倒装句详解(8页).doc

-倒装一、全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run,follow。There goes the bell.Here is your letter.Here comes the bus .Now comes my turn .Then came the chairman.Then followed three days of rain .2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语(out , in , up , down, away, over, off等)置于句首，使描述情景更加生动。谓语表示运动的动词（go , come, rush, fly fall 等）。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber（轰炸机）. Ahead sat an old woman.In came the teacher and the lesson began .Down the river flowed a small boat . Hearing the cat mewing(咪咪叫) ， off fled the mice .注意：1、上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：Here he comes.Away they went.2、 此类倒装句中不用进行时态,如不说:Here is coming your uncle.3) there be 句型及其变化形式。如：There lie/stand/appear/seem/remain/exist)There is a man at the door who wants to see you .There once lived a king . 4) 直接引语前置，名词作引述句主语时，可用倒装语序。主语是代词时不倒装。 “Im quite satisfied with your answer,” said the teacher.“I wouldnt leave her out in the cold”, he said . 5) 表语或状语语短语位于句首表示强调意义时，全部倒装。In the distance was a small boat .Such were his last words .Such was Albert Einstein , a simple man of great achievements.They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy .Nearby were two canoes(独木舟) in which they had come to the island .Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the stomach .6) There be 句型及其变化中， 如：There lie/stand/live/appear/seem/remain/exist完全倒装。 Long, long ago there lived a king. There once lived an old man in the house .There is a man at the door who wants to see you . There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter . There stands a tall tree near the river .二、部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, few, little, hardly, rarely, at no time, in no way, not untilby no means, in no time, in no case , on no account , under no circumstance 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.By no means shall we save him .当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 1)Why can't I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。 三、以否定意义的连词置于句首，作部分倒装 ，如：not onlybut also, neithernor,no sooner .than ,scarcelywhen ,hardlywhen等 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.四、so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。表示后面所说的情况与前面的情况相同。Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you won't go, neither will I.典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I don't know, _.A. nor don't I careB. nor do I careC. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. -It's raining hard.-So it is.五、only+状语，在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. Only when you have finished your homework can you watch TV at night . Only then did I realize that I was wrong . 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 六、 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。 Rich as he is , he never spends a cent on learning . Heavily as it rained , the football game has been decided not to be put off. Try as he does , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。Boy as he is, he is very clever.Child as he is , he knows a lot . 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。七、 其他部分倒装 1) so/such that 句型中的so/such 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.So excited was he that he couldnt say a word .Such was his strength that he carried all the big boxes onto the third floor.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.Long live the Peoples Republic of China !3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again.典型例题：1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat isA. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realize答案为B。3)Do you know Tom bought a new car?I don't know, _.A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。八、省略if 的虚拟条件句，以had , were ,should开头。 Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams . Were they to arrive before we depart tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party . Should it rain tomorrow, the match would be put off .九、在某些表示祝愿的感叹句中，要倒装。 May our country become rich and strong ! Long live the Peoples Republic of China !(live动词原形属虚拟语气) May you have a good time ! (may+动词原形属虚拟语气)I、典型试题：1.-Glad to meet you . - _ A. So do I . B. How are you? C. How do you do ? D. The same to you.2. _ , he does make angry with her sometimes. A. As he likes her much B. He likes her much C. Though much he kikes her D. Much as he likes her3. _ , he could not cover the whole distance in 15 minutes .A. As he ran fast B. If he ran fast C. Since he ran fast D. Fast as he ran4. _is human nature that many people do not value the things they possess until they have lost them. A. Such B. So C. As D. How5. _ , it would be silly to argue any longer . A. Was that true B. If that was true C. Should that be true D. could that be true6. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things , _is often the case in other countries . A. as B. that C. so D. it7. _ , he couldnt expect to get a pay rise . A. Even harder he worked B. Hard as he worked C. Only with hard work D. Now that he worked hard8.Had he worked harder , he _ the exam . A. would get though B. could get through C. would have got though D. must have got though9. It is only when you nearly lost someone _ you fully realize how much you value him . A. do B. then C. will D. that10. