初三英语考前辅导(12页).doc

-初三英语考前辅导 一、听力：试卷一到手，迅速浏览听力测试题，看准题型与要求，带着问题去听录音，听录音时要特别注意数字、时间、年代等。听对话与短文时要做简短的记录（关键词）。听清、听全整个对话或短文，注意干扰项。例：When will the football match star? (C)A. After supper. B. Right now. C. At 2:00 next morning.W: Shall we go out for a walk after supper, Daddy?M: Sorry, Susan! Ill sleep right now and then watch a wonderful World Cup football match at 2:00 next morning.听力题解题技巧以平稳的心态去做听力题。先在卷面上用的形式选出正确答案，待全部听完再正确无误地将答案涂到答题卡上。(1)稳定情绪，边听边记。把 听到的要点用简单的符号记下，不必记全、有时记一二个字母即可。(2)放过枝节，抓住要点。听对话或短文时，遇到听不懂的地方要跳过去，听时要注意获取与选项目有关的信息，或影响文章理解的人名、地名、时间、数据等内容，全面了解短文或对话，抓住其要点。 (3) 关注变化，破解难关。对没有直接告知答案的题日需推理判断。要重视过程的变化，特别是转折连词but连接的上下文。要留意首句(段)或结尾句(段)，冈为它们往往是文章内容的中心体现。 二、选择填空单项选择内容涉及语法、词法、惯用法、句型、口语交际等诸多方面，题目比较灵活，覆盖面广。单项选择题解题技巧。（1） 题目要看准看全；（2）全面分析题干，冷静思考选项；（3）找准题目的考点，反复比较。可用直接法、排除法、推理法、常识法、反证法解题。但多数题目都源于课本, 一改过去只考查语法知识的传统。分析起来主要有以下一些特点：1题目重视语境的创设，解答必须首先吃透语境，把握题干的全部信息，进行合埋的推断，作深层的理解，并从词法、语法和惯用法、搭配等角度全方位考虑。如： 例1：-Would you like some tea? -Yes, I prefer tea _ sugar. Ato Bwith Cthan Dfrom2强调在情景对话场合中考查语言知识，许多题目是由对话构成题材，使语言知识的考查更灵活、更生活化。如： 例2：-When shall we meet again? -Make it _ day you like；its all the same to me. Aone Banother C. some Dany解析 选D。这里make it是用来约定时间，从下文智its all the same to me (这对我来说都一样来看，只能选择D any(任何；任意)。 3题目命题时注重干扰和迷惑，通过各种手段考查综合运用语言的能力。如： 例3 The schools in China are different from _. AAmerica schools Bthat of America C. America Dthose in America 解析 选D。考查比较级要在同类事物之间进行比较”和“替代”(the schools用those来代替)。做题时容易受汉语的习惯思维定势的影响误选C，题目的迷惑性很大。4题目的综合性增强，同时考查两个或两个以上的知识点；有些题目设计了两个或两个以上的空格；有些题目虽然只有一个空格，但涉及多个考点。如： 例4：I dont know if it _ tomorrow. If it _, I wont go. Awill rain；rains Bwill rain；will rain Crams；rains Drains；will rain 解析 选A。这里考查了if引导宾语从句和条件状语从句两种不同的用法。前面一句中的if引导的是宾语从句，由于主句的时态是现在时态，因此宾语从句根据需要用一般将来时,而后一句if引导的条件是状语从句，因主句是一般将来时，从句只能用一般现在时。所以做题时要看清题干，注意常用的语法现象，语言环境和习惯用语，常采用择优法，排除法、比较法、运用逻辑推理法、固定结构判断法。在做题的过程中，务必看清句子的干扰项。1冠词：字母（单词）里以元音开头的，如表示一个（件、只）则用“an” an “f (l,m,n,s,x,a,e,i,o,r,h)” an hour an orange an honest boy an eight-year-old boy an eleven-metre-wide rivera second time (再/又一次) a third chance （又一次机会）字母（单词）中以辅音开头的，如表示一个（件）则用a “u”a useful book a university an unusual day a one-eyed cat2名词: the Green family=the Greens （注意谓语动词）classthe elderly/young/old/rich/poor/police/audience e.g. His family are having supper in the dining room now.The Green family has moved to Paris.two months/years 20 dollars （表示、数学运算、重量、金钱、距离、时间、数目等复数名 10 meters 词或短语做主语看作一整体，注意谓语动词用单数）e.g. Two Months has passed since he came here.the number of a number of （使用谓语动词的区别） 几分之几的 百分之几的most of （谓语动词取决于它们后面所跟的主体名词或代词）e.g. Three fifths of the money is mine.89%students are from cities.About two thirds of the earth is covered with water.A lot of work has been done by her since yesterday.Many a boy enjoys playing football in our playground.主语为单数，且后面跟有with, together with, along with, besides, except, like等，谓语动词用单数e.g. The manager, along with his secretary, is going to the meeting room.The worker and writer and所连接的指的是同一个人或事物谓语动词用单数 The worker and the writer and连接的两个单数名词谓语动词用复数名词所有格：Jims two months (two-month) holiday someone elses Tom and Jacks room each others others Toms and Jacks rooms Its 15 minutes walk. Spend a two-week holiday Its 15-minute walk. Spend two weeks holiday Its 15 minutes on foot.in a few years (days months weeks) time3代词：注意人称代词的主、宾格、形、名词性物主代词以及不定代词。