医学英语词汇(前后缀,词根)(15页).doc

-Medical Terminologyhttp:/msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/1135/Worksheets/medterms/default.htmlDifferent professions have different "languages". An example of this is auto maintenance: automobile mechanics use terms to describe the objects and situations they encounter while working, such as "master cylinder" and "oil filter". Comparatively, medical workers use terms to describe the objects and situations encountered in their fields, such as "hepatitis" and "intravenous". The words - or terms - which make up the language of medicine are referred to as the terminology of the medical field, or Medical Terminology.Like every other language, medical terminology has changed over time. The basis for medical terminology; however, remains the same. The majority of medical terms are based in Latin or Greek. Roots Word RootDefinitionabdominabdomenacanththorny, spinyacetabulacetabulum (hip socket)acouhearingacrextremities; heightactinray; radiusadenoidadenoidsadenglandadrenaladrenal glandadrenadrenal glandaerair; gasalbuminalbuminalgesipainalveolalveolusamblydull; dimamniamnionamnionamnionamylstarchandrmaleangivesselanisunequal; dissimilarankylcrooked; stiff; bentantrantrumananusaortaortaaponeuraponeurosisappendicappendixarchefirst; beginningarteriarteryarteriolarteriole (small artery)arthrjointarticuljointatelimperfect; incompleteatheryellowish; fatty plaqueatriatriumaurearautselfaxillarmpitazoturea; nitrogenbacteribacteriabalanglans penisbilifebilbileblastdeveloping cellblephareyelidbrachiarmbronchbronchusbronchiolbronchiolebucccheekbursbursa (cavity)calccalciumcancercancercarcincancercardiheartcarpcarpals (wrist bones)caudtail; toward the lower part of the bodyceccecumceliabdomen (abdominal cavity)cephalheadcerebellcerebellumcerebrcerebrum, braincerumincerumen (earwax)cerviccervixcheillipchirhandcholangibile ductcholgall; bilecholedochcommon bile ductchondrcartilagechorichorionchromcolorclavicclavicle (collarbone)claviculclavicle (collarbone)colcoloncolpvaginaconidustconjunctivconjunctivacorepupilcornecorneacoronheartcorticcortex (outer layer of body organ)corpupilcostribcranicranium (skull)crycoldcrypthiddenculdculdesaccutaneskincyanbluecyespregnancycystbladder; saccytcelldacrytear, tear ductdactylfingers or toesdenttoothdermatskindermskindextrrightdiaphorsweatdiaphragmatdiaphragmdipltwo; doubledipsthirstdiskintervertebral diskdiverticuldiverticulumdorsback (of the body)duodenduodenumdurhard; dura materdynampower or strengthechsoundectoplocated away from usual placeelectrelectricity, electrical activityembryembryo; to be fullemmetra normal measuesencephalbrainendocrinendocrineenterintestinesepididymepididymisepiglottepiglottisepisivulvaepitheliepitheliumerythrredesophagesophagusesthesisensation, sensitivity, feelingeticause (of disease)facifacefemorfemur (upper leg bone)fetfetus; unborn childfibrfibrous tissue, fibersfibulfibula (lower leg)gangligangliongangliongangliongastrstomachgerold age; agedgerontold age; agedgingivgumglomerulglomerulusglosstongueglucsweetness; sugarglycsugarglycossugargnathjawgnosknowledgegonseedgravidpregnancygynecwomangynwomanhembloodhematbloodhepatliverherniherniaheterotherhidrsweathisttissuehomsamehomesameness; unchanginghumerhumerus (upper arm bone)hydrwaterhymenhymenhypnsleephysteruterusiatrmedicine; physicianichthyfishileileumiliiliumimmunimmuneiridirisiriirisischiischiumischdeficiency; blockageisequal; samejejunjejunumkalpotassiumkarynucleuskeratcorneakerathorny tissue; hardkinmovementkinesimovement; motionkyphhumplabilipslabyrinthlabyrinthlacrimtear duct, tearlactmilklaminlamina (thin; flat plate or layer)laparabdomenlarynglarynxlatersideleismoothleukwhitelingutonguelipfatlithstone; calculusloblobelordbent forwardlymphlymphmacrabnormal largenessmammbreastmandibulmandible (lower jawbone)mastbreastmastoidmastoidmaxillmaxilla (upper jawbone)meatmeatus (opening)melanblackmeningmeningesmeniscmeniscus (crescent)menmenstruationmentmindmetruterusmononemorphform; shapemucmucusmycfungusmyelbone marrow; spinal cordmyelonbone marrowmyosmusclemyringeardrummymusclenarcstupornasnosenatbirthnecrdeath (cells; body)nephrkidneyneurnervenoctnightnyctnightnyctalnightoculeyeoligscanty; fewomphalumbilicu; navelonctumoronychnailooegg; ovumoophorovaryophthalmeyeoptvisionorchidtestis; testicleorchitestis; testicleorchtestis; testicleorganorganormouthorthstraightosteboneotearoveggoxoxygenpachythickpalatpalatepancreatpancreaspapillnippleparathyroidparathyroid glandparbear; give birth to; laborpatellpatella (kneecap)pathdiseasepartbear; give birth to; laborpectorchestpedchild; footpelvpelvis; pelvic boneperineperineumperitoneperitoneumpetrstonephaclens of the eyephageat; swallowphaklens of the eyephalangpharynxphasspeechphlebveinphotlightphrenmindphysinatureplasmplasmapleurpleurapneumatlung; airpneumlung; airpneumonlung; airpodfootpoligray matterpoikilvaried; irregularpolyppolyp; small growthposterback (of body)primfirstproctrectumprostatprostate glandpseudfake; falsepsychmindpubpubispuerperchildbirthpulmonlungpupillpupilpyelrenal