人教版(新教材)高中英语选修1Unit 1 People of Achievement课时作业5：Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language—Language Points.docx

Reading and Thinking & Learning AboutLanguageLanguage Points提示：题干中加底纹的词汇是本课时的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。【基础巩固】I .单词拼写It is vital that all students should be committed to their lessons.1. Take a little time to think before committing（承诺）yourself.2. The experts will come to our school to evaluate（评估）our circumstances.3. The scientist analysed the milk, finding it contained much water.4. He paused, apparently（显然）lost in thought staring at the book.5. More information can be obtained from the Department for Education.6. He was a strong-minded man who was not prepared to admit defeat（失败）.7. The young man didn' t acknowledge that he had been defeated in the election.8. His wife has made some wonderful scientific小斗学上的）discoveries so far.9. After touching the new substance（物质）,the famous novelist fell down to the floor. IL选词填空be committed to, insist on, lead to, care about:, according toAccording to the chart, we could draw a final conclusion.10. It was the driver' s carelessness that led to the terrible accident.11. He cared about nobody but himself in the trip to Qingdao.12. I think it is vital that the company insist on the high price.13. . The kind nurse is committed to the care of the patients all day.Ill.单句写作.在评价他的成绩之前，老师先是分析了那些数据。（evaluate； analyse）The teacher analysed the data before evaluating his grades.16 .在公园散步时，她偶然遇到了汤姆。（by chance）When （she was） walking in the park, she met Tom by chance.17 .大家对这个从图表中得出的结论很感兴趣。（过去分词短语作定语）Everyone was interested in the conclusion drawn from the chart.18 . 一想起那个结论，他就忍不住想笑。（on/upon doing.）On/Upon thinking of that conclusion, he couldn' t help laughing.19 .医生们坚持要立刻给那个男孩做手术。（insist that.）The doctors insisted that the boy （should） be operated on at once.【能力提升】IV .阅读理解Anyone who has ever worked in an office knows the frustration of the person stuck at the copy machine： It' s out of paper, or it has paper jammed somewhere.Most would agree that the office printer is a great technological advance.As with so many inventions, today' s all-purpose office printer started with one person： Chester Floyd Carlson.In 1930, Carlson earned a Bachelor of Science degree in physics and took a job offer as a research engineer.Dissatisfied with the job, he moved on to the patent department of an electrical goods manufacturer.While working in the patent office, Carlson noted that there never seemed to be enough carbon copies of patent specifications.There were only two ways to get additional copies： have expensive photographic copies made or have a typist type more copies, which then had to be proofread（校对） for errors, a laborious process.He knew there had to be an easier way.Carlson was inspired by the work of Hungarian physicist Pal Selenyi, who was experimenting with electrostatic（静电的）images.In an article, Carlson said, uThings don' t come to mind readily, all of a sudden, like pulling things out of the air.You have to get your inspiration from somewhere, and usually you get it from reading something else.”His breakthrough came on 22 October 1938.But it took Carlson eight years to find anyone willing to invest in xerography（静电复印术）.In 1944, Battelle Memorial Institute, a non-profit research organization, signed a royalty-sharing contract（合约）with him and development began in the true sense.In 1947, Battelle joined with Haloid, later to be known as Xerox, giving Haloid the right to develop a xerographic machine.The resulting Xerox copier made Carlson a wealthy man, but it' s estimated that during his life he gave away $100 million to various charities and foundations.He reportedly died of a heart attack on 19 September 1968, while watching the film "He Who Rides a Tiger” .