自考英语语法例句.docx

情态动词的定义:情态动词是一种本身有肯定的词义,表示说话人的心情,看法或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗?Shall we begin now?我们如今就开场吗?You must obey the school rules.你必需遵守校规。情态动词数量不多,但用处广泛,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .情态动词的位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。I can see you. Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他肯定走了。What can I do for you?你要什么?How dare you treat us like that!你怎能那样对待我们!情态动词的特点:情态动词无人称和数的改变, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否认式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有如今式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，如今或将来。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起，我帮不上你。转自环 球 网 校edu24ol情态动词的用法:can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件答应,could 为 can 的过去式。Can you pass me the books?你能给我递一下书吗 ?Could you help me, please?请问,你能扶植我吗?What can you do?你能干点什么呢?Can you be sure?你有把握吗?can 和could 只能用于如今式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。He could help us at all.他完全可以扶植我们。With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.由于教师的扶植,我将能精确地讲英语。may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,答应或恳求对方答应。You may take the book home.你可以把书带回家去.May I come in?我可以进来吗?May I use your dictionary?我可以用你的词典吗?You may put on more clothes.你可以多穿点衣服.He said he might lend us some money.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may 否认式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的疑心。He told me he might be here on time.他说他能按时间来。Might I borrow some money now.我可以借点钱吗?He might be alive.他可能还活着。Must 必需,应当,肯定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 吩咐, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推想。 must 用来指一般如今时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。I must finish my work today.我今日必需完成我的工作。You mustn't work all the time.你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow?我必需明天还书吗?After such a long walk, you must be tired.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol走了这么长的路,你肯定困了。He must be the man I am looking for.他肯定是我要找的人。He had to go because of somebody's callinghim that day.那天他要走是因为有人叫他。must + have + 过去分词,表示如今对过去事物的推想。He must have told my parents about it.他肯定把这件事情告知我父母亲了。He must have received my letter now.他如今肯定收到我的信了。It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.已经六点钟了，我们肯定又迟到了。must 和 have to 的区分: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观须要。You must do it now.你必需如今就干。(说话人认为必需如今干)I have to go now.我得走了。(客观条件必需如今走)need 须要 多用在否认式或疑问句中.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我须要明天参与会议吗?You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词运用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。I need a bike to go to school.我上学须要一辆自行车。Do you need a dictionary?你须要词典吗?She needs a necklace.她须要一条项链。needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You needn't have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太仔细。dare 敢 多用在否认或疑问句中。The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dare you catch the little cat?你敢抓小猫吗?dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词运用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。Do you dare to walk in the dark?你敢黑夜走路吗?He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告知教师那天发生的事。ought 应当,应当 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.假如你想知道如何修理汽车,你应当读这些书。You ought to bring the child here.你应当把孩子带来。ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。You ought to have been here yesterday.你昨天就应当来。ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.你不应当把书带出阅览室。will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,可用于各人称。I'll do my best to catch up with them.我要尽全力赶上他们。I'll never do it again, that's the last time.我再不会做那件事情了,这是最终一次。He said he would help me.他说他会扶植我。will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出恳求或询问,用 would 比 will 更宛转,客气。It's hot. Will you open the windows?天气太热了,你能翻开窗户吗?Will you help me to work it out?你能帮我解这道题吗?Would you like some coffee?给你来点咖啡怎样?Shall, should表示吩咐,警告,承诺,征求,劝说,建议惊异。You should hand in the exercise book.你应当交作业本儿了。This should be no problem.这应当没问题。Shall we go now.我们如今可以走了吗?Why should I meet him?为什么我要见他?have to,不得不,必需,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必需。I have to go now.我如今得走了。I have to cook for my child.我得给孩子做饭。You must be here on time next time.你下次肯定要按时来。We must go to get the timetable ourselves.我们肯定要自己去拿时刻表。英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：I have repaired the radio.我修好了收音机。The radio has been repaired.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol收音机被修好了。The students cleaned the classroom.学生们清扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室被学生们清扫了。被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词A building was damaged by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。Our plate was made in China.我们的盘子是中国消费的。My bike was stolen.我的自行车被盗了。常用的被动语态的时态改变如下，以 ask 为例：一般 进展 完成如今I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked过去将来I shall be asked被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提早到句首。