人教版八年级上册英语知识点(共40页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上八年级上册英语知识点 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?语言目标：谈论过去的事情一、短语stay at home待在家里 go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆 quite a few相当多 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃 of course当然 have a good time玩得高兴 go shopping去购物 feel like给的感觉；感受到 in the past在过去 seem 是“看起来像，给人印象中是”，可以是抽象的。而look是直观的、在眼睛视线看到某东西后认为的“看起来像”，是具体的。walk around四处走走 because of因为 one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天one bag of apples two bags of apples 谓语动词由量词决定a bag of apples 注意谓语动词由量词单位决定drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on doing继续take photos照相up and down上上下下something important重要的事 come up出来二、习惯用法buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来nothingbut+动词原形 除了之外什么都没有arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事 Why not do sth.? 为什么不做呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事三、词语辨析：1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。 anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。 He started doing his homework. （扩展，非必会）但以下几种情况不能用begin . 1)创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month. 2)机器开动： I cant start my car. 3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old. 在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 The plan is flying over the montains. 超过： There are over 60 students in the class. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much. much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 He cant take a walk because of the rain. because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。 I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive.加下划线的单词：均为谓语动词，使用过去式。 四、交际用语1- Where didyou go on vacation?你去哪里度假了？（一般过去式句子） -I went to the mountains.我去山区了。（一般过去式句子）2Long time no see.很久没见了。3Everything tasted really good. -切品尝起来真的很好。（一般过去式句子）4. I felt like l was a bird我感觉我成了一只鸟。（一般过去式句子）5What a difference a day makes!多么与众不同的一天！过去发生的动作如：他昨晚做作业了。过去存在的状态如：他出生于2000年1月。 五、语法：一般过去时定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态语法构成：谓语动词用过去式 动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种： 规则动词的过去式： 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。 wanted，played 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。 hoped，lived 重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母， 再加-ed stopped 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。 studied，worried 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加-ed. played, enjoyed 规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。 请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读id。 清辅音后，ed要读t。worked，finished 元音或浊辅音后，ed要读 d。lived，called t或d后，ed读id。 started，needed 不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆。(书后最后一页) 如： be was do did go went come came【语法解析】 不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：1. some 和any +可数名/不可数名。some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。 有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。 2. 由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用第三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting 知识点：1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事13. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于14. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事15. keep doing sth. 继续做某事16. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 词语辨析： 1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数 “许多” 2. seem 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today. t o do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句 似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点， arrive in / at = get to= reach+地点名 “到达.” at +小地点 （注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如： arrive here; get home） 4. feel like sth/ doing sth. 感觉像是 5. wonder “想知道”，+疑问词（who, what, why）引导的从句。 6. because of +名/代/V-ing Because+从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。He cant take a walk because of the rain.I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词 “足够” 形容词/副词+enough 作文（一）I had a very good time in my last vacation. I went to the park in the morning. I walked around the park with my dog and watched people fly kites. Then I found several old people fish by the lake ,and it was very interesting. In the afternoon, I went shopping with my best friend and I bought a beautiful dress. We went to the cinema later in the evening and enjoyed a very good film, and it was exciting. In a word, it was a really nice vacation.我上次度假玩得非常开心。我早上去了公园。在公园，我遛了狗并看了人们放风筝。然后我发现几个老人在湖边钓鱼，这事情非常有意思。下午我和我最好的朋友逛街，买了一条漂亮的连衣裙。晚上的时候我们看了电影并且非常喜欢这场好电影，它真的太刺激了。总之，这是一个非常开心的假日。（二）This summer vacation , I went to the east of China with my parents for about nine days .First, I went to Shanghai by train .I spent one days to go to visit the World Expo Park and the Shanghai TV Tower. It is not the tallest one, but it is very beautiful. Then, I went to Hangzhou to see the West Lake and drunk “Long Jing Tea”. I also went to Suzhou by plane. There are many gardens there. I stayed there for about three days and Hangzhou for two days. The next place to go is Qingdao. Qingdao is a beautiful city. There have golden beach and a sea. The seawater and sky is clean and blue. There are many banana trees and coconut trees. We played on the beach and we all enjoyed the beautiful cities. At last day, we took the plane to back to Tianjin after supper. We had a good time!这个暑假，我和父母去了中国的东部几天。首先，我坐火车去上海。我参观世了博园和东方明珠。东方明珠并不是最高的，但是它非常美丽。然后我去了杭州看西湖并喝了龙井茶。我还坐飞机去了苏州。那有很多公园。我在苏州待了三天，杭州待了两天。第二天我们去了青岛。青岛是个美丽的城市。那里有金沙湾和大海。海水和天空是干净和蔚蓝的。那有很多香蕉树和椰子树。我们在沙滩玩耍并享受这个美丽的城市。最后一天，我们会坐飞机回到天津吃晚饭。我们玩得很开心。