must与have_to的区别many、much、some、any、a_lot_of、a_few、a_little的区别(5页).doc
-must与have_to的区别。many、much、some、any、a_lot_of、a_few、a_little的区别-第 5 页一、must、have （got）to的区别1、 must （情态动词）必须，一定要。表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句中。由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答用must或have to，否定回答用neednt或dont have to，意思为不必，不需要。mustnt表示禁止，不能，不许。-You must see the doctor, Joe. You dont look very well.-You mustnt play with fire, you may burn yourself.-Must I clean the window now? -No, you neednt. Must也可以表示肯定的猜测，常用于肯定句中，意思为一定是，必然。-Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.-It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.-Harry has been reading all day, and he must be tired.2、 have to 与 have got to 常可以互换，不得不，不得已，必须，是一种客观的需要，属于被动情况。否定形式是dont have to，相当于neednt。-My mother is out, so I have (got) to look after the shop.-Jacks ill, so they have got to change their plans.-They dont have to buy a computer at present. 另外，must没有时态的变化，过去时或将来时必须用have (got) to -I must go to Shanghai today.-I have to go to Shanghai tomorrow.3、 have got 意思为拥有，相当于have，常用于口语中。一般用于一般现在时中，在过去时，完成时或进行时中只能用have。可以和情态动词合用。-We must have got a car.-I had a good job last year in Shanghai. 但在助动词或动词不定式之后，只能用have，不能用have got。-I dont have a bike.-Do you have a bike?2、some、any、many、much、a lot of、few、little的区别* some: 一些，有些（表示不确切的数量或数目）。可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。主要用于肯定句中或带有请求的疑问句中。-We need some meat, and we need some potatoes.* Any: 一些，少许。 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。主要用于否定句和疑问句中。-We havent got any meat at all. Do you have any?* many: 许多，大量。用于修饰可数名词，如 she has got many cars.-We havent got many tomatoes, but we have got much tea.* much: 许多，大量。用于修饰不可数名词，too much water（太多水）。-I have got much money, I can buy many books.* a lot of: 等同于 lots of。许多，大量。 可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。与many、much意思相同，但其不可以修饰年、月、日、时等时间单位。如：I lived here many years.另外，a lot 可作为修饰性的短语状语，如：Thanks a lot! 非常感谢！-We need a lot of things this week.* few: 少数的，很少的，几乎没有 a few 少数几个。用于修饰可数名词。-I have a few friends, but he has few friends. 我有几个朋友，但他几乎没什么朋友.* little: 少数的，很少的，几乎没有 a little 少数几个。用于修饰不可数名词。-I have a little money, but he has little money.我有一些钱，但他几乎没有。a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)too many、too much、.much too用法区别及巩固练习1.too many意为"太多"，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。He's got too many questions to ask you他有很多问题要问你。2.too much意为"太多"，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。Americans eat too much meat in my opinion依我看，美国人吃的肉太多。 I drank too much cola last night昨天晚上我可乐喝得太多了。 3.much too表示"太"，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。You are much too kind to me你对我实在太好了。 It's much too cold天气实在太冷了。 You are driving much too fast你开车太快了。典型例题1 - You shouldn't eat _ meat because it's bad for your health.- Thanks. And eating a lot will make me look _ fat.A much too Btoo much Cmany too Dtoo many 典型例题2 - Mum, the soup is _salty.- Sorry, dear. I've put _salt in it,A too much;a lot Bmuch too;a lot Cmany too;a lot of D. much too;too much在线课堂：1. Today，_trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world（1999年辽宁） Amuch too Btoo much Cmany too Dtoo many 2. Look！There's _ice on the lake（1999年成都） Atoo much Bmuch too Ca lot D. too many3. The sweater is very beautiful，but it's _dear（1999年吉林） Atoo much Bmuch too Cmany Dmore 4. These shoes are much too _for me（1999年河北） Abig Bbigger Cbiggest Dthe biggest 1.too many意为"太多"，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。2.too much意为"太多"，用于修饰不可数名词。如：We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示"太"，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
