学位英语翻译复习精选题.docx

2015年成人英语三级考试英汉互译精选试题备考经验：能直译尽量不意译英译汉时应注意以下几个方面：1 总的原则(1)翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯(2)翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文思想内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一。(3)能够直译尽量不意译(4)翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达。现就这一点作进一步论述。2 结合英文写作特点对语言进行整体理解首先，英文段落的首句一般为topic sentence，然后展开说明。展开的写法有多种，可分可总，可下定义，可同义重复，可以代词复指等。利用这一技巧，先通读全文，便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段与段之间的关系，在翻译时就能在上下文中确定词义，从而进行准确的翻译。其次，就具体而言：(1)对词的理解可以从构思法、词的搭配关系和词汇之间的逻辑关系等方面入手(2)对句子的理解可以从句子的内在逻辑、成分之间的从属关系和句子的语法组成等方面来实现(3)对于长句，可采用如下译法：顺译法：按照原文顺序译逆续法：顺序与原文顺序相反重复法：重复前一个词分译法：一个句子分成几个部分来翻译括号法：在译文后加括号进行解释和说明等终合法：综合运用上述各种方法3 表达正确理解原文后，还要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。这些技巧有：(1)增词法。根据需要增加一些词语，如名词等(2)减词法。根据汉语习惯，删去一些词(3)肯否表达法。原文为肯定句，译成汉语是为增强修饰效果，可以译为否定句。反之亦然(4)变换法，名词译成动词或动词转译成名词等(5)分合法。一个长句可分成若干部分来译，或者把原文的几个简单句用一个句子表达出来。(6)省略法：两种语言由于存在差异，表达时不可能总是对等，经常可以省略一些词和句子成分，如英语中的冠词汉语里没有，译时可以省略4 应试中还应注意的问题(1)词的指代问题要搞清楚(2)汉语知识的应用，如修辞等(3) 部分否定和否定重点。部分否定，如not all；否定重点，如I dont teach becauseI have knowledge.(我并非因为有知识才去教书)。否定重点为because，而不是teach.(4)虚拟语气。这种语法现象有时并非只表示字面意思，它经常有感情色彩，译时要注意。(5)要认真地通读全文，根据上下文来确定词义、句意，切不可断章取义，望文生义。5 核对原文既要核对译文是否准确、通顺，还要注意关键词的采分点。同时不要忘记全文结构的表达，这部分还有0.5分呢。考试翻译的复习与应试翻译是一门艺术，同时又是一种实践。它是对英语综合能力的考查，没有一定的英语基本功，要想在这部分得到高的分数是不可能的。但是，具有了一定的英语基础，并不等于具有较高的翻译能力。因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法，针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象，仔细分析一些翻译实例，总结出一些规律性的东西，再加以必要的练习，对考生来说是非常必要的，而且在短时间内提高自己在该部分的得分是完全有可能的。环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。For the majority of people,reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style,it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes:it is never too late to learn.对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job.通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。By taking a major-related part-job,students can not only improve their academic studies,but gain much experience,experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。Although people's lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades,it must be admitted that,shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。Consequently,the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job,which will benefit students and their family,even the society as a whole.现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。These days,people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that,along with the development of modern society,it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.在城市私人轿车的数量应得到控制而公交车的数量应该增加。The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses should be increased.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。In view of the seriousness of this problem,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.当问到愿意将孩子送到哪种学校的时候，许多父母认为他们会选择寄宿学校而不是日制学校。When asked what kind of school they are willing to send their children to attend,many parents say they would choose a boarding school rather than day schools for their children.许多调查显示越来越多的人开始意识到寄宿学校能给他们的孩子提供较好的学习环境和设施。Many survey show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize that boarding school provides better environment and facilities for children.同时，仍有许多人持传统观点认为日制学校对孩子的学习发挥着极其重要的作用。At the same time,there are still many people who live under the traditional ideas that day schools play an extremely important role in children's study.一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。On the one hand,it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect,especially in last few years.离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性。Students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。What's more,living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。On the other hand,the contribution of day schools can't be ignored.因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。Due to high tuition fee,most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。Since it is unnecessary to consider student's routine life,day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects,such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。Furthermore,students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents,which have beneficialimpact on development of their personal character.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。Although this view is wildly held,this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。In the last decades,advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。In fact,we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。Now,it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.我同意后者，有如下理由：For my part,I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。Before giving my opinion,I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。This view is now being questioned by more and more people.尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。Although many people claim that,along with the rapidly economic development,the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。According to a recent survey,four million people die each yearfrom diseases linked to smoking.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents,who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus,which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem:the cityauthorities should take strong measures to deal with it.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes:All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。Any government,which is blind to this point,may pay a heavy price.当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。Nowadays,many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately,for most young people,it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。At the same time,along with the benefits of such machines,employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.首先，学校应提供更多的服务，帮助新生尽快适应新的生活。In the first place,school authorities should provide far more services to help freshmen to get used to the new life as soon as possible.高年级学生可以与新生一起分享他们的经历：如何克服遇到的困难，如何适应新的环境。The senior and junior students could share their own experience about how to overcome the difficulty they have ever met,how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.同时，应该鼓励年轻人和他们的同龄人交往，发展他们的交际能力，这将帮助他们极大地减少对父母的倚赖并且保持健康的精神状态。At the same time,young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills,which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.总之，我们应重视这个问题，尽最大努力帮助他们平稳度过他们最初的校园生活。In conclusion,we must lay emphasis on this problem and make our maximum contribution to help them spend their first day on campus smoothly.近些年，关于时尚存在着广泛的争论。其中一个问题就是一个人是否应选择他喜欢的舒适的衣服，而不管是否时尚。There is a general discussion over fashion in recent years. One of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes,which he or she likes,regardless of fashion.这一问题已被越来越多的人所关注，尤其是父母和教育专家。This issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people,especially for parents and experts in education.许多年轻人一提到时尚服装就兴高采烈。他们似乎被时尚服装那多彩的面料，各种不同的款式所吸引。Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes. And they seem to be attracted by colorful material,various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing,they maintain,that can't be compared with fashion clothes. In fact,fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster's life.许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实：衣服的基本功能是保持我们舒适和温暖。Many people seem to overlook the basic fact:the major function of clothing is to keep us warm and comfortable.而且，沉湎于时尚服装的人们不得不花费更多时间逛商店，更加注意自己给别人的印象。因此，他们不可能有足够的时间用于学习或工作。Furthermore,people who addict to fashion clothes have to spend colthes more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result,it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。No one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world. Experts in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that such situation would produce unfavorable effects on economic growth of local areas.关于这个问题，有很多原因。一个主要原因是车辆增加的数量远快于道路的建设。另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够。There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.同时，拥有私人轿车的人数这几年却在快速增加。Meanwhile,the numbers of people,who have access to their own cars,have risen sharply in the recent years.而且，许多人，包括司机和骑自行车的人，不能很好地遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口，这无疑使本已严重的状况雪上加霜。Moreover,many people,including drivers and cyclists,do not obey the traffic rules properly,especially at busy intersections. And this undoubtedly worsens the already grave situation.考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。In view of such serious situation,environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。Using bicycle contributes greatly to p