人教版(新教材)高中英语选修3Unit5 Poems精品学案：Grammar—Review of relative clauses(步步高).docx

GrammarReview of relative clauses语法导学/感悟规律 重点难点剖析；、语法感知感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题(l)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.(2)Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem" ， which contains a list of things,people, ideas9 or descriptions that develop a particular theme.(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.(5)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.1 .在上述句子中，句(1)、(2)、(4),句(5)的第一处加黑局部和句(6)是限制性定语从句；句 的加黑局部和句的第二处加黑局部是韭限制性定语从句。2 .句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。3 .句(1)中是关系副词引导定语从句;句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是关系代词引导定语从句。 语法精析在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名 词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和 从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词 两种，关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等；关系副词有 when, where, why。 一、关系代词的用法who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略；which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；that指人时，相当于who或whom； 指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；whose通常指人，也 可指物，在定语从句中作定语。The person that/who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。The old man (that/whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。The gold medal (that/which) she won has been given to her old school.她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。The woman (that/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。K温馨提示H.宜用that不宜用which的情况领先行词是 all, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing, some 等不定代 词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。(2)领先行词被 all, every, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, just等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。领先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。(4)领先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。1 .宜用which不宜用that的情况关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。(2)在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book, which was written by a young girl?你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？2 .宜用who不宜用that的情况(1)领先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one, ones, anyone等。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。领先行词是人称代词L you, he, they等时(常用于谚语中)。He who doesn' t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。领先行词为指人的those时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。(4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。3 . whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.= The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.= The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。r d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。Can you tell me the reason why you didn' t come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？K温馨提示表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引 导。假设先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；假设先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语， 那么应用关系代词。试比拟：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？ （when在从句中作状语）Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）I don' t know the reason why he didn' t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。（why作原因状语）I won' t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that,不用why） 三' "介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。 如果指“人”，用“介词+ whom” ；如果指“物”,用“介词+which” ；关系代词有时也 用whose（作定语）。选用介词的依据：1 .根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯（即固定短语）。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而知名。（be famous for因而知名）.根据先行词的搭配习惯（约定俗成，不一定是短语）。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（with camera用照相机）The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。（in the boss' company）.根据句子的意思来选择。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。2 .表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一局部”时，通常用介词of。I have about 10 books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。K温馨提示U在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介 词移至which或whom之前。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.（正）The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.（误）四、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的 关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句 外，其他都可以。He is English, which I know from his accent.他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。I heard a terrible noise, which brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。K温馨提示关系代词as和which的区别as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一局部内容，先行 词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；as和which都不可省略，有时两者可以互换。He married her, as/which was natural.他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。以下情况通常只用as而不用which：当定语从句置于主句前面时，用as不用whichoAs you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.（定语从句在句首）你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。注意下面句子的多种表达方法：众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.a It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.（后两句属名词性从句范畴） 五、使用定语从句的考前须知.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Those who are over 45 won' t be permitted into the hall.超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。K温馨提示U"one of+复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；"the only one of+复数名词”作先 行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。1 .为防止关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited 后不可加 it) 这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。达标检测1/当堂检测基础达标演练 NI .单句语法填空He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice.1. It is the most interesting book that he has ever read.2. He is the boy of whom we are proud in our school.3. The building whose doors are white is an office building.4. Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.5. She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here.6. The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum.7. . The reason why she changed her mind is quite clear.8. The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.9. She has two sons, both of whom graduated from Harvard University, n .语法填空Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn' t care.A few hours before, V d been at home in Hong Kong, 11 .where I breathed its choking smog.Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.r d skipped nearby Guilin, 12.which is a dream place for tourists 13.who/that seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead, I' d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 15.who fly to Guilin, it' s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 16,that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent, 19.which is a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.