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report . A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had11. So little _ about science that the lecture was _ my understanding. A.I knew, over B. knew I , beyond C. did I know, over D. did I know , beyond12.Not a single word _ at the meeting . A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said13. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning ,for she is always too busy _ a good rest . A. no, to take B. no , taking C. any , to take D. one , taking14. _ that we all had to stay at home . A. So terrible was the weather B. So the weather was terrible C. The weather so terrible was D. So was the terrible weather15. So fast_ it is difficult for us to imagine its speed . A. does light travel that B. light travels that C. so light travels that D. with light travelsII、Multiple choice:1. Only in this way _ progress in your English .A. you make B. can you make C. you be able to make D. will able to make2. _, he doesnt study well . A. As he is clever B. He is as clever C. Clever as he is D. As clever he is3. -I dont think I can walk any further . -_ , lets stop here for a rest .A. Neither did I B. Neither can I C. I dont think so D. I think so4. -John won first prize in the contest . -_.A. So he did B. So did he C. So he did too D. So did he , too5. Not until I began to work _ how much time I has wasted . A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize6. -Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know , _ .A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also7. So _ , that no fish can live in it .A. the lake is shallow B. shallow the lake is C. shallow is the lake D. is the lake shallow8. _ it rain tomorrow , we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge .A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will9. -David has made great progress recently. -_, and _ .A. So he has , so you have B. So he has , so have you C. So has he , so have you D. So has he , so you10. Only by practicing a few hours every day, _ be able to master the language .A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you11. Not only _ polluted , but _ crowded . A. was the city , were the streets B. the city was , the streets wereC. was the city , the streets were D. the city was , the streets were12. _ with a book .A. Out went the teacher B. Went out the teacherC. The teacher went D. Out go a teacher13. On the ground_ a poor peasant boy of a sixteen years old .A. did lie B. laid C. did lay D. lay14. Only in this way _ the problems. A. you can solve B. can you solve C. you solve D. did you solve15. She runs fast ,_ .A. so do her friend B. so does her friend C. her friend does too D. her friend do so16. She did not do it well , _ . A. did he do B. nor did he C. neither did he D. B or C17. _ , it is beautiful . A. Small as the lake is B. Small though the lake isC. Small is the lake though D. A or B18. Often _ these Young Pioneers _ good deeds .A. seen have I , doing B. have I seen , to do C. I have seen , be doing D. have I seen , do19. _ , a simple man of great achievements .A. Such was Elbert Einstein B. Such Elbert Einstein wasC. Elbert Einstein was such D. it was Elbert Einstein that20. _ . they would certainly come and help us . A. Had they time B. Did they have timeC. Had they have time D. Did they had time21. Look ! _ . A. Here your teacher comes B. Comes here your sisterC. Your teacher comes here D. Here comes your teacher22. Only when you have finished your homework _ go home.A. can you B. would you C. you will D. you can23. Seldom _ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.A. would I make B. did I make C. I did make D. shall I make24. Not only was she working hard , _ .A. how beautiful she was B. was she helpfulC. but also she was polite D. what a beautiful girl25. _, we shall go on a picnic . A. The weather is fine B. Should weather be fineC. The weather be fine D. Would weather be fine26. _, she was already a lawyer . A. How young was she B. As she was youngC. Young as she was D. Young though she was27. He is a good student , and works very hard , _ .A. so it is with her B. so does she C. so is she D. neither does she28. _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon .A. Gone B. Go B. To go D. Going29. Many a time _ swimming alone . A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy30. Then _ the Civil War .A. did follow B. followed C. does follow D. following31. _ rich and strong !A. Our country may go B. May your country go C. Your country goes D. Does your country go32. _ this way or that way ?A. Did I go B. Shall I go C. I shall go D. I should go33. “Is there anything I can do for you?” , _ .A. Mrs Brown said B. Did Mrs Brown askC. Mrs Brown did ask D. asked Mrs Brown34. _ , my son .A. Do not you be nervous B. You do not be nervousC. Not you be nervous D. You not be nervous35. _ on the shelf .A. Two bottles are there B. There are two bottles C. Are there two bottles D. Two bottle thereAnswers:I. 1-15 CDDAC ABCDC DAAAAII. 1-20 BCBAB BCBBD CADBB DDDAA 2135 DABCB CAACB BBDAB-第 8 页-