人教版(新教材)高中英语选修1Unit 1 People of Achievement课时作业4：Reading and thinking.docx

Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and thinking 一、单词拼写. be（极其重要的）to one's life1 .（学术的）career.（客观的）fact2 . a（坚定的）and patient scientist. a（至关重要的）new treatment3 . traditional（植物学的）treatments.（有区别的）features from.4 .（分析）the medical texts.（科学的）research5 .（评价）the result of the experiment.（煮开）the water6 . their medical（特征）.叩pro val（得到认可）7 .（成认失败）.opposite（明显地相反）二、课文概要填空Tu Youyou （被授予）the prize for her research which （导致）the discovery of artemisinin. Tu was born in Ningbo, and she led a project to discover a new treatment for malaria.（因为）her persistence and inspiration, her team gained an outstanding result which（被认为是）one of the most important contributions to the development of human.三、阅读理解NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons - bacteria, viruses, and parasites （寄生虫）-claim millions of lives every year.But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5.Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi Omura for discovering avermectin （阿维菌素）,a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis （象皮病）.Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.Omura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds （化合物）that work against harmful microbes （微生物）.Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by Omura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu's team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, Omura and Tu helped to discover.1. The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating.A. river blindnessB. malariaC. lymphatic filariasisD. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and Omura, comes from.A. bacteria B. plants C. farm animals D. ocean animals3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin?A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people's lives since its discovery.D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.愿答案X K解析答一、单词拼写1 .vital 2.academic 3.objective 4 mitted 5.crucial 6.botanical 7.distinct8.analyse9.scientific lO.evaluate11.boil12.properties 13.obtain14.acknowledge defeat15.apparently二、课文概要填空was awarded; led to; because of; was regarded as三、阅读理解K答案BK解 析 H 根据第三段最后一句可知。Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin, a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.1. R答案1AK解析H 根据第五段第一句可知 Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants.2. K答案cK解 析1根据倒数第三段最后一句可知，523计划是60年代晚期提出的，从倒数第二段 第三句可知，青蒿素是1971年发现的。故A错。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，失败的次数 为190屡次，故B错。青蒿素无国外科学家参与发现，故D错。根据最后一段第一句可知C正确。