不用被动语态的情况(4页).doc

-不用被动语态的情况-第 4 页被动语态补充说明4 不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her. 5 主动形式表示被动意义 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive The book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。 2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. 3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。 This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 6 被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意： 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。 He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl. 7、 need/want/require/worth 注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。 Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 典型例题 The library needs_, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。 典：done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时)。