Has your TV set been repaired?你的电视机修了吗?Was the kite broken?风筝破了吗?Has the work been done?工作完毕了吗?被动语态的否认式是在助动词后面加 not.The letter has not been sent out.信还没有发出去。The little boy has not been found out.小孩还没有找到。The cap has not been mended yet.帽子还没有补好。Their money has not been sent to them.他们的钱还没有送到他们手中。被动语态的用法：被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系，当主语是动作的承受者时， 就须要用到被动语态，汉语中所说的，“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了” 等句子就是一种被动语态的句子，在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。被动语态中还可用 by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者。也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语，被动语态常用在下列状况。1) 不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时，或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。The glass was broken last night.玻璃昨天被打破了。His bike has been stolen.他的自行车被偷了。He was asked to go there once more.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol他被要求再去那儿一次。The bag was put into the box.袋子放在了箱子里。2) 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。The plan has been sent to the headmaster.安排已经送给校长了。Kilinton was elected the President of U.S.A.克林顿被选为美国总统。Five people were hurt in the explosion.五个人在这次爆炸中受伤。A new building was set up in a short time.新大楼短期就建成了。3) 被动语态也可以说出动作的执行者，构成如下：动作承受者 + be + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者。The picture was praised by everybody.照片得到了大家的好评。The classroom was cleaned by us.教室被我们清扫过。The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi.这座桥是山西的工人建的。The little boy was found by the police.小孩被警察找到了。有关被动语态的几个问题：1) "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。I'm interested in mathematics.我对数学感爱好。He seems unsatisfied with his work.他看起来对他的工作不满足。转自环 球 网 校edu24olWe are determined to catch up with the developed countries.我们决心要赶上兴旺国家。The song is called "Don't forget me".歌曲的名字叫“勿忘我”。某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The food tastes good.食物很香。It smells strange.这有怪味。The stone feels very cold.石头摸起来很冷。The woman's clothes sell well.女装卖的快。3) 一般状况下，及物动词才能构成被动语态，但有些不及物动词组成短语后，也可构成被动语态。He was looked down upon because of his egoism.他因自私而受人冷落。The children were taken good care of in the the orphanage.孩子们在孤儿院受到了良好的照看。形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语，补语。She is a good student, and she works hard.她是一个好学生,她学习努力。This bike is expensive.这辆自行车很贵。I am sorry, I'm busy now.对不起,我如今很忙。Have you got everything ready for the meeting?你为这次会议做好打算吗?形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。假如有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的亲密程度而定, 越亲密的形容词越靠近名词。假如几个形容词的亲密程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告知你。Is there anything interesting in the film.电影里有什么好玩的内容吗?There is nothing dangerous here.这儿一点都不危急。由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本简单读的书。用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步说明的作用。Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.每一个人,男女老少,都应当参与会议。You can take any box away, big or small.这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。形容词的比拟级和最高级:绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比拟级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如:poor tall great glad bad形容词的比拟级和最高级: 形容词的比拟级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的根底上改变的。 分为规则改变和不规则改变。规则改变如下:转自环 球 网 校edu24ol1) 单音节形容词的比拟级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。great (原级) greater(比拟级) greatest(最高级)2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比拟级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。wide (原级) wider (比拟级) widest (最高级)3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比拟级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。clever(原级) cleverer(比拟级) cleverest(最高级)4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比拟级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.happy (原形) happier (比拟级) happiest (最高级)5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比拟级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。big (原级) bigger (比拟级) biggest (最高级)6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比拟级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级)more beautiful (比拟级) more difficult (比拟级)most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)常用的不规则改变的形容词的比拟级和最高级:原级比拟级最高级goodbetterbestmanymore mostmuchmore mostbadworseworstlittle less leastill worseworstfarfarther(further) farthest(furthest)形容词前如加 less 和 lest 则表示"较不"和"最不"important 重要less important 较不重要lest important 最不重要形容词比拟级的用法:形容词的比拟级用于两个人或事物的比拟,其构造形式如下:主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比拟级+than+ 比照成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比拟级的主句+than+从句。留意从句经常省去意义上和主句一样的局部, 而只剩下比照的成分。Our teacher is taller than we are.我们教师的个子比我们的高。It is warmer today than it was yesterday.今日的天气比昨天温煦。This picture is more beautiful than that one.这张照片比那张照片美丽。This meeting is less important than that one.这次会议不如那次会议重要。The sun is much bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大得多。