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。办公打印机的出现是一个巨大的技术进步，采用静电复印术 的打印机的问世离不开先驱者Chester Floyd Car I son的坚持和努力。1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To inform readers of a new technology.B To introduce the topic about office printer.C. To talk about some common problems in offices.D. To complain about the quality of office equipment.K答案IBK解 析 推理判断题。根据后文内容可知，本文介绍了办公打印机的研发过程，故第一段 旨在引出话题。2. What motivated Carlson to develop the all-purpose office printer?A. The paper in printers often got jammed.B. There was a lack of typists in his department.C. The proofreading personnel often made errors.D. Low-cost and efficient printing machines were in urgent need.K答案DK角星析U 细节理解题。根据第三段的 u.never seemed to be enough carbon copies of patent specifications.a laborious process.,可知,在当时Carlson所处的情境下,他急切需要低本钱 和高效率的打印机。E. . What do Carlson' s remarks suggest?A. No way is impossible to courage.B Experience is the best teacher.C. Reading is always profitable.D. Detail is the key to success.K答案cK解析 推理判断题。第四段Carlson说的话揭示了：我们需要从某处获取灵感，通常是 从阅读其他东西中获取，即Carlson传达了 “开卷有益”的道理。4. What' s the main idea of the text?A. The pioneer of the all-purpose office printer.B - The process of the office printer' s coming out.C. The history of technological advancement in offices.D. The disadvantages and advantages of office copy machines.K答案U AK解 析I 主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了：采用静电复印术的打印机的 问世离不开先驱者Chester Floyd Carlson的坚持和努力，应选A项。V.完形填空I recently heard a story about a famous scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs.He was being interviewed by a reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more 1 than the average person.He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother that happened when he was about 2.He had been trying to 2 milk from the fridge when he 3 the slippery（光滑的） bottle, its contents running all over the kitchen floor.When his mother came in, 4 shouting at him or giving him a lecture, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful picture you have ' drawn' ! I have 5 seen such a huge pool of milk.Well, the damage has already been done.Would you like to get down and 6 in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up? ”His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a 7 experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands.Let' s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can 8 it. " The little boy learned that if he 9 the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.What a wonderful 10 !This scientist then said that it was at that moment that he knew he didn' t need to be 11 to make mistakes.Instead, he learned that mistakes were just12 for learning something new,which is, 13 > what scientific experiments are all about.Even if the experiment “doesn' t 14, we usually learn something 15 from it.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位著名的科学家2岁时的一次经历，正是妈妈的鼓 励和正确引导，使这位科学家从中悟出了一个道理：人生应该不断从错误中学习，不要害怕 犯错误。最终，他取得了成功。1. A.activeB. absentC. creativeD. honestK答案X cK解 析X active积极的；absent缺席的；creative创造性的；honest老实的。此处指科学 家认为自己能够比普通人更有创造力的原因。应选C。2. A.buyB. replaceC. removeD. protectK答案U cK解 析H buy购买；replace替代；remove移动，移走；protect保护。他一直试图从冰箱 里取出牛奶。应选C。