北师版高一英语必修一第一单元知识汇总(6页).doc

- 必修一 Unit 1Key pointsWarm-up1. 与感觉有关的及物动词以ing结尾和-ed结尾做形容词-ing 令人有某种感觉，-ed 人被引起某种感觉Move, excite, frighten, disappoint, pleas, satisfy, surprise, interest, encourage, bore2. suppose vt. 猜想，料想；认为，相信（1） suppose+that-clause 认为，猜想 eg: I (that) you are right. 我认为你说的对。（2） 做假定，假设，相当于if eg: your father saw you now, what would you say? 假设你父亲现在看到了你，你该怎么说？（3） Be supposed to do 被期望或要求，应该 eg: I thought we were to be paid today. 我以为我们今天会发薪水呢。（4） Be not supposed to do 不应当，不准 eg: We are not to play football on Sundays. 我们不准在礼拜天踢足球。（5） Supposing that-clause 假定 （supposing 做连词）eg: (that) you are wrong, what will you do then? 假定你错了，你将会做什么呢？考点：否定前移 suppose, think, imagine, believe eg: I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?Lesson 11. Forty-three-year-old man=forty-three years old man2. switchswitch on=turn on 把开关打开switch off=turn off 把关掉switch over 转换频道，转变2. moment（1） at the moment 此刻，目前eg: I am busy at the moment, but I will do it later. 我现在很忙，但是我稍后会处理这件事的。（2）for the moment 暂时，目前eg: they are living in an ugly house for the moment. 他们暂时住在一间简陋的房子里。（3） in a moment 一会儿，立刻，马上eg: he will come back in a moment, 他马上就会回来。3. do some exercise4 controlsb take of/over sb/sth 控制某人/事 be in of/over sb/sth 控制某人/事 under 受到控制lose of/over sb/sth 失控 be out of 失去控制5. 表示花费（1） it takes sb some time to do sth eg: It took her 3 hours to mend her bike.（2） Spend on sth/ (in) doing sth（3） cost（4） pay6. 名词前有序数词时用不定式做定语eg: I am always the first person to get to the office.7. take up（1）占据 eg: This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了。（2）开始做 eg: When can you take up your duties? 你什么时候可以开始工作？（3）向提出 eg: He said he would take up my difficulties with the headmaster. 他说他要向校长先生提出我的困难。8. be filled with= be full of 充满eg: Her eyes are filled with tears.9. complain vt./vi. 抱怨，埋怨；投诉，控诉（1） (to sb) about/of sth. （向某人）抱怨，诉说，投诉某事 eg: Some customers are complaining to the manager of /about the quality of the food. 一些顾客正在向经理投诉这些食品的质量。（2） (to sb) that （向某人）抱怨eg: We complained to the hotel manager that the room was too noisy. 我们向酒店经理投诉，这个房子太吵了。10. except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that (when.) 等。 （1） except 和 but 都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him. (排除him) （2） besides 除之外，还，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围) （3） except for 只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.Lesson 21. pressureUnder of 在的压力下 Put/bring on 给压力Cause 造成压力 Suffer 承受压力2. suffer 遭受痛苦，疾病，寒冷，饥饿，损失等。Suffer from a bad cold3. stand+v-ing eg: She couldnt stand being kept waiting. 叫她等着，她会受不了。4. reduce（1） sth to 减少到了（多少）eg: the number of employees was reduced from 40 to 20. 雇员从40个减少到了20个。（2） sth by 减少了（多少）eg: costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%5. prefer（1） sb to do sth 更愿意某人做某事.（2） to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿意做B（3） (doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿做A二不愿意做Beg: On a cold day he prefers going out to play football to staying at home.6. support in of sb/sth 支持/同意某人/某物 eg: He made a speech in support of a ban on arms supplies. 他发表演讲支持武器禁运。7. take turns to do sthLesson 31. volunteer volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事2. graduate from 从某校毕业3. support win support of sb. 赢得某人的支持 support sb. 支持某人4. Imagine imagine doing 想象做某事Lesson 41. sothat 如此以至于eg: he was so fat that he couldnt get through the door. 他胖得无法穿过这道门。（1） So + adj + a(n)+单数可数名词 eg: so wonderful a day如此精彩的一天 So+adj.+可数名词复数 so wonderful days （2）Such + adj + 不可数名词 eg: such great progress 如此巨大的进步 It was such fine weather that everyone wanted to go outing.2. return to3. otherwise 否则，不然，除此之外eg: My parents lend me the money. Otherwise, I couldnt have afforded the trip.4. be good for=do good to5. free be free to do sth. 无拘无束做某事 be free of 免于，没有 for free 免费 free of charge 免费6. distance n. 距离；间距at/from a 离一段距离，从远处in the 在远处，在远方a of 200km 200千米的距离7. be fond of8. especially, specially （1）especially adv. 特殊地；尤其是 侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English. (尤其是英语) especially 后可接介词短语或从句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring. (尤其是在春天) Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. （2）specially 侧重特意地、专门地做某事 (后面常接for sb. 或to do sth.)I made a chocolate cake specially for you.-第 6 页-