a) one the other(two three) some othersanotherb) some, any little, a little few, a few something, nothing anything (可用于肯定句，作“任何东西/人”讲)somebody, nobody, anybody both, all each, none neither, either(注：形容词修饰不定代词位置后置，else修饰疑问代、副词，不定代词位置后置)c) on both sides of the street/river on either side of on every side /all sides of the lake/playground/island/classroomon each side of on the other side of not only but alsod) neithernor eitheror （谓语动词用就近的原则）there be bothand （谓语动词用复数） 4数词：a) 数词的读法 1, 000, 000, 000 billion million thousand一万 ten thousand 一亿 one hundred million 10亿 1 billion b)数词的表达法 概数hundreds of many thousands of 确数 three million several hundred(s) of two thousand of the workers c) 分数的表达法：分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于1，分母的序数词加s，分数后跟名词，谓语动词依据名词形式而定。 d)two and a half days=two days and a halfone or two hours 5动词 a)同义词辨析 take borrowlook forhear hope bring lendfind listen wish （肯、否） mustseebe made of (from in by) have tolookbe used for (by, in, as) sayarrive in/atsteal sth search speakreachrob sb of sth search for tellget tograb sth buy sth for money used to do talklook return sometimes takebe used to doingseelend some times spendbe used to dohearborrow sometime costbe used for doingwatchkeep some time pay for( )1. What did the teacher _you to_ at the meeting ? A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. ask, talk ( )2. Do you know who theyre _ about the accident at the school gate? A. talking B. saying C. telling D. speakingb)动词短语动副结构：turn on/off try on keep off put away throw aboutturn up/down try out keep away off put off litter aboutgive up look up ring up look over shut downwake up look down pick up go over think over动介结构：get on (off), look for, work on, complain about, fall off, talk aboutc)时态语态，注意几个短语 have see make hear sb do (doing sth)letsb do sth 改为被动语态要加“to” wacthhelpe.g. The workers make machines to help farmers.d)情态动词：注意may, must, should, ought to, must的否定答语，注意语境，以及表猜测用情态动词may, must, may be, must becant be, need作行为动词用。区别canbe able toe)非延续性动词延续性动词borrow-keepbuy-have open-be opendie-be deadcome(go)-be inleave-be away(from)begin-be onjoin-be in (a member) begin(start) to do-doget up-be upmake friends-be friendscome back-be backfall asleep-be asleepcatch a cold-have a coldget to know-know get(receive) a letter from-have a letter frombecome interested in-be interested inwake- be awakeget married to-be married to6介词 a)注意in on at with的用法（注意时间、地点）b)比较 betweeninover(under) amongafterabove(below)through(desert, forest, door, tunnel) without pastacross (bridge, street, road, river) with beyondc)含有一些介词的短语tieto connectto/with jointocontactona visit toa key to an entrance to solutions tothe way to a trip to a witness tocome up withcatch up with play against(with)by bike=on a bikein red in the treeon the treein the end at the end ofby the end oftowardsto 7反意问句a)注意陈述句中有hardly, never, few, little,seldom等词,反意问句用肯定的形式。b)注意主语后面的s（is, has）c)believe，think，suppose后面跟宾语从句，如是否定句，否定前移。