3. A.fellB. fledC. escapedD. droppedK答案2 DK解 析fall摔倒，落下；flee逃跑；escape逃走；drop下降，掉落。瓶子很滑，掉了下 来。从后文 uhe could carry it without dropping itv 也可知选 D。4. A.in honor ofC. in spite ofB instead ofD. in place ofK答案X BK解 析U in honor of 为了 纪念;instead of 不是而是；in spite of 尽管；in place of 代替。当他妈妈进来时，并没有对他大喊或者教训他。应选B。5. A.rarelyB. happilyC. frequentlyD. apparentlyK答案R AK解 析rarely很少，罕见地；happily快乐地；frequently经常地；apparently显然。我很 少见到这么大的牛奶泳池。应选A。6. A .jumpB. playC. enjoyD. handleK答案H BK解 析U jump跳跃；play玩耍；enjoy享受；handle处理。你想要蹲下来并且在我们清理 之前在牛奶里玩一会吗？应选B。7. A.failedB. successfulC. fantasticD. painfulK答案I AK解 析U failed失败的；successful成功的；fantastic极好的；painful痛苦的。根据上文他 把奶瓶掉在地上可知，这是一次失败的实验。应选A。8. A.getB. putC. tryD. makeK答案X D解 析get得到；put放置；try努力；make制作。make it成功，是固定表达。来看看你 能否成功。应选D。9. A.controlledB. analysedC. brokeD. heldK答案DK解 析Ucontrol控制；analyse分析；break打破；hold握住。如果他用双手抓住靠近瓶口的那个位置时，他就不会掉落瓶子。应选D。10. A.cureB. teachingC. lessonD. instructionK答案X CK解 析Ucure措施，对策；teaching教学；lesson课，教训；instruction指导。多么棒的一课啊！此处指妈妈用启发、鼓励和探索的方法教育孩子，给孩子上了生动的一课。应选C。B , ready11. A.concernedC. athleticD. afraidK答案5DK解 析Hconcerned担忧的；ready准备好的；athletic运动的；afraid害怕的。从那一刻他知道他没有必要害怕犯错误。应选D。12. A.situationsB. chancesC. timesD. turnsK答案X BK解 析R situation情形；chance机会；time次数；turn转弯。他反而学到了犯错误是学到 新东西的机会。应选B。13. A.after allB. above allC. first of allD. in allK答案AK解析afterall毕竟；aboveall首先，最重要的是；firstofall首先；inall总计。毕竟， 这是有关科学实验的一切。应选A。14. A.doB. finishC. goD. workK答案DK解 析X do做事；finish完成；go去；work工作，起作用。即使这个实验并没有奏效。 应选DoA.lovableB. severeC. valuableD. interestingK答案I cK解 析X lovable可爱的；severe严重的；valuable有价值的；interesting有趣的。我们通 常能从它那里学到有价值的东西。应选C。VI.语法填空Abraham Lincoln 1.(bear) in 1809.He was President of the United States from 1861 until he died in 1865.Lincoln was 193 cm tall.He was too tall 2.(fit) in most beds.When he was president, people from his hometown gave him a special bed.The length of the bed was 82 cm longer than Lincoln' s 3.(high). It was enough for him.All his life, Lincoln liked to laugh.He liked to make other people laugh too.Once Lincoln4 .(talk) with some people, he asked, “How many legs does a sheep have? ” “Four, “ they answered. "Right, “ Lincoln said. uNow how many legs does a sheep have. we call the tail a leg? ” "Five, " they answered. "Wrong, " Lincoln said, “It still has four legs, because 6.(call) the tail a leg doesn' t make 7. one.”Many people thought Abraham Lincoln was very ugly.Right before he became president,8. eleven-yearold girl wrote him a letter.She said that she wanted him 9.(grow) a beard.Lincoln thought about this and decided that it was a good idea.That' s 10. in most pictures of Lincoln he has a short beard.语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了美国总统亚伯拉罕林肯生活中的一些趣事。1. K 答 案 U was bornI解 析U考查动词的时态和语态。动词bear与主语Abraham Lincoln是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 1809”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填wasborn。2. K答案】to fitK解 析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：他太高了以至于大多数床都不适合。to。to意为 “太以至于不能”。3. K答案D heightK解 析I考查词性转换。根据空前的名词所有格Lincoln' s可知用名词形式，high的名词形式是heighto4. K答 案U was talkingK解 析考查动词的时态。根据语境可知是过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。5. K答案U ifK解析R考查连词。句意为：如果我们把尾巴叫作腿，一只羊有几条腿？表假设应用if。6. K答案H callingK解 析U考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，doesn' t make是谓语，此处是主语，所以应用动名词形式，故填callingo7. K答案U itK解析X考查代词。此处代替前面的名词the tail,所以应用代词it。8. K答案H anK解 析U考查冠词。此处表泛指，意为：一个11岁的女孩；eleven是以元音音素开头的词，故应用an09. K答案H to growK解 析X考查非谓语动词。wantsb.todosth.意为“想让某人做某事”。10. K答案U whyK解析考查表语从句。句意为：这就是为什么在大多数林肯的照片中，他留着短胡子。因为从句的内容是表示结果的，所以应用why。