一般过去时的用法及结构54958(10页).doc
-一般过去时的用法及结构54958-第 10 页一般过去时的用法及结构1 一般过去时的基本用法 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。 【举例】 I got up at 6:30 yesterday. 我昨天6:30起床。 My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。 2 一般过去时的基本结构 肯定句“主语动词过去式其他”或者“主语waswere其他”。 【举例】 I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。 My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。 否定句“主语didnt动词原形其他”或“主语wasntwerent其他”。 【举例】 The girl didnt play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。 Old Henry wasnt happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。 一般疑问句“Did主语动词原形其他?”肯定回答为“Yes,主语did”,否定回答为“No,主语didnt”或者“WasWere主语其他?”肯定回答为“Yes,主语waswere”,否定回答为“No,主语wasntwerent”。 【举例】 Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗? Yes, we did.No, we didnt. 是的,我们去了。不,我们没有。 Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧? Yes, it was.No, it wasnt. 是的,还行。不,不行。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词一般疑问句(顺序)? 【举例】 What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了? He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。 Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿? I was at home. 我在家里。 为了便于记忆行为动词(实义动词)的一般过去时用法及结构,我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆:动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志。 否定形式很简单,主语之后didnt添。 谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则,主语前面加did。 过去式的构成 be动词和实义动词过去式的构成: 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式:was 和were。其中was 是am和is的过去式,were 是are的过去式。 规则动词过去式的构成: 一般在动词末尾加ed。 【举例】walkwalked playplayed 以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加d 。【举例】loveloved decidedecided 结尾是“辅音字母y ”的动词。先将y 变为i,再加ed 。 【举例】studystudied carrycarried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加ed 。 【举例】stopstopped planplanned规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆: 过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加ed 如果词尾有个e(不发音的),只需直接加上d 。 “辅音字母y ”在词尾,变y为i加ed 。 “一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后加ed 。 随堂练习: 一写出下列动词的过去式。 1.amis _ _ _ _ t _ 6. arent _ _ _ _ 二用适当的词完成下列对话。 1. How was your weekend? It _ great. What _ you _ last weekend ? I _ some homework. 2. What _ she _ last weekend? She _ to the beach. 3. What _ they do last weekend? They _ to the movies. 三用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. _ (study) for the English test last Sunday. you _ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _ (be) it yesterday? old man _(be)ill and went to see a doctor. _ (have) a party last night. _ (visit) the museum and went home. 8. How _ (be) the students? They were very friendly. often _ (have) supper at home. Today he _ (have) supper at school. had great fun _ (play) in the water. made me _ (feel) very happy. 12. _ he _ (have) lunch at nine? No, he didnt. _(buy) a guitar yesterday. 四句型转换。 1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _ _ here last month. 2. .They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) _ they _ football this morning? Yes, they _.No, they _ . 3. They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问) _ _ they _ last year. 4. Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句) _ Tom _ TV last night? 5. Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子) Mary _ _ _ _ .一般现在时的用法与结构 1、一般现在时的定义及构成 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。 (1) be(am,is,are)动词:(作谓语动词时) 肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词) They are hungry.(主语+be动词+形容词) He is out.(主语+be动词+副词) That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词) I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词) The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) 运用am,is,are写三个句子 否定句:主语+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 运用am,is,are写三个句子 一般疑问句:Be(am,is,are) +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 运用am,is,are写三个句子 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句:疑问词(what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape, what colour,),找句子中有没有be动词(is, am或者are)或情态动词或者助动词 (特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词(is, am或者are)或情态动词或者助动词+其他?) (2) 行为动词:主语+行为动词+(其它)。(作谓语动词时) 1)主语不是第三人称单数时, 肯定句为:主语+动词原形+其它 否定式为:主语+don't+动词原形+其它 疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+其它? e.g. We speak Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? -Yes, I do. / No, I don't. They don't speak Chinese. 写三个句子 2) 当主语是第三人称单数时: (he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book) 肯定句为:主语+动词(词尾加s或es)+其它。 否定式为:主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它. 疑问句式:Does+主语+动词原形+其它? He speaks English. He doesn't speaks English. - Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 写三个句子 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work? 3)动词+s的变化规则(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies (3)情态动词(作谓语动词时)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should,will,would)时, 句子结构为:肯定句:主语+情态动词+动词原形。 否定句:主语+情态动词+not+动词原形 一般疑问句;情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? Eg: He can speak English. Can I help you? What can I do for you? 在实际应用中,一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays 例句:He usually plays football on Sundays. 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 talk_forget_hope_stop_perform_play_say buy_worry_fly_study_like_make_take_ love_recite_become_come_drive_ 二、句型转换 1. The children have a good time in the park. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 对划线部分提问:_ 2. There is about nine hundred people at the concert. 否定句:_一般疑问句:_ 对划线部分提问:_ 3. Ann does her homework yesterday evening. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 对划线部分提问:_ 4. I read an English book. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 肯定/否定回答:_ 对划线部分提问:_ 5. My brother is in the park just now. 