反意问句，看宾语从句。d)unusual, unhappy, impossible, dislike, unfair等前缀的反义词，反意问句仍用否定形式。注：前否后肯反意问句的回答 Lets, shall we? 其余用will you?-Didnt he come to school yesterday? -_, though he didnt feel well.-Its nothing serious, _, doctor?-_, youd better stay in hospital and you need an operation at once.8同义词辨析 eitherso lonely before long when pleased either allsuch alone long before while pleasant too none pleasure also both as well neither9.特殊疑问词a)对人口、机号、电话号码，到哪一年，用特殊疑问词what(what placevisit)b)how soon(often, far away, long)10情景对话看清上下文，注意说话的环境、对象。11非谓语动词a)动名词feel like doing finish doing enjoy doing mind doing practice doing miss doing suggesting doing imagine sb doing sthmake a contribution to doingdevoteto doing sth look forward to doing pay attention to doing be used to doing cant stop doingcant help doing sth be well worth doing be busy doingstop sb from doingkeep sb from doing prevent sb from doing(sb sth 带有被动的意味；用stop /prevent sb being done)keep on doingcarry on doing go on doingbe used for doingthank sb for doinghave fun have no time to do sthproblems doing 没时间做某事difficultya good time need doing=need to be done require doinggive up doingdrop doingthe film starring Gong Lispend(in) doing succeed in doing prefer doing to doing 注意区别：stop, forget, go on, remember, see(hear, watch),doing sth和to do sth 分词作定语，伴随状语b)动词的不定式decide to do, fail to do, would like to do, try(want, afford) to do, used to do, begin(start)to do, need to do sth, plan to do, prefer to do,cant wait to do, make up ones mind to do, allow sb to do, encourage sb to do, expect sb to do sth, remind sb to do sth (remind sb of sth) ask(tell) sb to do, a pen to write with, the ice to skate on, the space to stand in, a place to go to, which cities to travel to if Im able to/ if Im told toIm glad to. Id love to (to不能省) c)过去分词a book written by Luxun a little time left a borrowed booksee many dinosaurs discovered by you the book borrowed from the libraryfind road covered with snow a film directed by sb have sth done12形容词、副词a)asasnot so(as)as=lessthanb)形容词、副词比较级可以用even, much, a little, far等来修饰.c)两者之间比较用比较级，三者三者以上用最高级。Tom is the taller of the two boys.d)比较级的叠用 fatter and fatter more and more beautiful13掌握以下句型(1)find(think, feel, make)+it +形容词+to do sth(2) Its time for sth Its time to do sth Its time for sb to do sth(3) It is +形+ to do sth It is +形 for sb +to do sth It is +形+of sb to do sth（表示一个人品格属性的用介词of）(4)It takes sb some time to do sth(5)Its ones turn to do sth (6)Its (has been) +一段时间+since的从句=一段时间+has passed +since的从句(7) There is (are)+名词+介短 There was (were)+名词+介短 There is (are) going to be +名词+介短 There have(has) been +名词+介短 There seem(s) to beThere must/may be(8)计量的表达结构：主语+be+数+量+形容词(9) 祈使句+and(then)+简单句（着重鼓励） 祈使句+or+简单句（着重警告）(10)until notuntil unless(11)so (such)that(enoughto/tooto)(12) why not do what (how) about doing Shall I (we) do sth(13)the+比较级, the+比较级(14)so +倒装 neither/nor+倒装 so+主语+谓语 (15) Will you please do (not do)? Would you please do (not do)?(16)How do you like(last night)?=What do you think of? What do you like about?