中考英语动词考点归纳与例析(6页).doc

-中考英语动词考点归纳与例析-第 6 页中考英语动词考点归纳与例析【重点讲解】动词是构成英语句子的核心，用来表示动作和状态。和名词一样，动词也有人称和数的变化，用作谓语时必须与主语在人称及数上保持一致。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为行为动词（也称实义动词）（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）等四类。本文主要就各类动词的基本用法进行归纳和通过练习进行讲解，不包括动词的时态、语态以及动词非谓语形式的具体用法。1行为动词使用要点。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词只能接一个宾语（如：We study Ennglish.）；有的要接两个宾语（双宾语）（如：He teaches me English.）；有的要接宾语和宾语补足语（复合宾语）（如：Tom gave me a pencil.）。有些动词既可以可用作及物动词，也可以可用作不及物动词。不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语，不及物动词没有被动语态形式。另外，按其动作发生的方式、过程的时间长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：know, have, learn, work, stand, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如begin, finish, open, close, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, buy, borrow等。2. 连系动词使用要点。连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，和表语一起构成复合谓语。系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。常见的连系动词有be，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand, seem，appear，look，feel，smell，sound，taste，become，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，run等。3、助动词使用要点。助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完整，它只是帮助主要动词构成为谓语，表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。4、情态动词使用要点。情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、愿意、怀疑等。情态动词本身具有一定的词义，但不不完全，不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。【中考链接】1. - Can you _ your camera to me? - Sorry. I _ it at home. A. borrow, leftB. borrow, forget C. lene, forgotD. lend, left 答案：A。解析 本题考查四个动词的用法。borrow意为向别人“借入”，lend意为将自己东西“借出”，forget 意为“忘记”，leave 意为“留下”。根据句意选A。2. - Can I go fishing with you, Dad? - No, you _. You _ stay at home and do your homework first. A. wont, mayB. cant, mustC. shouldnt, oughtD. neednt, should 答案：B。解析 问句是说“可以去钓鱼吗？”从答句结尾可知，父亲是叫孩子呆在家里做作业，所以否定回答应为No, you cant。3. Amy, Ill be on holiday for a week. Could you help me _ my dog?A. look forB. look atC. look afterD. look over 答案：C。解析 本题考查几个短语动词的用法。look for意为“寻找”，look at意为“看”， look after意为“照料”，look over意为“查看”。根据句意选C。4. After they passed their exams, they _ by having a party.A. succeeded B. celebrated C. prepared D. received 答案：B。解析 susceed意为“成功”，celebrate意为“庆祝”，prepare意为“准备”，receive意为“收到”。“by + 动名词”表示“通过什么方式”。根据句意选B。5 - When _ your mother _ you that blue dress Mary？- Sorry, I realy cant remember.A. does；buy B. has；bought C. had；bought D. did；buy 5. 答案：D。解析 本题的考点是动词时态。四个选项分别为动词buy的四种不同时态形式。不难看出，问句是问“衣服是什么时候买的”，要用一般过去时，故选D。6. Look, there _ a cat and a dog fighting under the tree. A. areB. isC. haveD. has 答案：A。解析 本句是“there + be”句型 ，There不可以与 have或 has连用，因而排除C和D。句子的主语是a cat and a dog，是两个动物，属于复数，所以选A。7. Will you make _ for the old lady? Sure. Just _ my seat. A. room; take B. a room; live C. room; sit D. rooms; sit 答案：A。解析从答句中的“my seat”判断，这个对话的内容与让座位有关。Sit是不及物动词，live不可以和seat连用，因此第二空只能填take。“room”做“空间，地方”解时是不可数名词。故选A。8. - Would you like_ some coffee? - No, thanks. I _some. A. have, already have B. had, just hadC. having, have yet had D. to have, have already had 答案：D。解析 would like 后要接to + 动词原形，所以第一空填 to have；第二空填“have already had”，意为“我已经吃过了”。9. - This dish tastes _. -Thank you . It _by Mr Smith. ）A. good, was cooked B. well, cooks C.bad , is cooked D. terrible, cooked答案：A。解析第一空前的动词taste 为连系动词，其后要接形容词。从答句“Thank you”可以想到 “菜尝起来味道好”，别人才说“谢谢”。因此第一空要填good。另外，菜是被做出来的，所以第二空填 was cooked 。 10. - Have you _your ticket yet? - No, Im still _it. A. found, finding B. looked for, looking for C. found, looking for D.looked for, finding答案：C。解析该题考查find与look for的区别，find意为“找到”，look for意为“寻找”。所以选C。第一空要填found，第二空填looking for。