pelvispylorpylorus (pyloric sphincter)pypuspyrfever; heatquadrfourrachivertebra; spinal or vertebral columnradicnerve rootradiculnerve rootradiradius (lower arm bone)rectrectumrenkidneyretinretinarhabdrodshaped, striatedrhinnoserhytidwrinklesrhiznerve rootsalpingfallopian (uterine) tubesarcflesh; connective tissuescapulscapula (shoulder bone)sclersclerascolicrooked, curvedsebsebum (oil)septseptumsialsalivasigmoidsigmoidsinussinussomatbodysomnsleepsonsoundspermatspermatozoan; spermspermspermatozoan; spermsphygmpulsespirbreathe; breathingsplenspleenspondylvertebra; spinal or vertebral columnstapedstapes (middle ear bone)staphylgrapelike clusterssternsternum (breastbone)stethcheststomatmouthstrepttwisted chainssynovisynovia; synovial membranesystemsystemtarstarsals (ankle bones)tarsedge of eyelid; tarsal (instep of foot)tendintendontendtendontentendontesttestis; testiclethermheatthoracthorax (chest)thrombclotthymthymus glandthyroidthyroid glandthyrthyroid glandtibitibia (lower leg bone)tomcut; sectiontontension, pressuretonsilltonsilstopplacetoxicpoisontrachelneck; neckliketrachetracheatrichhairtympaneardrum; middle earulnulna (lower arm bone)ungunailureterureterurethrurethraurinurine; urinary tractururine; urinary tractuteruterusuvuluvulavaginvaginavalvvalvevalvulvalvevasvessel; ductvenveinventriculventriclevertebrvertebra; spinal or vertebral columnvesicbladder; sacvesiculseminal vesiclesviscerinternal organsvulvvulvaxanthyellowxerdry PrefixesPrefixDefinitionawithout or absence ofabfrom; away fromadto; towardanwithout or absence ofanaup; again; backwardantebeforeantiagainstapouponbitwobintwobradyslowcatadowncontogethercontraagainstdefrom; down from; lack ofdiathorough; completedisto undo; free fromdysdifficult; labored; painful; abnormalectooutside; outerendowithinepion; upon; overesoinwardeunormal; goodexoutside; outwardexooutside; outwardextraoutside of; beyondhemihalfhyperabove; excessivehypobelow; incomplete; deficientinin; into; notinfraunder; belowinterbetweenintrawithinmalbadmesomiddlemetaafter; beyond; changemicrosmallmultimanyneonewnullinonepanall; totalparabeside; beyond; aroundperthroughperisurrounding (outer)polymany; muchpostafterprebefore; in front ofprobeforerebackretroback; behindsemihalfsubunder; belowsuperover; abovesupraabovesymtogether; joinedsyntogether; joinedtachyfast; rapidtetrafourtransthrough; across; beyondtrithreeultrabeyond; excessunione Suffixes acpertaining toalpertaining toarpertaining toarypertaining toealpertaining toialpertaining toicpertaining toouspertaining toagraexcessive painalgiapainapheresisremovalaseenzymeastheniaweaknessatresiaabsence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closurecapniacarbon dioxidecelehernia; protrusioncentesissurgical puncture to aspirate fluidcidalkillingclasiabreakclasisbreakclastbreakclysisirrigating; washingcoccus (pl. cocci)berryshaped ( a form of bacterium)crineseparate; secretecritto separatecytecelldesissurgical fixation; fusiondromerun; runningectasisstretching out; dilatation; expansionectomyexcision or surgical removalectopiadisplacementemesisvomitingemiablood conditionerone whoesisconditioniasisconditiongensubstance or agent that produces or causesgenesisorigin; causegenicproducing; originating; causinggramrecord; x-ray filmgraphinstrument used to recordgraphyprocess of recording; xray filmingiacondition of diseased or abnormal stateiatryphysician; treatmenticianone whoictalseizure; attackismstate ofitisinflammationlepsyseizurelysisloosening; dissolution; separatinglyticdestroy; reducemalaciasofteningmaniamadness; insane desiremegalyenlargementmeterinstrument used to measuremetrymeasurementmorphform; shapeodiasmellodyniapainoidresemblingologistone who studies and practices (specialist)ologystudy ofomatumor; swellingopiavision (condition)opsyto viewoorhagiarapid flow of bloodorrhaphysuturing; repairingorrheaflow; excessive dischargeorrhexisruptureosisabnormal condition (means increased when used with blood cell word roots)ostomycreation of an artificial openingotomycut into or incisionoxiaoxygenparesisslight paralysispathydiseasepeniaabnormal reduction in numberpepsiadigestionpexysurgical fixation; suspensionphagiaeating; swallowingphilialovephilylovephobiaabnormal fear of or aversion to specific objects or thingsphoniasound or voicephoriafeelingphysisgrowthplasiaformation; development; a growthplasmgrowth; substance; formationplastyplastic or surgical repairplegiaparalysispneabreathingpoiesisformationporosispassageprandialmealpraxiain front of; beforeptosisdropping; sagging; prolapseptysisspittingsalpinxfallopian tubesarcomamalignant tumorschisissplit; fissuresclerosishardeningscopeinstrument used for visual examinationscopyvisual examinationscopicvisual examinationsepsisinfectionsisstate ofspasmsudden involuntary muscle contractionstasiscontrol; stopstalsiscontractionstenosisconstriction; narrowingthoraxchesttociabirth; labortomeinstrument used to cuttripsysurgical crushingtrophynourishmentulelittleuriaurine; urination-第 15 页-