大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记.doc

大学英语综合教程四级必考笔记l 符号说明：=引出解释/词义一样，表示用法一样，批注表示待确认，加粗表示一个词系词，荧光，数字表示页码。l 2l Shape = to have great influence on sb;determine the nature of sth. e.g.1.These events helped to shape her future career.这些事情对她未来事业产生重大影响。e.g.2.Her attitudes were shaped partly by her early experiences.她想法一定程度上由她早期经历决定。待确认l 一定程度上：partly, to an extent, to some extent, to some degreel conform 与一致l 3l off and on=from time to time=sometimes断断续续地，有时e.g.It has been raining on and off for a week, that's why the clothes feel damp(潮湿.l Belleville=a city in a coal mining region,has diverse industry.l possibility=likelihood e.g.They haven't arrived yet. There's the possibility that they've taken the wrong road.l take hold=become established生根，确立e.g.Old habits die hard. 很难摆脱That's why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold.l bored get/be bored by sth; grow bored with a crashing bore/a frightful bore/an insufferable bore/an utter bore讨厌之极人/事l Assignment=a piece of work given to a particular person分配工作，任务，作业 assign assign sth to sb=assign sb sth give e.g. Some work to do on holiday was assigned.l turn out = (1) come out or gather as for a meeting, public event, etc. e.g.1.A large group of protester(抗议者have turned out. e.g.2.Crowd turned out for the procession. (2) prove e.g. The plan turned out a failure/success. (3)shut off turn out the light (4)produce e.g. The school has turned out some great scholars.l agony=painful l anticipate+gerund动名词/that e.g.1. They anticipate that deaths from AIDS will have doubled by 2005. e.g.2. We anticipate running into problems in carrying out the medical welfare reform.(医改) e.g.3. We anticipate hearing from you.l cheerless cheering欢呼cheerfulcheerleader拉拉队长l That most tedious of subjects=the most tedious subject of all subjects. l Have a reputation for 因l be able to do,have the ability to do <=> be capable ofl Inspire sb to do an inspired guess凭灵感做出猜想 e.g.1.Martin Luther King Jr's speeches inspired people to fight for equal treatment of African Americans. e.g.2.The last leaf on the tree that never fell off inspired the dying patient with the will to live on. inspiration+to do e.g.Her work shows real inspiration.l Rigid=fixed in behavior, views or methods; strict e.g.If he had been a little less rigid about things, his daughter would not have left home at such a young age.l Hopeless be hopeless at对一窍不通 a hopelessly ill patient绝症l Be/go out of date/old fashioned<=>be fashionable/up to date bring sth up to date l Prim=stiffly (too) formal or correct in behavior and showing a dislike of anything rude and improper. A prim dress端庄 prim appearance prim and propernegative过于古板和认真l Severe=1朴素:Hemingway is known for his severe writing style. 2 stern, strict: be severe on/with e.g. Only those who have undergone severe training can be accepted into the air force. 3 剧烈e.g. The severe chest pain experienced by the Vice-president proved to be a heart attack. l Glasses=spectacles, contact lensl Wavy 卷曲 有波纹l He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts.l Comic滑稽l tackle e.g. The question set by the teacher was so difficult that pupils did not know how to tackle it.l Distribute=divide and give out among people, places, etc. distribute sth among/to sb. 词根tribute e.g. films tribute(n.)/dedicated to the national day; pay tribute to contribute, attribute to把.归因于l Simple-minded=showing very little intelligence narrow/open-minded; high-minded思想高尚; strong-minded意志坚强l Due e.g.1. The book is due to publish in Nov. e.g.2. The train is due in 15 minutes.l Face up to e.g. Now that your daughter was born, youll have to face up to the responsibilities of being a father.l A sequence of一连串相关事物 a sequence of dance movementsl Image an image ambassador of.productl In my minds eye mental images 脑海l 定语后置e.g.1. A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far. E.g.2. All is not gold that glitters(闪闪发光).l Scanner扫描仪l Spaghetti-not taste pulpy (多汁) poke戳scoop舀 prong叉子尖头l Recall +n/gerund/that clause e.g.1.I dont recall ever meeting her. E.g.2.She recalled that she had to see the doctor again that afternoon. Remind sb. Of doing/to do/that clausel Drive sth home将讲透彻l Argument get into/break off(中止)/terminate完毕/settle(解决)/put forward; offer(提出论点)/confute(驳倒)an argument l Awake The letters awoke old fears.l Violate=act against e.g. Speeding downtown areas violates traffic regulations.