初中英语动词时态复习讲义打印版.docx

初中英语动词时态复习讲义 时 式如今 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 一般如今时 work /works一般过去时worked一般将来时 shall/will +workbe going to+work(am/is /are)一般过去将来时should/would+workbe+going to +work(was/were) 进展 如今进展时am/is/are+working过去进展时was/were+working将来进展时shall/will+be working过去将来进展时should/would+be working 完成 如今完成时have/has +worked过去完成时had+worked将来完成时shall/will+have worked过去将来完成时should/would+have worked 完成进展 如今完成进展时have/has+been working过去完成进展时had been working将来完成进展时will/shall+have been worked过去将来完成进展时should/would+have been worked一般如今时一、动词的第三人称词尾变更：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z；在t后读ts,在d后读dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读iz,假如动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies留意：动词have的第三人称单数是has.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _二. 一般如今时的用法1）表示常常的或习惯性的动作，常及表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes、every day(month ,week,year,morning),on Sundays 等。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示如今的状态。My father is at work.He is very busy. The boy is twelve. 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和实力等。All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well.。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.5）表示按支配或支配好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般如今时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般如今时来表示将来要发生的动作。 I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 稳固练习：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （否认句）_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. （提问）_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. （问句并否认答复）_4、I like being a nurse for the old. （一般疑问句）_5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。_6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。_7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去漫步。_一般过去时一、动词过去式的规则变更：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音和元音后读d；在t,d后读id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _16. turn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.die_25.prefer _二. 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982，once upon a time,the day before yesterday等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚刚你上哪儿去了？ After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开场弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，常常或反复发生的动作。常及often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在公路上踢足球。 3）一般过去式也可及today,this week,this month,this year等表如今的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“如今”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今日你看见他了吗？稳固练习：1、 Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否认句。)_2、 He was born in Shanghai.(对划线局部提问)_3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。_4、我前天读了一本书。_一般将来时 一、一般将来时的构成：助动词will+动词原形在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为ll，wii not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？二、一般将来时的用法1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常及tomorrow, next year,soon , in the future,in +段时间，in+2080等连用。例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示将来常常或反复发生的动作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推想，通常用be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或及副词perhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。 Maybe shell go to the gym.或许她会去体育馆。三、be going to +不定式，表示将来。1、表示主语进展某一行动的准备意图。这种准备常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即支配，支配要发生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天准备作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象说明某事即将发生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3、留意：be going to 和will之间的区分。两者都用于预料时，be going to意指有迹象说明某件事将要发生，属客观的推想；will则意指说话人认为/信任某件事将要发生，属主观的推想。两者在时间的发生上，be going to通常表示立刻要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何详细时间，可以指遥远的将来。例如：He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。 He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先支配、准备的意思；will则指未经过预先思索或支配，是临时的一种确定。在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 假如你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。 Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 假如你去问高教师，她会告知你答案。四、be +不定式表将来，表示客观支配或受人指示而将要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六探讨这份报告。五、be about to +不定式，意为立刻做某事。不能及tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他立刻要去北京。稳固练习：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线局部提问）_2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改写句子）_3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否认答复）_4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。_5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊？_过去将来时一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形二、过去将来时的用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2、 表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出救济之手。稳固练习：1、He said that he (come)back tonight.2、I thought it （rain）soon.如今进展时 一、 如今进展时的构成：am/is/are+动词的如今分词二、动词V-ing的构成形式规则原形-ing形式一般在动词原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-inghavepreparehavingpreparing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，假如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就干脆加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering写出下列动词的如今分词形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit 三、如今进展时的用法：1、表示如今（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进展的动作。常及now,right now,at this moment等时间壮语连用。例如： We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。2、 表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），始终在进展的活动。说话时动作未必正在进展。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他始终在考虑这个问题。3、 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常及always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色调。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是变更办法。4、 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。 5、表示按支配或支配要发生的动作。表挪动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于如今进展时，表示即将要发生动作。例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。一些持续性动词用于进展时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关切。例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？留意：表示感情的动词，like dislike ,hate,love,fear,want,wish,prefer,rufuse,forgive等，一般常用如今时代替如今进展时。稳固练习：1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改写句子）_2、They are surfing. （对划线局部提问）_3、瞧，那些孩子们玩的真兴奋！_4、这些天工人们始终在尽力修补那些坏了的帐篷。_用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Uncle Wang usually _ (go) to work by bike.2. Be quiet ! The patient _ (sleep).3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _(plant) trees over there.4、Emily often _ (help) her mother _ (wash) clothes on Sunday.5、_ (not be) afraid, I _ (show) you how to reach the station.6、What _ you _ (do) the day after tomorrow ?7、There _ (be) an important meeting in two days.8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.过去进展时一、过去进展时的构成：was/were+动词的如今分词(-ing) 二、过去进展时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进展或发生的动作，通常及表过去的时间壮语连用如this time yesterday,at 10 oclock yesterday,then, at that time, at that moment, when the teacher came in,from 8:00 to 10:00 yesterday,the whole morning, during the summer of 2012,when/while I was doing my homework 。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在整理东西去露营。2、表挪动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进展时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告知我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进展。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们分开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光绚丽。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进展时常常及其它过去时态，特殊时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进展时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源稳固练习：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell如今完成时 一、如今完成时的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词二、过去分词的构成： 过去分词的规则变更及动词过去式的变更一样，在动词词尾加-ed；不规则变更的过去分词见不规则动词表。写出下列动词的过去分词形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、 如今完成时的用法1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对如今造成的影响或结果，常及already, yet, ever, never, just，before ,in the past few years,so far, up to now,up till now, until now, now, this week, today, up to the moment等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了很多。2、表示过去已经开场，持续到如今的动作或状态，并可能还要持续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作持续时间长度），提问用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、如今完成时需留意的问题：表示短暂性的动词不能及表示一段时间的状语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。come-be here in ,go/leave-be away, die-be dead, catch a cold-have a cold, open-be open, close-be closed, borrow-keep, buy-have, begin-be on ,join-be in/be a (an) .例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)留意：非持续性动词的否认形式可以及表示持续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区分： have/has been to 去过 have/has gone to 去了 比拟一般过去时及如今完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和如今发生联络，常及详细的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；如今完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对如今造成的影响或结果，强调的是如今的状况，不能及表过去的时间壮语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对如今的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）稳固练习： 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成：助动词had动词过去分词二、过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常及“by the end of + /by the time /before/ when +过去时间”构成的短语连用。例如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常及for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。3、表示过去未曾实现的支配、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们盼望你能来，但是你没有来。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。稳固练习:1. You don't need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet2. -I'm sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB,were writing, has leftC. had written, had left D. were writing, had left4、My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.