（三）Last summer vacation, I went to visit Uncle Li with my parents by car. Uncle Li is my father's old friend. He lives near the sea. All his family are warm and friendly to us. They took us to visit a lot of places of interest there. Every day, we went for a walk along the beach after supper. We also enjoyed swimming. It was really cool. On the last day, we went shopping in the shopping center. My mother bought me some beautiful clothes. It made me very happy. We had a good time there.去年暑假，我和父母坐车去拜访了我李叔叔。李叔叔是我爸爸的老朋友。他住得靠近海。他们家人对我们既热情又友善。他们带我们去参观了很多有意思的地方。我们每天晚饭后都沿着沙滩散步。我们还享受着游泳的乐趣。那真是太酷了。在最后一天，我们去了购物中心购物。我妈妈给我买了一些漂亮的衣服。这让我非常开心。我们玩的很高兴。 Unit2 How often do you exercise?语言目标：谈论你做事情的频率一、短语look after = take care of 照顾 surf the internet 上网 healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 eating habits 饮食习惯 take more exercise 做更多的运动 the same as 与什么相同 be different from 不同 once a month一月一次 twice a week一周两次 make a difference to 对什么有影响 most of the students=most studentshop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 be good for 对什么有益 be bad for对什么有害 come home from school放学回家 of course = certainly = sure当然 get good grades取得好成绩 keep/be in good health保持健康 take a vacation 去度假 help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 go to bed early早点睡觉 such as比如；诸如 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课 play sports进行体育活动 go camping去野营 notat all一点儿也不 in ones free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于；超过 less than少于with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb work with sbplay with sb 二、习惯用法1. Whats your favorite? 你最喜爱的是什么？2. How about? .怎么样？/ 好不好？ How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ 有多少?3. 主语+find+that从句. 发现 4. by doing sth. = through + 名词 通过做某事5. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 6. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 7. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 8. Its+ adj.+ to do sth.做某事的的。 9. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 10. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式三、词语辨析： 1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。 回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。 How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。 How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 回答或具体公里数，或 30 minutes walk / driveHow far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time. Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。 The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可 引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句 使用的仍然是陈述语序。 How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Dont stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。 I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.7. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percentpercent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.8. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。 反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。 Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。 Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question. Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： Im afraid I have to go now.10.sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别： sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用， 可位于句首、句中或句末。(How often 提问) Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up? sometime 副词，某个时候。（When 提问） 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week? some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词， （how many times提问） I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story? some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词， （How long提问）Ill stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?11. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中12.“次数”的表达方法 一次once；两次twice；三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 13. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。 如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。14. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如： It tastes good. 这味道好。 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。15. Be about（介词）“是关于”+名/代/V-ing16.however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末17.not at all 意为“一点也不”. not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。即否定句 + at all e.g. The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。四、交际用语1How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？2What do you usually do on weekends?你通常在周末做什么？第4、5句下划线：为动词第三人称单数形式。3Does Sue eat a healthy breakfast?休吃健康的早餐吗？4She says it's good for my health.她说那对我的健康有益。5He plays at least twice a week.他一周至少踢两次。第6、7、8句下划线：为可数名词的复数。6Here are the results.这是结果。7Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week. 百分之四十五的（学生）一周锻炼四到六次。8.Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 虽然许多学生喜欢看体育，但是游戏节目是最受欢迎的。9. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. 通过使用互联网或看游戏节目来放松是好的。五、语法：一般现在时定义：表示现在经常发生的、习惯性的动作或目前存在的状态语法构成：1、 谓语动词用原形。2、 但当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。什么是第三人称单数？1、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Tom looks like her mother. 汤姆看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。3、单数可数名词或"this/that/the+单数可数名词"作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主 语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。6、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。 除上述规律外，还应注意下面三点： 1. 动词 have ，遇到主语是第三人称单数时，要用 has； 动词 be 的第三人称单数形式是is。 2. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时，要用 doesn't + 动词原形，如： He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句) He doesn't go to school at six in the morning. 3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时，要用助动词 does，如： She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问) When / What time does she go home every day? 动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律 1、大多数动词在词尾加“S