否定句:_ 一般疑问句:_ 对划线部分提问:_ 一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习 1. I go to school before 7:00 in the morning. ( he ) _ 2. I always go shopping with my mum on Sunday. ( she ) _ 3. I sometimes play computer games after school on Sunday. ( he ) _ 4. I always take exercise after class on Monday. ( my mother )_ 一般过去时详细讲解与练习题 一、巧记一般过去时: 动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were, have,has变had; 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单,主语之后didnt添; 疑问句也不难,did放在主语前; 不含be动词时 如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原; 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时 疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前。 二、 be的一般过去时:学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌 握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧: 一是时间状语巧, 表示过去的短语要记牢; 二是形式巧,单数was,复数were; 三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟waswere; 四是疑问句式巧,waswere向前跑(提前)。 【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等; 2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:last night, last year (winter, month, week)等; 3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等; 4. 其它:just now等 5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。 例如: I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。 【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定 句,并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即: 主语 wasn't weren't 表语 其他。例如: I was not (wasn't) here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not (weren't) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即: Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如: Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗? Was she late this morning今天早上她迟到了吗? 更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语waswere”;否定回答用“No,主语wasn'tweren't”。 例如:Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗? Yes, they were (No, they weren't) 是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。) 一、单项选择: 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10) ( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isn't B aren't C wasn't D weren't ( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were ( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was ( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天) A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasn't ( )6. I cleaned my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before ( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back ( ) 8 . _? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday ( ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday ( ) 10. The koala sleeps _,but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day during night C in the day during the evening D during the day at night 二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10) 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night. 8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 9. How _(be) Jim's weekend? It _(be not) bad. 10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _. 三、翻译下列句子(20) 1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend. 2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night. 3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。 Emma_ TV every day. But he _ _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? They _ _ homework and _ _. 5. 今天早上方方得做饭,因为他父亲不在家。 This morning Fangfang _ _ _ _ because his father _ _ _ yesterday. 6. 你还有什么要说的? What _ would you like _ _? 7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Dont forget _ _ _ _ the teacher. 8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视? Why _ you _ TV last night? 9. 他在打扫教室的时候,发现地上有块表。 When he _ the classroom, he _ a watch on the ground. 10. 他什么时候出生的?1980年。 -When _ he _? -_ 1980. 四、改写句子:(20) 1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3、 There was some orange in the cup.(变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup? 4. Frank read an interesting book about history. (一般疑问句) _ Frank _ an interesting book about history? 5. Why not go out for a walk? (同义句) _ _ _ out for a walk? 6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. (否定句) Thomas_ _RMB 10 on this book. 7. My family went to the beach last week. (划线提问) _ _ _ family _ last week? 8. I think she is Lilys sister. (否定句。注意否定转移)_ 9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. (否定句) Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning. 10. He is a tall, thin boy. (划线提问) _ _ he _ _? 五、 改错题(20) 1How is Jane yesterday? _ 2He go to school by bus last week. _ 3He often goes home at 6:00 last month. _ 4I can fly kites seven years ago. _ 5Did you saw him just now. _ 6Tom wasnt watch TV last night. _ 7I didnt my homework yesterday. _ 8He wait for you three hours ago. _ 9Who find it just now ? _ make him cry (哭) just now? _ 六、完形填空(10) Tom did not like doing his homework,because he liked to do some 1 things after schoolAnd his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework Then one day,his maths teacher 3 at Toms homework and saw that he got all his answers rightHe was very 4 and surprised(惊奇)The next morning before class,he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him,“You got all your homework right this timeDid your father help you?”Sometimes Toms father helped him with his homework, 7 this time he didnt help Tom because he 8 at homeSo Tom answered,“NO,SirHe Was busy last night,so I 9 to do it 10 ” ( )1Aothers Banother Cthe other Dother ( )2Amade Bfound Clooked at Dlooked ( )3Alaughed Bknocked Clooked Dsaw ( )4Aplease Bpleased Cpleasure Dsad ( )5Ato Bfor Cin Dat ( )6Atalked Basked Cspoke Dsaid ( )7Aand Bbut Cso Dor ( )