11. - What _your father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy? - Let me seeOh, he was_ a newspaper. A.was, reading B.were, watching C. was, looking D. were, seeing答案：A。解析 问句的主语 your father 是第三人称单数， 可以排除B和D。 看报纸要用read而不用look。所以选A。12. - Why are you late? - My bike broke down. I had it _.A. repaired B. repairs C. repair D. repairing答案：A。解析 have something done 的意思是“要某人做了某事”，答句的意思是“我的自行车坏了，我叫人修好了。”repaired是过去分词，在句中作宾语补语。13. - I saw Susan _ a greet dress at the party.- I think she looks better _ red.A. wears, inB. wearing, inC. put on, wearingD. wear, putting 答案：B。解析wear表状态，put on表动作，另外，第二空只能填 in，故选B。14. Im afraid itll _you much time to work out the problem. A. spend B. use C. need D. take 答案：D。解析表示“花时间做某事”，用it做形式主语时，谓语动词要用take。故选D。【习题精炼】1. - What a nice bike! How long have you _it ?- Half a year. A. bought B. received C. taken D. had2. The old man _ for three years.A. was dead B. was died C. has been dead D. has died3. Ill call you if Mr. Li _ Shenzhen.A. gets to B. arrives C. reaches to D. arrive in4. Don't worry. I'v already _ the doctor. A. waited for B. sent for C. passed on D. turned on 5. The young man _ the old lady _ her money in the corner of the street.A. robbed, from B. robbed, of C. stole, from D. stole, of 6. He _ her to go with him, but he failed. A. persuaded B. has persuaded C. tried to persuade D. tries to persuade7. Alexander Bell _ the telephone in 1876 and Clumbers _ America in 1492.A. invented, invented B. discovered, inventedC. invented, discovered D. discovered, discovered 8. The music _ .A. sounds wonderful B. is sounding wonderfulC. is sounded wonderful D. sounds wonderfully9. Please _the radio a bit. The baby is sleeping. A. turn on B. turn off C . turn up D. turn down 10. Kate suddenly _ and hurt herself when she was skating on the ice.A. fell over B. fell off C. fell into D. fell behind11. - I have never seen this yellow bike. Whose is it?- It _ belong to Mike. I saw him riding a yellow bike this morning.A. can B. should C. would D. must12. - _ I watch TV now, Mum?- No, you _ finish your homework first.A. Must; neednt B. Can; may C. May; must D. May; mustnt13. - May I speak to Mr. Smith, please? - _, please. I call him for you.A. Hold back B. Hold on C. Hang up D. Speak【答案详解】1. 答案：D。解析 该题考查终止性的动词与延续性的动词的区别。How long 是一个表示一段时间的短语，要与延续性动词连用，A 、B 和C 三个选项都是终止性的动词，故选D。2. 答案：C。解析 含有 “for +时间段” 或 “since +时间点/ 从句” 的现在完成时的句子中，谓语动词要用延续性动词，或是“be + 表示状态的形容词”来表示。如be dead，be over, be here等。3. 答案：A。解析 get to + 地点，arrive at/ in + 地点，reach + 地点, 都表示到达某地。要注意的是只有reach是及物动词可直接接地点，其他两个是不及物动词，接地点时要与介词连用。4. 答案：B。解析 wait for 意为“等待” ，sent for 意为“派人去请”，pass on 意为“传递”，turn on 意为“开”。 根据句意，选B。5. 答案：B。解析 本题考查动词和介词的习惯搭配用法。“rob sb. of sth.”表示“抢某人的东西”，“stole sth. From somewhere”表示“从某处偷东西”。故选B。6. 答案：C。解析 persuad的意思是“说服了（某人）”。从句末的“he failed”可知“劝说”没有成功。所以选C。全句意思为“他企图劝说她跟他走，但他失败了。”7. 答案：C。解析 invent的意思是“发明”，discover的意思是“发现”。故选 C。8. 答案：A。解析 “sound” (听起来)是用作连系动词，后面只能接形容词，不能用进行时态，更不能用被动语态。类似的连系动词有： smell (闻起来) ，taste (尝起来) ，look (看起来) ，feel (摸起来)等。9. 答案：D。解析 turn on 意为“开”，turn off 意为“关”，turn up 意为“（把音量）开大”，turn down意为“（把音量）关小”。根据第二个句子"The baby is sleeping（小孩正在睡觉）”的意思判断，可排除 A和 C。又因不可说 turn off a bit，排除B而选 D 。10. 答案：A。解析 fall off （从掉/落下）和fall into（掉进）均需接宾语， fall behind（落后）不合题意。fall over 意为“（向前）摔倒”，故选 A。11. 答案：D。解析 根据语境的分析，此处要用表示肯定的推测的情态动动词must。12. 答案：C。解析 本题是考查常见的情态动词may, can, must的用法。May开头的疑问句肯定回答时用Yes, please; Certainly; Sure等，在否定回答时用Please dont; No, you cant; No, you mustnt; Im afraid you cant. 等，以勉显得语气太严肃或不太客气。另外must表示“必须”, 这个对话的意思是“妈妈，我可不可以看电视吗？”“不行，你必须先完成作业”。所以选C。13. 答案：B。解析 本题考查电话用语。此处hold on表示“不要挂断电话”。