初中英语训练之——英语阅读理解解题技巧(8页).doc

- 初中英语完形填空解题技巧 1. 完型填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一、二遍，直到明确大意为止。3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见树林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。5. 动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。 Fashion not only in ClothesFor most people，the word "fashion" means "clothes". But people may ask the question，"What _1_ are in fashion?" And they use the adjective "fashionable" in the same way: "She was wearing a _2_ coat." "His shirt was really a fashionable color."But of course there are fashions _3_ many things，not only in clothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are _4_ fashions in school subjects, jobsand in languages. Fashions _5_ as time goes. _6_ you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was different _7_ one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson in 1850.Today fashions change very quickly. We hear about things _8_ more quickly than in the past. Newspapers, radios, telephones and televisions send information from one country _9_ another in a few hours. New fashions mean that people will _10_ new things, so you see there is money in fashion.1. A. color B. clothes C. food D. money2. A. nice B. beautiful C. expensive D. fashionable3. A. at B. by C. in D. with4. A. even B. just C. only D. already5. A. change B. changes C. are changed D. changed6. A. Where B. When C. If D. As7. A. on B. for C. with D. from8. A. very B. much C. too D. quite9. A. in B. by C. to D. with10. A. buy B. sell C. get D. use【答案与解析】1. B.根据首句"时髦意味着衣服"，很容易推测出要问的是"衣服"。2. D.根据上文"用同样的方法使用形容词 fashionable"，下文自然是含有fashionable的句子。3. C.根据下文中的in holidays，in restaurants等，运用语感感知法立刻就能锁定正确选项。4. A.上句"假期时髦、餐馆时髦"和本句的"学科时髦、工作时髦"之间是进一步说明的关系，因此，要选表示递进关系的副词。这四个副词中只有even表示递进关系。5. A."时髦随着时间的推移发生变化"，属于客观事实和普遍真理，因此，要用一般现在时。6. C."看过去的像片或物品"和"看到时髦总是在变化"是条件与结果的关系，因此，本句应选引导条件状语从句的连词。7. D.表示"与不同"，要用固定词组be different from。根据下句中的different from，运用就地发现法，也能立马锁定选项。8. B.从句子结构方面来看，这是一个表示两者进行比较的句型。根据语法规则"修饰比较级时要用程度副词much"，就可以排除其他选项。9. C.此处是指"从一个国家，到另一个国家"。表达这一意思时，要用连词词组from. to.。10. A.根据后半句"明白钱的时髦"，运用科学推理法可知"只有买东西才能知道"，因此，应是"买新东西"。 初中英语阅读理解解题技巧1 概述中考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1. 文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文、说明文、应用文等。2 中考阅读理解主要考查6种能力：21 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of the following is this passage about?3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.4) The passage tells us that_.5) This passage mainly talks about_.22. 把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：1) Which of the following is right?2) Which of the following is not mentioned?3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?4) Choose the right order of this passage.5) From this passage we know _.3. 根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.4) Here “it” means_.4. 对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：1) Many visitors come to the writes city to _.2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _.3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?5. 依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.2) We can infer from the text that _.3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs.4) From the story we can guess _.5) What would be happy if ?6. 推断作者意图和态度的能力。此类题目的主要提问方式是：1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2) The writer writes this text to _.3) The writer believes that _.4) The writer suggests that _.3 题目类型31 A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A类题是拿分题。丢分原因：1）凭印象做题，准确率低。2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要读好几遍。A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。这样做的目的：1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。32 B 类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题老师用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。B类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。B类题解题技巧：1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（True or False）：Everyone likes the music. <该句子应该是错误的。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。4 阅读理解解题步骤1、第一步：先读题2、第二步：读文章3、第三步：解题中考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧一、常见题型及解题技巧根据历年来全国各地中考阅读理解题型的分析，将阅读理解题大致归纳为以下四类：（一）细节理解题一般针对某个特定的细节而提供，难度较小，属表层信息理解，考生通读短文后可直接找出答案依据。解题技巧：通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：1. 五个W （who ， which ， when ， where ， what ）和一个H （ how ） ；2. 数字、日期、时间等；3. 注意加强语气的词。然后运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。（二）词句理解题此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。解题技巧：1. 正确理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解，推敲斟酌和最后确定其准确含义。2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：（1）注意定义和解释；（2）同义词或近义词的提示；（3）近义词和反义词的提示；（4）利用悬念的属种关系；（5）借助已有知识或生活常识。 （三）推理判断题 通过字里行间的阅读，作合理的推断。解题技巧：1. 分析文章的主旨。2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。（四）归纳概括题此题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求学生在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心思路。解题技巧：通读全文，了解大意，灵活运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法，准确理解文章的话题和中心思想。有时还要求对作者叙述的意图和观点作进一步剖析，甚至推测作者的语气和态度等。