There be 句型用法归纳(3页).doc

-There be 句型用法归纳-第 3 页There be 句型用法归纳1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2. 结构： (1) There is /was+单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are/were +复数名词+地点状语. there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 eg. There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。 3. There be句型与have的区别： (1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。 (2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。 eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 变脸一：否定句 There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如： There are some pictures on the wall. There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree. 变脸二：一般疑问句 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可，此为"调整法"。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。看看下面两句是如何"改头换面"的吧： There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water? 变脸三：特殊疑问句 There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化： 1) 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?"；当主语是物时，用"What's + 介词短语?"。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There are many things over there. What's over there? There is a little girl in the room.Who is in the room? 2)对地点状语提问：提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?"啦！例如： There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer? There are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? 3)对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构： How many+复数名词+are /were there+介词短语？ How much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语？4)反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用there? 例如：There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isnt there?There used to be no school here, used there did there?注意事项：1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：There is a basketball in the box. There is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。例如：There are many birds in the tree. There were many people in the street yesterday. 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are some bananas and an orange in the basket. 2. There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语 (如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时 havehas + pp. 、used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误,是一难点.)。例如：There must be a pen in the box.There happened to be some money in my pocket. There is going to be a meeting tonight.There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a church across from the bank. 3. There be + 主语 + doing +介词短语. 例如：There is a truck collecting rubish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.练习：一、选择 1. There isnt _water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. many B. lots C. any D. some2. There _a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night. A. was B. had C. is D. were3. There _ many changes in the village recently. A. is B. are C. have been D. to be4. -There _a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some? -Just a little, please.A. is B. are C. am D. be5. There _ some books, a ballpen and a ruler on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has6. There _ a ballpen, a ruler and some books on the desk.A. is B. are C. have D. has7. There is a boy _at the door.A. stand B. standing C. stood D. is standing8. -_is in the house? - There is an old women in the house.A. What B. Whose C. Who D.Which 9. There used to be a tower here, _? A. usednt it B. used there C. didnt it D. didnt there10. There _a meeting tonight. A. is going be B. is going to have C. is going to D. is going to be11. Are there any maps on the wall? .A. There are some B. Yes, there isC. Yes, there is one D. No, there are12. How manyare there in the picture?A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk13. There aren'ttrees near the house. There is only one. A. anyB. someC. manyD. much14. Theretwo bowls of rice on the table.A. isB. haveC. hasD. are15. Are there houses near the river? Yes, there are . A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any二. 根据所给汉语完成句子。1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There a book and two pens on the desk.2. 钱包里有些钱。There some money in the picture.3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。 some cards in Jim's bag.4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？ anything else in it?5. 我们学校有许多班。There many in our school.6. 树上没有鸟。There birds in the tree.7. 你认为城市里有更多的污染吗？ you think pollution in the cities?三 句型转换。1. There is a woman near the house.(变复数)2. There will be a meeting tomorrow. (改为一般疑问句并做出否定回答) 3. There are some apples in the tree.(变一般疑问句) 4. There are some oranges in the glass.(变否定句)5. Is there a baby in the room? (变复数)6. There are many beautiful flowers in the garden.(就划线部分提问) 四.there be 与have区别专练。1. This desk four legs. 2. some books on the desk.3. Everyone a dictionary in my class.4. (没有) knives in the room.5. I a new sweater. 6. some flowers and a desk in the room.7. nothing in the bag. 8. They something to eat.