There be 句型用法归纳78369(3页).doc

-There be 句型用法归纳78369-第 3 页There be 句型用法归纳1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2. There be句型结构中的is/are的选择： (1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点/时间状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点/时间状语. there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与某人或某物的数保持一致。当be后是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的第一个名词一致即采用就近原则。eg. There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 3. 句式转换：(1)肯定句：There is/are +名词/sb. + 地点/时间状语(2)否定句：There is/are +not +名词/sb. + 地点/时间状语 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not即可。例如： There are some pictures on the wall. There aren't any pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isn't a bike behind the tree. (3)：一般疑问句: Is / Are there+名词/sb. + 地点/时间状语? There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将 其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧： There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water? (4)：特殊疑问句 There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下两种变化： 对名词/sb.提问：用"Who/What + is +介词短语? "注意：无论原句的名词是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There are many things over there. What's over there? There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room? 对地点状语提问：疑问词+ is / are+名词/sb.?例如： There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer? There are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? 4. there be结构的时态 there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如： There was a sport meeting in the playground yesterday. There will be (=There is going to be) a new film show on Monday. There is to be a concert at the school hall. 学校礼堂有场音乐会。 There have been a lot of accidents round here. 这里已经发生多起事故了。 He told me that there had been an argument between them. 他告诉我们之间发生了一场争论。There will have been a definite result by Friday. 到星期五前就已经有明确的结果 There must be a mistake somewhere. 一定在什么地方有错误。 There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下了雨，因为地是湿的。 5. there be结构的变体 该结构中，有时be还可以被live, lie, stand, happen, come, go等动词代替。如： Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。 There seems little doubt that he is insane. 似乎没有多少疑问他的神经不正常。 6. there be的固定句型There be +名词或代词+to do (+介词) 有某事要做 There be + some/no+ trouble/difficulty ( in) doing sth/with sth. 做某事(没)有困难 There be + some/no + doubt about/as to sth / that 对某事(没)有疑问 There is no sense/use/good/point (in) doing sth 做某事没有道理/用处/好处/意义 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth/that (某人)做某事没有必要 There is no chance/possibility to do sth/of doing sth./that 没有做某事的机会/可能性 There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争辩。 There is a time when.有做某事的一段时间There besb.doing sth.地点/时间状语 “有某人在做某事”例如：There is something wrong with.7.There be句型与have的区别： (1) 用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。 (2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have +sb./sth. There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。 She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的) 注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。