一般说来，文章的段落常有概括中心思想的主题句，且多位于段首或段末，有时也会夹在中间。对无主题句的篇章，考生应对文章进行分析和归纳，然后概括中心思想。二、答题步骤1. 先看问题，再读文章。带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题，摘取有用的材料。2.细读全文，认真分析与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，特别留心一些关键信息词。3. 复读全文，验证答案。在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否连贯，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。一、完形填空。 There is good news for the children in the countryside. We may still remember the girl 1 big eyes. Her big eyes are 2 us her dream: I wish to 3 ! In China, there are still 4 girls and boys like her. They want to go to school, but their 5 are too poor. If the family has two or three children, it is harder to 6 the money for all the children. So the parents often ask 7 to stay at home, and boys to go to school. Now they neednt 8 the money. From 2006 on, children can go to school for free in some poor places. They dont have to pay for books and other things. Some of them can even get money from the government（政府）to make their life 9 . Soon, all the children in the countryside can go to school for free. All families are very happy with the news. It is 10 great.( )1. A. with B. on C. to D. in( )2. A. saying B. telling C. speaking D. talking( )3. A. go to work B. go to bed C. go to school D. go home( )4. A. a lot B. 1ot of C. a lot of D. much( )5. A. schools B. cities C. houses D. families( )6. A. pay B. take C. buy D. lend( )7. A. teachers B. girls C. boys D. all the children( )8. A. look up B. turn on C. worry about D. make sure( )9. A. better B. shorter C. longer D. worse( )10. A. not B. never C. hardly D. really二阅读理解。（A）Last summer, 15-year-old Bob had a problem. Like a lot of children. Bob was interested in doing many things. He liked dancing most and wanted to join a dancing group. But Bobs high school didnt have a boys dancing group but a girls group. He tried to join the girls group. And he made it. Bob thought his problem was over after he had been one of the dancers in the dancing group. But a bigger problem was just beginning. The school didnt allow Bob to stay in the girls group. “If we let Bob stay in the group,” the school said, “other boys will want to join. Soon, there wont be any girls in the group." They took Bob off the group. Bob was very angry about it, so he went to a judge（法官）. The judge said it was not a right decision and told the school to let Bob go back to the dancing group.( )1. Bobs favorite was _ . A. singing B. dancing C. drawing D. driving( )2. It was difficult for Bob to join the school dancing group because _. A. the school only had a girls dancing group B. the school didnt allow boys to dance C. the group had enough dancers already D. he was not a good dancer( )3. The school worried that _ if Bob stayed in the group.A. nobody would watch their dance B. other boys would join and the girls might leaveC. other schools might laugh at them D. the parents would be angry about it( )4. The judge thought the schools decision was _. A. useful B. necessary C. right D. wrong( )5. We can infer（推断）that Bob felt _ when he went back to the group.A. hungry B. sad C. happy D. sure（B） Saturday，March 24th We have arrived in the hot, wet city of Bangkok. This is our first trip to Thailand（泰国）. All the different smells make us want to try the food. We are going to eat something special for dinner tonight. The hotel we are staying in is cheap, and very clean. We plan to stay here for a few days, visit some places in the city, and then travel to Chiang Mai in the North. Tuesday, March 27th Bangkok is wonderful and surprising! The places are interesting. We visited the famous market which was on water, and saw a lot of fruits and vegetables. Everything is so colorful, and we have taken hundreds of photos already! Later today we will leave for Chiang Mai. We will take the train north, stay in Chiang Mai for two days, and then catch a bus to Chiang Rai. Friday，March 30th Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village in the mountains. The village people here love the quiet life - no computers or phones. They are the kindest people I have ever met. They always smile and say “hello”. Kathy and I can only speak a few words of Thai, so smiling is the best way to show our kindness. I feel good here and hope to be able to come back next year.( )6. The diaries above show the writers _ days in Thailand.A. 3 B. 7 C. 15 D. 30( )7. It seems that visitors _ in Bangkok.A. often feel hungry B. can always find cheap thingsC. cant take any photos D. can enjoy themselves( )8. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Chiang Mai is a beautiful city in the south of Thailand.B. The writer left Chiang Mai for Chiang Rai by bus.C. Chiang Rai is a boring city in the mountains.D. The writer is traveling alone in Thailand.( )9. The people in the village _. A. are friendly to others B. like to speak EnglishC. are very weak D. hope to live in the cities( )10. What is the best title（标题）for the whole diary? A. My First Travel B. The Outside World C. Traveling in Thailand D. A Country on the Train参考答案：完形填空：1-5 ABCCD 6-10 ABCAD阅读理解：（A）BABDC （B）BDBAC-第 8 页-