<=>violet紫罗兰violent剧烈l A failing/passing gradel Respectable=1 值得尊敬:a respectable coupleórespectful尊敬: talk to him at a respectful distance 2 decent/proper符合礼仪，礼貌l Composer作曲家l The graded papersóthe corrected papersl Report to sb for sth: I was ordered to report for training to the artillery officers.l Discipline: tighten discipline加强纪律； keep discipline维持纪律learn discipline学会遵守纪律l 4l Speak/talk/say/laugh out loudl Contempt 轻视，轻蔑l Ridicule=making or being made fun of. 1 In contempt of对不屑一顾Do sth in contempt of heaven and hell天不怕，地不怕 2 to hold sb up to ridicule嘲笑l Hold back =1 to prevent the expression of feelings, tears, etc. e.g. Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears. 2 make sb/sth stop moving forward e.g.The en built banks(堤 of earth to hold back the rising flood water. 3 to prevent the development of e.g.You could become a good musician, but your lack of practise is holding you back. 4 keep secret. e.g.Tell me about it, don't hold anything back.l Be pure delight atll Career, profession, tradel At the eleventh hour l As it were=so to speak=as one might sayl Put the final seal on my happiness. definite. A seal of approval e.g.This project needs the government's seal of approval.正式批准。e.g.2 A last-minute goal set/put the seal on Tottenham's victory. e.g.3 This award has set a seal on the successful stage career.BOOK 2U1®Raining reflects on a visit to China. Reflect=think,consider. e.g. When we feel sorry for ourselves,we should reflect that there are others less fortunate than we are.®thoughtCan you read her thoughts=can you guess what she is thinking aboutDon't keep your thoughts to yourself.不要闷在心里。Thoughts pl.=ideas. e.g. My thoughts on this issue®the bustling eastern Chinese citybustle with e.g. The office bustled with people and activity.办公室挤满了人，十分忙碌。®arts=the arts=the fine arts=art文科An arts degree文科学位工engineering理science ®elementary school入门=primary school初等，小学年龄 grade school grandma school®the most telling lessons=1 impressive=have a noticeable effect Telling argument 有力论据2 流露感情a telling smile/remark®be attached to=对。产生依恋，留恋，爱慕e.g.I've never seen 2 people so attached to each other.We've been so much attached to this campus that we don't want to move. Do you have a strong attachment to your family<=>affiliated hospital/school附属医院 ®blockMy nose is blocked.鼻塞 block the traffic阻碍交通A block of marvel一块大理石®positionDon't position yourself too close to the fire.Be in a/no position to do由于某些条件不可能In/out ofPut oneself in sb's( sb else's) position设身处地地着想®vigorYou are in your prime and full of vigor.年富力强，精力旺盛。EnergeticallyMusic of tremendous vigor极大，绝妙®tender=1 young, easy damaged or hurt. e.g. Tender plants at/of a tender age tender foot.pl. Tender foots=inexperienced2 gentle, loving, 关心，保护 a tender parent慈母/父 Be tender to/ towards. A tender smile温柔 A tender glance含情脉脉地 ®not in the least=not at all®bother He didn't even bother to say thank you.费心。他连谢谢都不说一声。Rudeness bothers me.讨厌粗鲁表现Bother one's head/oneself about/with sth.为。操心e.g. I've grown up so don't bother your head about me. Can't be bothered 不愿出力/找麻烦e.g.He behaved as if he couldn't be bothered.It bothers that he is so sensitive®bang=strike violently, to make a loud voice e.g. Strike with a fist拳头®find its way into the slot=reach the destination®initial. n.首写字母Please sign your initials here. a. The first/beginningInitiative n.On one's own initiative主动，自发 Take the initiative in倡导，发起.®Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch him and, noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist. =noticing/observing®hold onto one's hand=not let go of抓住，握住Hold onto your hat while walking on such a windy day.Rock climbing Hold onto the rock to stop yourself slipping.®expectantly=hopefullyShe's expecting a child=pregnantAn expectant mother/father孕妇/准爸爸®await =wait for®on occasion=now and then=sometimes<=>on the occasion在。场合/情况下®neglect清楚、可以做到事，没有做®incident-indicate things in international politics e.g. The 911 incident was not an accident.Ordinary incident of daily life日常事务®be (ir)relevant to 介词Relevance bear/have relevance to®冒号表示后文为对前文进一步解释®shed/cast/throw (new) light on=to help explain/understandShed new light on cause of the disease医学新发现®exceptionAn exception to the ruleWith no exception®ultimate1 根本the ultimate principles2 最终=final the ultimate outcome结局®desirableThis is the desirable solution to the problem.满意，想要It's the most desirable that.再好不过了+虚拟should®complete做了一半完成另一半finish圆满完成accomplish成功做到 e.g. He's a man who hasn't accomplished anything.An accomplished fact既定事实Accomplishments=achievementsCelerbrate the accomplishments of one's objective目标®in due course=eventually®accomplishments can be modeled for him.Take sb. As an example for one's action.Model on sth以。为典范e.g. She modeled herself on her favorite novelist.®matter to sb=be important to sb®principal=chief,main n.