动名词做状语(3页).doc

-必修四unit4动名词做状语【Teaching aim 】:learn v.-ing forms used as adverbial【Teaching important point】: learn v.-ing forms as adverbial【Teaching difficult point】 : how to use v.-ing forms as adverbial【自学导引】一、 动名词的形式主动形式 被动形式一般式： doing being done完成式： having done having been done二、功能及用法（做状语） -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1.-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。如：1).While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。2).Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。2.-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：1).Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。2).Being poor, he didnt go to school until eight .因为家里穷，他直到八岁才上学。3).Many of us, being so excited, couldnt go to sleep that night.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。3.-ing分词短语作结果状语。如：1).His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。2).She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。4.-ing分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：1).They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。2).Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 5.-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注: -ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。6. “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：1).His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。2).Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。注意：1.-ing形式的完成式作状语时，表明其与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾或者主谓关系，且先于谓语动词发生。如:1).Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。2).Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。3).Having read the article for three times ,he could recite it .这篇文章他读了三遍，都能背下来了。4).Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.被告诉过多次，他依然在重复着这些错误。5).Not having finished the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.还没有完成这项工程，他们不得不再在那里呆两周。2.-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别.-ing形式在句中作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语.【课内探究】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. _ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. SufferedB. Suffering C. Having sufferedD. Being suffered2. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help3. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope4. While building a tunnel through the mountain, _. A. an underground lake was discovered B. there was an underground lake discoveredC. a lake was discovered undergroundD. the workers discovered an underground lake5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappearedB. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing6. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (北京2004)A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited7. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 1998)A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make8. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (广东2004)A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed9. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海2002) A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in10. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. (上海2004)A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists.11 _ a reply, he decided to write again.(NMET92)A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 12. _ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known13. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran14. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _out of the window. (NMET2004) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having been looked15. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. (NEMT2005) A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused16 Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept17. The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake 18.The hotel _ now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. A. to be built B. being built C. built D. building19. When the first settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn20. Do you know the boy _there talking to your sister? A. to be standing B. stood C. being standing D. standing -第 3 页-