(17)Would like to do sth(18)There is no need to do sth(19)疑问词+不定式 What to do with=how to deal with What to do=How to do it (20) sth cost sb sb payfor sth sb buy sth for money/at the price of sb spends on sth (21)find/make/keep+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词/分词/动词不定式）(22)prefer sth to sth prefer to do sth(rather than )do would rather do sth than do sth(23)have sth done have sb do sthhave sth to do (有事要做)(24)sound(taste, smell, feel look等感观动词,get/become/turn后面跟形容词做表语 stay happy/healthy/alive, keep fit, go wrong/missing/bad(25)数词+more+复数名词=another+数词+复数名词(26)Its said/ known/ reported +that+从句It seems +that+从句(27)Taking more (enough )exercise is important.(28)倒装句so, neither, in (out, down, away, not far behind)放句首。Here comes the bus!(29)be likely to doIts highly possible(30)one of the +adj.最高级+n.(pl.)(31)This is the +adj.最高级+n.+定语从句I have ever read/seen(32)the first longest river,the second most useful invention（33）He is the first person to walk in space.十四 直接引语和间接引语 （见书本）He told me that he had met Lily two days before.I asked Kate if she would go there the next week.三、词型变化看清题目，根据所给单词确定它可能出现的几种词性和词形，从语法的角度，句子的结构来考虑一词的正确用法,判断该词在句子中作何种成分，需要何种词性。1注意名词单、复数形式和所有格形式。mouse-mice true-truth confident-confidence enter-entrance tomatoes potatoes heroes mangoes importantimportance different-difference disabled ability endangereddecide-decision discuss-discussion describe-description Chinese Japanese sheep deer Englishmen Frenchmen Germans humans walkmansfoot-feet tooth-teeth boot-bootsloaf-loaves leaf-leaves knife-knives half-halves wise-wisdom free-freedom greatgreatness fit-fitnessgrow-growth warm-warmth strong -strength long-length weigh-weightinvite-invitation present-presentation performperformance-performerintroduce-introduction instruction stomachsinventor operator visitor conductor feeling(s) building(s) greeting(s) meaning(s) warning(s)twin sisters apple trees sister citiesable-ability（能力）movemovablemovement treattreatment achieveachievement agree-agreement activeactivity diedying death dead medicine-medicalnatural disaster nature reservesun-sunny fogfoggy rainrainy stormstormy sportsportypride-proud mix-mixture-mixed 注：表示人的名词来修饰名词用其复数的所有格的形式。mens shoes babies clothes womens skirtsGermans the girls 400 metres=the girls 400-meter race ask two days sick leave Jims two-month holiday=Jims two months holidayhave a sports meeting shoes e.g. His drawing is better than any of his classmates.2.形容词、副词要注意它们的区别以及原级比较级和最高级的使用。a) asas not so(as)as lessthan（用原级）b)形容词、副词的转换 politely widely safelytrue-truly （去e加ly） simple possible terrible comfortable（去e加y） c)短语less developed countries feel (less) lonely the most/least expensived)例句Kate is a careful girl. She does her lesson carefully every day.John is the cleverer of the two boys.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.In which country is the weather most like Chinas?Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. any city in JiangsuKate is taller than any other boy in her class.e)特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级ill manybad worse worst much more mostbadly little-less-leastfar father farthestfurther furthest a most beautiful cit