初中英语形容词和副词讲义(7页).doc
-讲义3 ：形容词一、形容词的定义：表示人或事物的属性,特征或状态的词叫形容词(Adjective).形容词修饰名词,它的基本用法就是为名词提供更多的信息,它分为性质形容词和叙述形容词两类.二、形容词的位置1、单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面，做定语。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:a red flower一朵红花 this interesting story这个有趣的故事six blind men 六个盲人 my own house我自己的房子形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 例如：I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. 三、形容词和副词的等级变化大多数形容词和副词有三个级：原级（即原形）、比较级和最高级。1 一般在词末尾加er变比较级，加est变最高级。 strong stronger -strongest small-smaller-smallest hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest2 如果以e结尾，只加r 或st。nice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest 3 以重读闭音节，末尾只有 一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。 sad-sadder- saddest big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter -hottest 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变成i，再加er或est。 angry-angrier-angriest earlyearlier earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest5、 但是，开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietlyslowlymore slowlymost slowly注：early中的ly不是后缀，故把y变i再加er和est6、大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级，加most变最高级 different -more different -most different beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautifulexpensive-more expensive-the most expensive但是，以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy，我们可以说：unhappierunhappiest, 形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）farthest/ furthest四形容词副词的用法1."the+形容词",表示一类人或事物,相当于名词,用作主语及宾语The old often think of old things. 2 "The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级."表示 " 越. 就越."。 The more you study, the more you know. 3、 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越. "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 4 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. Science is as important as Chinese. 科学和语文一样重要。其否定式，句型为“.not so(as) 形容词或副词的原形as.” 应译为“前者不如后者”eg.This classroom is not as/so big as that one.这间教室没有那间教室大。5、比较级：两个或两部分人或事物进行比较用比较级。 比较级由“A.形容词(副词)的比较级than B”构成, 表示“A比B更加”。 eg: He is more athletic than his twin brother.他比他的双胞胎弟弟更爱运动。 That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus.那一定比坐公汽有趣的多。 Mary sings better than her sister.玛莉比她妹妹唱得好些。重点：a little, a bit, a lot, much，even,far等词后的形容词或副词用比较级。too,so, quite,how后只能用原形。6、 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.五、课堂练习一. 单项填空1- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold2Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few3She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best4Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well5He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. stron D. the strongest6The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to7The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide8Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too9、 -Which is _, the sun, the moon or the earth? -Of course the moon is. A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest二. 选择填空。1. The new library has _ (many, more) books thanthe old one.2. Sally is _ (tall, taller) than her cousin.3. Our school is much _ (large, larger) thanyours.4. Look, Janet is jumping _ (high, higher) thanMike.5Mr Hare runs much _ (fast, faster) thanMr Turtle. Mr Hare neednt run_ (fast, faster) now.6. In the gym, Tommy is playing table tennis _(well, better) than Jimmy.7. This book is very _ (interesting, moreinteresting) , but that one is_ (interesting, more interesting) than it.三. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. My school is _, but Toms school is_ than mine. And Sallys school is the_. (small)2. Rabbits can run _, but tigers can run_ than rabbits, and cheetahs can run_ of the three. (fast)3.Pig is _, but deer is _ than pig,and elephant is the_ (heavy)-第 7 页-
