动词时态(5页).doc

-动词时态（共16种） 现 在过 去将 来过去将来一 般一般现在时Do/does一般过去时did一般将来时Will/shall do一般过去将来时Should/Would do进 行现在进行时Is/am/are doing过去进行时Was/were doing将来进行时Will be doing过去将来进行时Would be doing完 成现在完成时Have/has done过去完成时Had done将来完成时Will have done过去将来完成时Would have done完成进行现在完成进行时Have/has been doing过去完成进行时Had been doing将来完成进行时Will have been doing过去将来完成进行时Would have been doing一、一般时 A.一般现在时 1构成：主要用动词原形来表示，主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es 例： They want good jobs. The coat matches the dress. 2用法： 表示主语现在经常性的/习惯性的动作/现在经常发生的事情 例：He usually gets up at six in the morning / There is an exam every week. 表示主语现在的性格/性质、状态、特征、身份、能力等: “性状特身能” 例：I like sports. I think sports are interesting / He is at home now. He is ill. 表示客观事实或真理 例：The earth goes around the sun. 表示现在说话时正在发生的事情。此用法常见于here、there开头的句子等 例：Listen! There goes the bell / Look! Here comes the bus! 表示在将来发生的事情： 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中 “主将从现” 例：We will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Ill tell him about it when he comes back next week. 表示安排/ 计划好的将来的动作：come/ go/ begin/ stop / arrive 例：School begins tomorrow / The bus arrives at 7:oo 3.时间状语: every day/ today/ often/ always/ sometimes/ in the morning .4.练习: 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He _ (play) soccer every day. 2.We often _ (swim) with our friends. 3.She can _ (dance). And she _ (dance) well.4.Jim _ (be) good at drawing. But he _ (not do) well in music. 5._your brother often _ (watch) TV in the evening? Yes, he _ (do). B一般过去时 1构成: 用动词过去式来表示例：I did not sleep well last night.2用法: 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态例：He suddenly fell ill yesterday 注意：在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语 【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说） 【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year. 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态 例：I wrote home once a week at college. He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood. 提示：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used to或would来表示 She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作 例：We would not leave until the teacher came back. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态 例：I wish I were twenty years younger. 3. 时间状语：yesterday / last year、month、week/ an hour ago/ in 1977 4. 练习：请用正确动词形式填空1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday?      No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on last Saturday evening?    He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.  C一般将来时 1构成: “will / shall + 动词原形” ,shall只限于第一人称，否定shall not 和will not 常简略为shan't 和won't 提示：在you and I或both of us等短语后，只用will，不用shall 例：You and I will arrive there next Monday / Both of us will graduate from middle school next year 2用法： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态例: There'll be no chemistry classes tomorrow. 表示将要反复发生的动作 例：The students will have five English classes per week this term. 表示一种倾向或推测 例：Flowers will die without water / Water will change into ice at 0. 3常用结构 用于“I expect, I'm sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句”中 例：Don't worry about the exam. I'm sure you'll pass. 用于“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中 例：Work hard and you will succeed. 与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用 例：I'll let you know as soon as he arrives / If you ask him, he will help you. 4将来时间的其他表达法 be going to + 动词原形 be + 动词的-ing形式：表示位置转移的瞬间动词：arrive, come, go, leave, move, eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用 be + (about) + 动词不定式：a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作：The highway is to be open to traffic in May. b.条件句中按计划或将发生的动作：If we are to take train 5, we must leave now. c. 表示命令，否定形式表示“禁止”或“不许”： You are not to go out alone at night. be about to do sth 不能和表示将来的时间状语连用。 比较： “be going to + 动词原形” & “will / shall + 动词原形” 1be going to表很快发生的事, will/shall既表不久将来，表长远的将来或不确定的将来 2. will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定；be going to经过考虑的 例： George phoned while you were out. Ok. I'll phone him back.（临时决定） 注意：正式文体中，要用will来表示事先安排的动作：The meeting will begin at 10:00 3表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall 例: I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. 4be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能例：If you are going to attend the meeting, you'd better leave now.5. 时间状语: tomorrow / next day / the day after tomorrow 6. 练习：( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be D一般过去将来时 1构成：”should/would + 动词原形” 例：He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. 2用法：（ 时间的出发点是过去，从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作和状态 ） a. 常用于间接引语中 例：He said they would arrange a party. I asked if he would come and fix my TV set. b. 一般过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态 例：If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. 3过去将来时间其他表达法 a. was/were going to +动词原形 b. was/were +动词的-ing形式c. was/were +(about) + 动词不定式 d. was/were on the point of doing sth e. was (were) due to: 表示定于过去某时将要做某事 提示： “be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句 例：I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain. 4. 练习：（   ）1. - Jack, what did Bill tell you? - Oh, he told me that he _ soccer yesterday afternoon, but his mother didnt allow him to come.         A. was going to play  B. is going to play    C. will play   D. played （   ）2. We decided that we _ Canada next month.         A. flew to   B. were flying to   C. will fly to   D. are flying to（   ）3. Nobody knew what _ after ten years.         A. will happen   B. are happening   C. would happen   D. has happened （   ）4. He told me the meeting _ begin.         A. will   B. was   C. was about to   D. should  练 习1. He _(get) up at six oclock. 2. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning. 3. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long. 4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future. 5. They all _(go) to the mountains tomorrow morning.   6. There_ (be) some water in the bottle.  7. Mike _(like) cooking. 8. _she _(practice) her guitar yesterday?   No, she _.9. We often_(play) on the playgound. 10. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project onlast Monday morning? Yes, he _12._ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 13. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year. 14. There _ an English film at the cinema now. A. will have  B. is going to have  C. is going to be D. is 15 Who was on duty last Friday              A I am       B I was     C Yes, I was       D No, I wasn't  16 _ your father at work the dayyesterday?   A Was; before     B Is; before     C Was; after      D Is; after  17. They _ the office in time very morning.  A. reach to  B. arrived C. went D. get to18. Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A. spent          B. would spent  C. was going to spent       D. would spend 19. your parents at home last week     A Is       B Was          C Are   D Were 20. The  twins _ in Dalian last year They here now         A.are; were    B.were; are   C.was; are        D. were; was 21. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will gives    B. will give     C. gives      D. give  22. What did your son say in the letter?  He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.  A. will visit       B. has visited   C. is going to visit       D. would visit -第 5 页-