑。  I heard of his death when I got to his house.  我一到他家就得知他已经去世了。  4. deadly 致命的；非常的。如： This was the deadly disease of its day.这是当时致命的疾病。  because of   · 基本用法  because of 因为，后接名词、代词、动名词等。I did not go to the cinema because of the intense cold.我因为严寒没出去看电影。· 知识拓展-词义辨析：because/because of1. because 后接从句表示原因。如：He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.因为他有太多的工作要做，所以没有参加会议。  2. because of后面接名词、代词及名词性短语，意为“因为，由于”，在句中一般用作状语，相当于  thanks to。如：Because of the illness, the boy did not go to school.  因为生病，这个男孩没有去上学。二、重点句型   so Im not sure I agree with you.    所以我不一定同意你的看法。  · 基本用法1. be sure+that从句，表示说话人的意见和信念。如：He is sure that he will succeed.他相信自己会成功。  I am sure that he will go there tomorrow.我相信他明天会去那儿。  2. be sure of/about+名词/代词/动名词，意为“对有把握；确信”。如：  We are all sure of/about his success.我们都确信他会成功。  3. be sure+不定式，意为“一定会做某事”。如：He is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。  4. agree with 表示“意见一致”，后面一般接人或人称代词；agree to表示“同意”，其后接事物的名词，  如建议、计划等。如：  They agree with me. 他们赞同我的意见。  He agreed to my idea. 他赞同我的意见。  That sounds great, though I think the Victoria Falls in Africa are even   more fantastic.    它（巨人之路）很神奇，但我认为非洲的维多利亚瀑布更壮观。  · 基本用法 这里是though引导的让步状语从句。though意为“虽然；尽管”，不可与but连用。though引导的从句可  用于句首，也可用于句末。如：  Though it was snowing, she went out.=It was snowing, but she went out.虽然正下着雪，但她还是出去了。  I dont know him very well, though Ive known him. 虽然我已经认识他了，但是对他并不是很了解。  Now, whod like to call first?    现在谁想第一个打电话？  · 基本用法would like to do sth.意为“想去做某事”，would like sb. to do sth.意为“想让某人做某事”。如：  Would you like to pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？  I would like him to stay here.  我想让他留在这儿。  I got out of the car, went through a gate and walked along a dark path.    我下了车，穿过一扇门，沿着一条漆黑的小路前行。· 基本用法1. get out of意为“从内出来；离开（某地）；摆脱（责任或义务）”。如：  You ought to get out of the house more.你应该多到户外去走走。  2. go through意为“穿过”，其中through为介词，常指“从某空间内或某物中间穿过”，多指穿过门、窗、  洞、森林、隧道等。其近义词 across 多指“从某个平面横过”，多指穿过街道、马路、桥梁、河等的表  面。如：We drove through the tunnel  我们开车穿过了隧道。  You mustn't run across the road.你不许横穿马路。3. walk along意为“沿着走”，与walk down意思相同。如： Walk along the street and turn right.沿着这条街走，然后向右拐。  I looked over them, but it was silent and there was no sign of it.    我朝那片岩石望过去，但是一片寂静，什么也看不到。 · 基本用法look over 意为“查看；检查；调查”。如：She is looking over her notes. 她正在查阅她的笔记。  We looked over the house again before we decided to rent it.我们又看了一次那房子才决定租用。· 知识拓展-词义辨析：look词组  1. look after 照看，照料。如：I can look after your dog this afternoon. 我今天下午可以帮你照顾你的狗。  2. look around 环顾。如：You have 15 minutes to look around.你有15分钟的时间到周围看看。  3. look at （仔细）察看，检查。如：Please raise your head and look at the blackboard. 请抬起头来，看黑板。  4. look into 调查。如： A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立工作组调查该问题。  5. look out 当心，留神。如：Look out! The pan of milk is bubbling over! 小心！那锅牛奶溢出来了！  If you put the two tallest buildings in the world on top of each other at the    bottom of the canyon, they still would not reach the top.    如果你把世上最高的两座建筑物叠加起来放在谷底，它们依然达不到顶端。  · 基本用法  这是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，则从句常用一般现  在时表将来；若主句是祈使句或含有情态动词，其从句仍然用一般现在时。如：  I wont go to Beijing if I have no time. 如果没空的话，我将不去北京。  Dont get off the bus if it doesn't stop.如果公共汽车没停就不要下车。  If the traffic light is red, you must wait.如果交通信号灯是红的，你就必须等待。-第 7 页-