中小学校长,主要领导，相关人<=>president 大学校长，大型企业/公司老总®child rearing1培养=raising rear poultry饲养家禽2 后部at the rear of the planeRear lamp后车灯®self-employed 个体户Self-observed只管自己Self-centered®whether it be the subjunctive mood®in retrospect=looking back sth/upon reflectionRetrospective show回忆展Retrospective thoughts怀旧想法®It pointed to important differences in.=suggest/indicatee.g. All the evidence points to his guilt.®well-intentioned心怀好意<=>ill-intentionedWell/ill-bred有教养Well-timed选时很好®come to sb's rescue=come to help®with extreme facility熟练，娴熟Facility =the ability to do things easily have a facility for sth/doing sth®mode and shape one's performance塑造，影响=determine the nature of®so much so that=to such a degree/an extent that®continual repeated, going on all the time<=>continuous flight飞机直飞不中转，nonstop®a classroom/university setting 环境®work on perfecting their craft=try hard to improveCraft-skill in the use of handCrafty=cunning狡诈 e.g. A crafty old fox®in terms of=as we got®reverse 1 n. The reverse ofe.g.People often think that children's shoes are cheaper than adults', but the fact is the reverse of it.2 adj. Reverse of/to与相对The reverse trend相反趋势3 v. Reverse the car=back the car.into the parking lotreversible a reversible coat可以翻过来穿®priority 优先考虑事Give first/top priority to.My first/top priority this semester is to pass CET4.=College English Test band 4®departure n.=venture ；to act different from sth®inseparableseparate from®evolve to/from®value. v.=have a high opinion of sthWe value truth above anything else.Do you value her as a friend®harbor=1 to keep in mind secretly心怀Harbor suspicion 心存疑虑Harbor the thoughts of revenge2 窝藏罪犯/赃品Harbor a wanted manHarbor an escaped prisoner®there is no comparable hurry to promote creativityNo comparable相比而言没有必要®fearless of consequences不计后果Fearsome e.g.a fearsome look样子可怕/让人触目惊心情景 a fearsome task让人望而却步®overstate=exaggerateovereat, oversleep, overact行为过激， overwork ®innovation革新®examine=study carefully®develop a filmDevelop a theory阐述某一理论Develop illness 逐渐患上®valid 有根据，逻辑上行得通e.g. The ticket is valid in 24 hours. The ID card is a valid proof of your identity.®foster培养e.g. Foster the growth of local industries®balance=to find the middle point between 2 thingsIt's difficult to strike®Are you superior to the 5 year program students®achievements accumulated by predecessorsu2®dinner jacket=tuxedo/tuk'si:dou/®franchise retail store特许经营零售店Retailing ®with a collective net worth of集体净资产®lavish=luxurious®wheel v. =drive=sit at the wheelWheel a patient into an operating room®sleepy<=>bustling®discount chain/shop/store/warehouse仓库Discount-at a lower price/supplying cheaper things®simple=frugal®no palace=not luxurious<=>not a palaceNo teacher不具备teaching skills,不够资格<=>Not a teacheroccupationNot a youngster=not young<=>no youngster=quite old®sit=lie a truck sits in the garageCSU sits at the bottom of Yuelu Mountain.The book is still sitting on the shelf.书一直放在书架上没看。®The furniture appeared a little worn.=old; used for a long time®muddy1 鞋满泥 muddy shoes2 color土黄色muddy water混浊水®spotOn the spot在现场<=>put sb on the spot使难堪 e.g. You'll put him on the spot if you tell everyone about it.<=>He's running on the spot.原地踏步，没有进步。Spot advertisement/announcement电视插播广告=prime time advertisement黄金时段广告Hit the spot with sb=to one's taste e.g.This food hits the spot with me. ®a bird dog到别公司挖掘人才人Bird bird flu®carry on=1 behave in a specific way举止He carries on like a millionaire=he spends money left, right and center.2 vi.phr. 不守规矩The kid carried on in the swimming pool.®folks usually pl. +谓语动词复数Country folks towns folksFellow villagers fellow townsmen老乡®plain folks = ordinary people®travel these windy back roadsTravel vt. Travel the whole world travel a long way to get to schoolWindy= twistyBack roads=by/minor roads®treatment处理The treatment of some medical equipment®struggle to do=make great effort to do®corporate公司Corporate image企业形象Multi-national corporation跨国公司®by/from all accounts=according to what everyone says据说I've never seen him before, but he's by all accounts a nice person.Account forTake sb into accountOn account of由于On all accounts/every account无论如何On no account绝不®flashyIn a flashy立刻，马上A flashy of突然出现 a flashy of understanding/inspiration顿悟华美，炫耀， a flashy car®blend in/into融入/与融洽相处What he said reinforced my determination to blend in the surroundings.The style of the building does not blend in with the architecture.I only blend in with cultured people/well-bred.有教养人®throw one's weight around/about盛气凌人Because of his achievements/he is a boss/he is stronger than us, he always throws his weights around/about. That's not much of a boss.®a set place固定We have meals at a set time/set times.The set procedure for doing固定程序Do you have set hours of work®barber's shop小理发店<=>hair dresser美发师®open up商店营业®At a church supper the other night, he and his wife were in back washing dishes.=at the back of the churc